Фонологизация

Фонологиза́ция (фонематиза́ция[1]) — род диахронических процессов дивергенции[2][3] в языке: процесс возникновения и усиления новой фонологической оппозиции посредством превращения позиционно обусловленных аллофонов в самостоятельные фонемы[4]. При этом аллофоны выходят из состояния дополнительного распределения, то есть начинают встречаться в одинаковой позиции.

Примером может служить фонологизация оппозиции /k/ : /č/ в славянских языках. После первой палатализации данные звуки оставались позиционными вариантами ([k] встречался перед гласными заднего, [č] — переднего ряда). Однако после перехода *ē > ā (*krīkētī > krīčātī, рус. кричать) позиция перед /a/ стала сильной и /k/ и /č/ стали самостоятельными фонемами[4].

Фонологизация противопоставлена дефонологизации — утрате фонологической оппозиции, а также трансфонологизации — смене различающего фонемы дифференциального признака[4].

Источники

Источниками фонологизации могут являться[4]:

  • конвергенция с аллофоном другой фонемы (к примеру, в истории русского языка оппозиция /k/ : /č/ была усилена конвергенцией [č] как результата первой палатализации и [č] как результата йотации *t + j > č);
  • морфонологизация — закрепление новой фонемы за теми или иными морфологическими позициями;
  • заимствование значимых единиц, содержащих новую фонему.

Примечания

  1. Ахманова О. С. Фонологизация // Словарь лингвистических терминов. — Изд. 4-е, стереотипное. — М.: КомКнига, 2007. — 576 с. — 2500 экз. — ISBN 978-5-484-00932-9.
  2. Дивергенция (в лингвистике) — статья из Большой советской энциклопедии
  3. Дивергенция // Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь / Главный редактор В. Н. Ярцева. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. — 685 с. — ISBN 5-85270-031-2.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Фонологизация // Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь / Главный редактор В. Н. Ярцева. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. — 685 с. — ISBN 5-85270-031-2.

Read other articles:

Protest in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, on March 21, 2011, against the American military intervention in Libya Beginning on March 19, 2011, and continuing through the 2011 military intervention in Libya, anti-war protests against military intervention in Libya were held in many cities worldwide. March 2011 Brazil According to an article by Fabíola Ortiz on March 25 on the online magazine Upside Down World, two small protests were organized in Brazil against the decision for military i…

1939 treaty between Germany and Latvia Signing of German–Estonian and German-Latvian nonaggression pacts. Sitting from the left: Vilhelms Munters, Latvian MFA, Joachim von Ribbentrop, German MFA; Karl Selter, Estonian MFA. The German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact was signed in Berlin on June 7, 1939. In light of the German advance in the east, the Soviet government demanded an Anglo-French guarantee of the independence of the Baltic states during the negotiations for an alliance with the Weste…

Kitchen utensil Butcher block in modern American kitchen A circular chopping block used in a restaurant in Haikou, Hainan, China A butcher block or butcher's block is a heavy duty chopping block, typically laminated of hardwood. Traditionally made of hard maple, it was commonly used in butcher shops and meat processing plants but has now become popular in home use.[1][2] The term “butcher block” can also refer to the pattern or style of a traditional block adapted to other fu…

Voce principale: Unione Sportiva Alessandria 1912. Alessandria Unione SportivaStagione 1949-1950Sport calcio Squadra Alessandria Allenatore Albert Flatley Presidente Mario Moccagatta Serie B18º posto (retrocessa) Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Giorcelli (39) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Rawcliffe (18) 1948-1949 1950-1951 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa pagina raccoglie i dati riguardanti l'Alessandria Unione Sportiva nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 1949-1950. Indice…

Голубянки Самец голубянки икар Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ПервичноротыеБез ранга:ЛиняющиеБез ранга:PanarthropodaТип:ЧленистоногиеПодтип:ТрахейнодышащиеНадкласс:ШестиногиеКласс:Н…

John McDonnell FieldLocation10 S. Razorback Rd.Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701Coordinates36°03′47″N 94°10′46″W / 36.06306°N 94.17944°W / 36.06306; -94.17944OwnerUniversity of ArkansasCapacity7,000 (10,000 with temporary seating)ConstructionRenovated2006TenantsUniversity of Arkansas Track (NCAA) John McDonnell Field is the outdoor track facility at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and is home to the Arkansas Razorbacks. The field is named afte…

Clemson-class destroyer USS Peary (DD-226) in the early 1920s History United States NameUSS Peary NamesakeRobert Edwin Peary BuilderWilliam Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia Yard number492 Laid down9 September 1919 Launched6 April 1920 Sponsored byMrs. Edward Stafford Commissioned22 October 1920 Stricken8 May 1942 Honors andawards1 battle star (World War II) FateSunk in battle, 19 February 1942 General characteristics Class and typeClemson-class destroyer Displacement1190 tons Length314 ft 4&#…

For other uses, see Blech (disambiguation). A copper blech covers the lit burners on a stovetop, keeping food warm for the Shabbos meal. A blech (from the Yiddish word בלעך (blekh) meaning tin or sheet metal, alternatively from Middle High German or Standard German Blech, meaning tin or sheet metal) is a metal sheet used by many observant Jews to cover stovetop burners (and for some, the cooker's knobs and dials) on Shabbos (the Jewish Sabbath), as part of the precautions taken to avoid viol…

