RAF Habbaniyya

Mappa dell'Iraq durante la Seconda guerra mondiale

RAF Habbaniya, originariamente RAF Dhibban, era la base aerea della RAF stanziata a 55 km a ovest di Baghdad, presso la cittadina di al-Ḥabbāniyya in arabo ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺎﻧﻴـة?), nelle cui vicinanze si estende l'omonimo lago.

Fu operativa dalla fine degli anni trenta alla fine degli anni cinquanta, allorché il Regno Unito ritirò le proprie forze armate dall'Iraq che aveva acquistato la sua piena indipendenza dal 1958.[1]

Storia

Il 1º maggio 1938 la base aerea della RAF di Dhibban fu chiamata RAF Habbaniya. Essa funzionò come importante scuola di addestramento al volo nel corso della II guerra mondiale ma anche come aeroporto di transito per aerei da trasporto. Durante la Guerra anglo-irachena del 1941, all'epoca in cui era Primo Ministro in Iraq Rashid Ali al-Kaylani, la base fu assediata dalle forze armate irachene, che si dislocarono nella pianura circostante. L'assedio fu contrastato dalle unità militari terrestri ed aeree basate ad al-Habbāniyya, inclusi i piloti della scuola di addestramento, da un battaglione del King's Own Royal Regiment, dal RAF Regiment e da arruolati iracheni. L'arrivo di una colonna di soccorso (Kingcol), parte della Habforce inviata dalla Palestina, allora sotto Mandato britannico, unitamente alle unità di al-Ḥabbāniyya, obbligarono gli iracheni a ritirarsi su Baghdad. Più tardi, sempre nel corso della II guerra mondiale, al-Ḥabbāniyya divenne un importante snodo lungo la rotta aerea che univa il Regno Unito all'Unione Sovietica sua alleata. La British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) mantenne un regolare servizio passeggeri, via Nordafrica e Vicino Oriente, usando aerei da trasporto Consolidated B-24 Liberator.

Alla fine degli anni trenta, le Imperial Airways istituirono una postazione di transito sul lago di Ḥabbāniyya per idrovolanti dal Regno Unito all'India britannica. Il lago provvedeva al necessario ammaraggio in un'area altrimenti quasi del tutto stepposa. Dopo la II guerra mondiale, la BOAC non riattivò tale servizio e la RAF acquisì le costruzioni alberghiere che esistevano sul bordo del lago per impiegarle come centro di riposo e ricreazione dei militari della base.

Fra le Unità dislocate nella base di al-Ḥabbāniyya nelle varie epoche vi furono:- la Scuola di addestramento al volo n. 4; l'unità di manutenzione n. 115; l'unità di segnalazione n. 123; l'unità di segnalazione n. 276; gli Squadroni n. 8, 30, 70, 84, 244, 249, 683; 2 Squadroni blindati; il 1º Battaglione King's Own Royal Regiment.

Nel corso della guerra in Iraq, lanciata da George W. Bush e Tony Blair nel 2003, l'antica base britannica è stata usata dalle forze armate statunitensi e dal neo-costituito esercito iracheno come base operativa avanzata e da essa sono state lanciate operazioni di combattimento contro i dintorni di Falluja e di Ramadi.

Unità e aeroplani

Note

  1. ^ In realtà l'Iraq divenne ufficialmente indipendente già nel 1930 ma i condizionamenti della ex-Potenza mandataria - che aveva mantenuto vari privilegi incompatibili con lo status di nazione indipendente, tra cui l'obbligo di ospitare proprio la base aerea di al-Ḥabbāniyya - furono tali che si può parlare di compiuta indipendenza solo dal momento in cui il 14 luglio 1958 fu portato a segno il cruento colpo di Stato del gen. Abd al-Karim Qasim (noto in Occidente come Kassem) che rovesciò la monarchia hascemita e proclamò la repubblica.

Bibliografia

  • G. G. Jefford, RAF Squadrons, second edition 2001, Airlife Publishing, UK, ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
  • Ray Sturtivant, Flying Training And Support Units since 1912, 2007, Air-Britain, UK, ISBN 978-0-85130-365-9.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • RAF Habbaniya Association, su habbaniya.org. URL consultato il 24 febbraio 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 12 ottobre 2017).

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