八调

八调希臘語ἡ Ὀκτώηχος),由希腊语ὀκτώ(Octo-八)和ἦχος(Echos-音、调式)两个词组成,是一组由八个调式组成的礼仪圣歌系统。[1]八调最初发源于公元九世纪的君士坦丁堡斯图狄奥斯修道院和巴勒斯坦的玛尔萨巴,八世纪晚期至九世纪早期来自巴勒斯坦地区的希腊文羊皮纸和西奈山手稿最早提到了八调[2]。目前仍在不同礼仪的东方基督教会中被使用着。类似于西方教会的曲调,两者的旋律都遵从圣城八调的模式。然而,天主教的曲调仅仅是调式的分类,东方教会的八调自身就是在周日时辰礼仪上咏唱的圣歌。

分类

拜占庭八调 教会斯拉夫八调 希腊八音 卡洛琳八调
第一调式(ἦχος πρῶτος) 第一调式(гласъ а.) 多利安调英语Dorian mode Tonus primus / Authentus protus
第二调式(ἦχος δεύτερος) 第二调式(гласъ в.) 佛里吉亚调英语Phrygian mode Tonus tertius / Authentus deuterus
第三调式(ἦχος τρίτος) 第三调式(гласъ г.) 吕底亚调英语Lydian mode Tonus quintus / Authentus tritus
第四调式(ἦχος τέταρτος) 第四调式(гласъ д.) 米索利地安调 Tonus septimus / Authentus tetrardus
变格第一调式 (ἦχος πλάγιος τοῦ πρώτου) 第五调式(гласъ є.) 下多利安调英语Hypodorian mode Tonus secundus / Plagis proti
变格第二调式 (ἦχος πλάγιος τοῦ δευτέρου) 第六调式 (гласъ ѕ.) 下佛里吉亚调英语Hypophrygian mode Tonus quartus / Plagis deuteri
重调 (ἦχος βαρύς) 第七调式(гласъ з.) 下吕底亚调英语Hypolydian mode Tonus sextus / Plagis triti
变格第四调 (ἦχος πλάγιος τοῦ τετάρτου) 第八调式(гласъ и.) 下米索利地安调英语Hypomixolydian mode Tonus octavus / Plagis tetrardi

南部斯拉夫人使用拜占庭音乐系统,但使用教会斯拉夫语表示调式。[3]

参考来源

  1. ^ Khoury, Bishop Demetri. A Cloud of Witnesses: Saints and Martyrs from the Holy Land. AuthorHouse. 2008: 640. ISBN 9781434394408. 
  2. ^ Brubaker, Leslie; Cunningham, Mary (编). The Cult of the Mother of God in Byzantium: Texts and Images. Ashgate Publishing. 2011: 119. ISBN 9780754662662. 
  3. ^ Восточно Церковно Пѣнiе – Часть 1 – Воскресникъ, 阿索斯山, 奥斯曼帝国: 佐格拉夫修道院 Monastery, 1904 

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