Russian breed of livestock guardian dog Dog breedCaucasian Shepherd DogOther namesCaucasian Mountain DogCaucasian OvcharkaCaucasian OwtcharkaCaucasian SheepdogKavkazskaïa OvtcharkaOriginCaucasusTraitsHeight Males preferred 72–75 cm (28–30 in)minimum 68 cm (27 in) Females preferred 67–70 cm (26–28 in)minimum 64 cm (25 in) Weight Males minimum 50 kg (110 lb) Females minimum 45 kg (100 lb) Coat straight, coarse, stand-off coat wit…

American fisheries biologist Robert J. BehnkeBorn(1929-12-30)December 30, 1929Stamford, ConnecticutDiedSeptember 13, 2013(2013-09-13) (aged 83)[2]Fort Collins, ColoradoOther namesDr. Trout, The Trout DoctorAlma materUniversity of Connecticut, University of California, BerkeleySpouseSally MartinScientific careerFieldsFisheries Biologist, ConservationistInstitutionsU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Colorado State UniversityDoctoral advisorA. Starker Leopold[1]Other…

Google's Android Tablet computer This article is about the Google Android device. For Philip K. Dick's fictional Nexus-9 androids, see Replicant. Nexus 9Also known asVolantis or FlounderDeveloperGoogle, HTCManufacturerHTCProduct familyGoogle NexusTypeTablet computerRelease dateNovember 3, 2014Introductory price16 GB: US$399 32 GB: US$479DiscontinuedMay 26, 2016 (2016-05-26)[1]Operating systemOriginal: Android 5.0 LollipopLast: Android 7.1.1 NougatSystem on a chip…

Italian stock exchange Borsa ItalianaThe Palazzo Mezzanotte with Il Dito in frontTypeStock exchangeLocationMilan, ItalyFounded1808; 216 years ago (1808)OwnerEuronext[1]Key peopleClaudia Parzani (chairperson)Fabrizio Testa (CEO)CurrencyEURNo. of listings353Market cap€2.37 trillion ($2.96 trillion) (2017)[2]Volume€609 billionIndicesFTSE MIBFTSE Italia All-ShareFTSE Italia Mid CapFTSE Italia Small CapFTSE AIM ItaliaWebsitewww.borsaitaliana.it Bor…

SMK Negeri 3 BandungSekolah Menengah Ekonomi Atas Negeri 2 BandungInformasiDidirikan1960JenisNegeriAkreditasi Kompetensi Keahlian Multimedia (A) Kompetensi Keahlian Usaha Perjalanan Wisata/UPW (A) Bisnis Daring Pemasaran (A) Otomatisasi dan Tata Kelola Perkantoran (A) Akuntansi dan Keuangan Lembaga (A) Manajemen Logistik (4 Tahun) Nomor Statistik Sekolah0341026013008Nomor Pokok Sekolah Nasional20219145Jurusan atau peminatan Kompetensi Keahlian Multimedia Kompetensi Keahlian Usaha Perjalanan Wisa…

ManumutinKelurahanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiNusa Tenggara TimurKabupatenBeluKecamatanAtambuaKode Kemendagri53.04.12.1003 Kode BPS5306060011 Manumutin merupakan salah satu kelurahan yang berada di kecamatan Atambua, Kabupaten Kabupaten Belu, provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia lbsKota Atambua, Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara TimurIbukota Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara TimurKecamatan Kota Atambua Atambua Barat Atambua Selatan Kelurahan Umanen Tulamalae Berdao Beirafu Atambua Kota Tenukiik Manu…

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati del Centro-Valle della Loira è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Joué-lès-Tourscomune (dettagli) Joué-lès-Tours – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Centro-Valle della Loira Dipartimento Indre e Loira ArrondissementTours CantoneJoué-lès-Tours TerritorioCoordinate47°21′N 0°40′E47°21′N, 0°40′E (Joué-lès-Tours) Altitudine44-96 m s.l.m. Superficie32,4…

النطاق الأعلى في ترميز الدولة (بالإنجليزية: Country code top-level domain - ccTLD)‏ هو نطاق إنترنت الذي يتبع دولة أو منطقة معينة. تركيب النطاق يتركب اسم النطاق الأعلى في ترميز الدولة من نقطة وبعدها حرفين مأخوذان من كود أيزو 3166-1 وأيزو 3166-2.[1] لائحة أسماء النطاقات العليا في ترميز الدول الصف…

2009 Norwegian parliamentary election ← 2005 13 and 14 September 2009 2013 → All 169 seats in the Storting85 seats needed for a majority   First party Second party Third party   Leader Jens Stoltenberg Siv Jensen Erna Solberg Party Labour Progress Conservative Last election 32.69%, 61 seats 22.06%, 38 seats 14.10%, 23 seats Seats won 64 41 30 Seat change 3 3 7 Popular vote 949,060 614,724 462,465 Percentage 35.37% 22.91% 17.23% Swing 2.68pp 0.8…

Launch of the TEXUS 50 sounding rocket from the rocket launch site Esrange, Kiruna The Mobile Rocket Base (German: Mobile Raketenbasis), abbreviated MORABA, is a department of the DLR Space Operations and Astronaut Training in Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich. Since the 1960s, the MORABA has performed scientific high altitude research missions with unmanned rockets and balloons, and has developed the required mechanical and electrical systems. Their operational areas include upper atmosphere researc…

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento scrittori italiani non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Marcello Fois Marcello Fois (Nuoro, 20 gennaio 1960) è uno scrittore, commediografo e sceneggiatore italiano. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Opere 2.1 Narrativa 2.1.1 In inglese 2.1.2 In francese 2.2 Saggistica 2.3 …

American politician This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (October 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (October 2018) (Learn how and when …