南非于2023年12月29日对以色列提起诉讼，正式名称为《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》在加沙地带的适用（南非诉以色列）（英語：Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel)）[1]，指以色列涉嫌违反1948年《防止及懲治危害種族罪公約》和国际法中有关加薩走廊巴勒斯坦人的义务。南非提交的起訴書指控“以色列在长达75年的种族隔离、对巴勒斯坦领土长达56年的占领以及對加薩長達16年的封锁[2][3]。”南非已请求国际法院（ICJ）采取临时保护措施[4][5]。
哈马斯发动阿克薩洪水行動后，以色列开始轰炸加薩走廊，引發以色列—哈馬斯戰爭，一些巴勒斯坦人表示担心報應行为将被以色列合理化對巴勒斯坦人的種族滅絕[15]。哈马斯发动袭击后，以色列總理內塔尼亞胡曾兩度發表過「勿忘聖經中亞瑪力人的惡行」的言論，亞瑪力人是聖經中猶太人的宿敵，聖經撒母耳記上15:3撒母耳說道：「現在你要去擊打亞瑪力人、滅盡他們所有的、不可憐惜他們、將男女、孩童、喫奶的、並牛、羊、駱駝、和驢盡行殺死[16]。」以色列軍士兵亦響應內塔尼亞胡，他們熱烈地邊跳舞邊高唱「殺掉亞瑪力後裔」和「沒有無辜的平民」的行為被拍下並公開到抖音上[17]；以色列国防部长约夫·加兰特表示，“我们正在与人類動物作戰，我们正在采取相应行动”（We are fighting human animals, and we are acting accordingly）[18]。以色列農業部長阿维·迪希特（Avi Dichter）在12频道上呼吁將这场战争將演變成“加薩走廊的大災難（Nakba）” [19]；另一位利库德集团的國會议员阿里尔·卡尔纳（Ariel Kallner）在社交媒体上写道，“一个目标：大災難！这场大災難将超過1948年的大災難。加薩的大災難，以及任何敢於混攪於其中的人的大災難（one goal：Nakba! A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of [1948]. Nakba in Gaza and Nakba to anyone who dares to join）[20]。以色列大屠杀历史学家奥马尔·巴托夫警告说，以色列高官的言论“很容易被解读为表明具有种族灭绝意图”[21]。
^Maupas, Stéphanie. Israel-Hamas war: South Africa brings 'genocide' case before international courts. Le Monde.fr. 2024-01-01 [2024-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-06）. 'Long years of apartheid'... The South African lawyers have relied on UN reports, reports by Palestinian journalists and research by NGOs, because Israel prevents the international press from entering the Gaza Strip, as well as investigators from the International Criminal Court and the UN Human Rights Commission. They added that this genocide is committed "against a background of apartheid, expulsion, ethnic cleansing, annexation, occupation, discrimination and ongoing denial of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination."
^Powell, Anita. South Africa to Take Israel to Top UN Court on Genocide Claim in Gaza. Voice of America. 2024-01-05 [2024-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-06）. In the court application, South Africa argues that the treatment of Palestinians also bears strong resemblance to South Africa's own racially motivated apartheid regime, which ended in 1994 with Mandela's election. "It is important," the submission reads, "to place the acts of genocide in the broader context of Israel's conduct towards Palestinians during its 75-year-long apartheid, its 56-year-long belligerent occupation of Palestinian territory and its 16-year-long blockade of Gaza, including the serious and ongoing violations of international law associated therewith, including grave breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention, and other war crimes and crimes against humanity."
^The request for provisional measures is made under Article 74 of the Rules of the Court （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, which states that "A request for the indication of provisional measures shall have priority over all other cases."
