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噻嗎洛爾
臨床資料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Timoptic, others Timolol eye drops are sold under the brand names Timoptic and Istalol among others.
AHFS/Drugs.com	Maleate Monograph; eent Monograph
MedlinePlus	a684029
核准狀況	美 DailyMed: Timolol;
懷孕分級	澳: C ; ;
给药途径	口服给药, 局用（英语：Ophthalmic drug administration） (眼藥水)
藥物類別（英语：Drug class）	Β受体阻滞剂
ATC碼	C07AA06 (WHO) S01ED01 C07BA06 C07DA06; Combination: S01ED51;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	加：处方药（℞-only）; 英：处方药（℞-only） (POM); 美：处方药（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	60%
药物代谢	肝臟 (80%, 主要 CYP2D6)
藥效起始時間（英语：Onset of action）	15–30 分鐘
生物半衰期	2.5–5 小時
作用時間	24 小時
排泄途徑	腎
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 (S)-1-(tert-Butylamino)-3-[(4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol; ;
CAS号	26839-75-8
PubChem CID	33624;
IUPHAR/BPS	565;
DrugBank	DB00373 ;
ChemSpider	31013 ;
UNII	5JKY92S7BR;
KEGG	D08600 ; as salt: D00603 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:9599 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL499 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID4023674 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.043.651
化学信息
化学式	C13H24N4O3S
摩尔质量	316.42 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
	SMILES CC(C)(C)NCC(O)COc1nsnc1N1CCOCC1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C13H24N4O3S/c1-13(2,3)14-8-10(18)9-20-12-11(15-21-16-12)17-4-6-19-7-5-17/h10,14,18H,4-9H2,1-3H3/t10-/m0/s1 ; Key:BLJRIMJGRPQVNF-JTQLQIEISA-N ;

噻嗎洛爾是一种口服或眼藥水药物^[5] ^[7]。作为眼药水，它可治疗眼压升高，如：高眼壓症（英语：Ocular hypertension）和青光眼^[5]。口服時治疗高血壓、心绞痛、预防心肌梗死后的覆發及预防偏頭痛^[7]。

眼药水的常见副作用是眼睛发炎^[5]。口服常见副作用包括疲倦、心跳过缓、瘙痒和呼吸困难^[7]。其他副作用包括使糖尿病患者的低血糖症状變的不明顯^[5]。不建议哮喘、心臟衰竭或慢性阻塞性肺病患者使用^[5]。孕期使用的婴儿安全性还不清楚^[8]。噻嗎洛爾是一种非选择性Β受体阻滞剂^[5]。

噻嗎洛爾于 1968 年获得专利，于 1978 年起於医疗上使用^[9]。名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单^[10]。已有學名药流通於市^[5]。2017 年，名列美国最常用处方药第 146 名，处方超过 400 万张^[11] ^[12]。

参考文獻

^ Timolol. Drugs.com. [28 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于7 March 2016）.
^ Generic Istalol Availability. Drugs.com. [20 June 2019].
^ Istalol. Drugs.com. 1 August 2018 [19 July 2019].
^ Product monograph brand safety updates. Health Canada. February 2024 [24 March 2024].
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 ^5.8 Timolol eent. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于28 December 2016）.
^ Volotinen M, Turpeinen M, Tolonen A, Uusitalo J, Mäenpää J, Pelkonen O. Timolol metabolism in human liver microsomes is mediated principally by CYP2D6. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. July 2007, 35 (7): 1135–1141. PMID 17431033. S2CID 794764. doi:10.1124/dmd.106.012906.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Timolol Maleate. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacistsarchivedate=28 December 2016. （原始内容存档于2016-12-28）.
^ Timolol ophthalmic Use During Pregnancy. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [28 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于28 December 2016）.
^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 460 [28 December 2016]. ISBN 9783527607495. （原始内容存档于2016-12-28）.
^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于18 March 2020）.
^ Timolol - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于8 July 2020）.

External links

眼用噻嗎洛爾. MedlinePlus.

[genericnames-1] Timolol. Drugs.com. [28 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于7 March 2016）.

[2] Generic Istalol Availability. Drugs.com. [20 June 2019].

[Istalol-3] Istalol. Drugs.com. 1 August 2018 [19 July 2019].

[4] Product monograph brand safety updates. Health Canada. February 2024 [24 March 2024].

[AHFS2016Eye-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 ^5.8 Timolol eent. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于28 December 2016）.

[6] Volotinen M, Turpeinen M, Tolonen A, Uusitalo J, Mäenpää J, Pelkonen O. Timolol metabolism in human liver microsomes is mediated principally by CYP2D6. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. July 2007, 35 (7): 1135–1141. PMID 17431033. S2CID 794764. doi:10.1124/dmd.106.012906.

[AHFS2016PO-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Timolol Maleate. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacistsarchivedate=28 December 2016. （原始内容存档于2016-12-28）.

[8] Timolol ophthalmic Use During Pregnancy. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [28 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于28 December 2016）.

[Fis2006-9] Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 460 [28 December 2016]. ISBN 9783527607495. （原始内容存档于2016-12-28）.

[WHO21st-10] World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[ref-11] The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于18 March 2020）.

[ref1-12] Timolol - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于8 July 2020）.

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