^UNION OF THE COMOROS 2013 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） U.S. State Department (2014), Quote: "The law provides sanctions for any religious practice other than the Sunni Shafi’i doctrine of Islam and for prosecution of converts from Islam, and bans proselytizing for any religion except Islam."
^Mohamed El-Awa (1993), Punishment in Islamic Law, American Trust Publications, ISBN 978-0892591428, pp 1-68
^Frank Griffel (2001), Toleration and exclusion: al-Shafi ‘i and al-Ghazali on the treatment of apostates, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 64(03): 339-354
^Aḥmad ibn Luʼluʼ Ibn al-Naqīb (Trans: Noah Ha Mim Keller, 1997), The Reliance of the Traveller, ISBN 978-0915957729
^L Wiederhold L, Blasphemy against the Prophet Muhammad and his companions (sabb al-rasul, sabb al-sahabah) : The introduction of the topic into Shafi'i legal literature, Jrnl of Sem Studies, Oxford University Press, 42(1), pp. 39-70
^P Smith (2003), Speak No Evil: Apostasy, Blasphemy and Heresy in Malaysian Syariah Law, UC Davis Journal Int'l Law & Policy, 10, pp. 357-373;
F Griffel (2001), Toleration and exclusion: al-Shafi ‘i and al-Ghazali on the treatment of apostates, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 64(3), pp. 339-354
^Elyse Semerdjian (2008), "Off the Straight Path": Illicit Sex, Law, and Community in Ottoman Aleppo, Syracuse University Press, ISBN 978-0815631736, pp. 22-23
^Elyse Semerdjian (2008), "Off the Straight Path": Illicit Sex, Law, and Community in Ottoman Aleppo, Syracuse University Press, ISBN 978-0815631736, p. 25
^K Ali (2010), Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0674050594, pp. 56-57
^Lynn Welchman (2000), Beyond the Code: Muslim Family Law and the Shariʼa Judiciary, Brill, ISBN 978-9041188595, pp. 108-110
^K Ali (2010), Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0674050594, pp. 178-179
^The Word of Islam - Page 102, John Alden Williams - 1994
^L. Ali Khan and Hisham M. Ramadan (2011), Contemporary Ijtihad: Limits and Controversies, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0748641284, pp. 72-75
^M Cook (2010), Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521130936, pp. 91-103, 145-182
^MA Cook (2003), Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521536028, pp. 31-42, 60-68, 104-129
^Thomas W. Arnold (2004), Painting in Islam: A Study of the Place of Pictorial Art in Muslim Culture, Gorgias Press, ISBN 978-1593331214, p. 9
^Zaky Hassan (1944), The attitude of Islam towards painting, Bulletin of the Faculty ofArts (Cairo University), Vol. 7, pp. 1-15
^Isa Salman (1969), Islam and figurative arts, Sumer, Vol. 25, pp. 59-96
^Anne Meneley (1996), Tournaments of Value: Sociability and Hierarchy in a Yemeni Town, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0802078681, p. 84, footnote 8
