Lingua norn

Disambiguazione – "Norn" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando le norne, vedi Norne.
Norn
Norn
Parlato inIsole Shetland, Isole Orcadi e Caithness
Periodo1850
Locutori
Classificaestinta
Tassonomia
FilogenesiLingue indoeuropee
 Lingue germaniche
  Lingue germaniche settentrionali
   Lingua norn
Codici di classificazione
ISO 639-3nrn (EN)
Linguist Listnrn (EN)
Glottologoldn1246 (EN)
Linguasphere52-AAA-ac
Estratto in lingua
Il Padre Nostro
(Shetland) Fy vor or er i Chimeri. Halaght vara nam dit. La Konungdum din cumma. La vill din vera guerde i vrildin sindaeri chimeri. Gav vus dagh u dagloght brau. Forgive sindorwara sin vi forgiva gem ao sinda gainst wus. Lia wus ikè o vera tempa, but delivra wus fro adlu idlu. For do i ir Kongungdum, u puri, u glori, Amen.

(Orcadi) Favor i ir i chimrie, Helleur ir i nam thite, gilla cosdum thite cumma, veya thine mota vara gort o yurn sinna gort i chimrie, ga vus da on da dalight brow vora. Firgive vus sinna vora sin vee Firgive sindara mutha vus, lyv vus ye i tumtation, min delivera vus fro olt ilt, Amen.

Lingue parlate in Scozia nel XV secolo, carta basata sull'origine dei toponimi. In arancio il norn, in giallo l'inglese/scots e in blu il gaelico scozzese.

La lingua norn era una lingua germanica settentrionale parlata nelle isole Shetland e Orcadi al largo della Scozia ed estintasi nel 1850.

Storia

Il linguista faroese Jakob Jakobsen studiò il faroese e il norn delle Shetland e delle Orcadi.

Parlata dagli antichi vichinghi che si trasferirono nelle isole sopraelencate, e nel nord della Scozia, molti aspetti e parole di questa lingua si possono trovare nello scots o in alcuni dialetti presenti nelle zone in cui era parlato il norn.

Il norn si estinse nel 1850 con la morte di Walter Sutherland, abitante del villaggio scozzese di Skaw; il linguista faroese Jakob Jakobsen (1864-1918) scrisse sul norn:

«Ancora nel 1600 la conoscenza della lingua inglese era molto scarsa nelle Shetland, perché, secondo il "Fasti Ecclesiae Scotticanae", Magnus, soprannominato "Norsk", pastore di Unst (la più settentrionale delle isole), fece un viaggio in Norvegia per imparare la lingua parlata lì, perché la comunità locale non capiva che la lingua norrena. [...] Il norn delle Shetland era ancora una lingua viva a metà del XVIII secolo [...] Anche nel tardo XVIII secolo, canzoni e ballate in norn sopravvivevano nella bocca della gente comune. [...] In molte parti delle Shetland, Foula e soprattutto le Isole del Nord, l'attuale generazione di anziani ricorda i propri nonni parlare una lingua che difficilmente si riusciva a capire, e che si chiamava norn o norreno. [...] Perfino nel 1894, a Foula c'erano persone che potevo ripetere frasi in norn, come io stesso ho avuto l'opportunità di ascoltare. L'ultimo uomo a Unst che si dice avesse la capacità di parlare il norn, Walter Sutherland di Skaw, è morto intorno al 1850. A Foula, d'altra parte, uomini che sono vissuti molto oltre la metà di questo secolo si dice che fossero in grado di parlare norn.»

Esempi

Padre Nostro:[3]

Favor i ir i chimrie, / Helleur ir i nam thite,
gilla cosdum thite cumma, / veya thine mota vara gort
o yurn sinna gort i chimrie, / ga vus da on da dalight brow vora
Firgive vus sinna vora / sin vee Firgive sindara mutha vus,
lyv vus ye i tumtation, / min delivera vus fro olt ilt.
Amen.
Fyvor or er i Chimeri. / Halaght vara nam dit.
La Konungdum din cumma. / La vill din vera guerde
i vrildin sindaeri chimeri. / Gav vus dagh u dagloght brau.
Forgive sindorwara / sin vi forgiva gem ao sinda gainst wus.
Lia wus ikè o vera tempa, / but delivra wus fro adlu idlu.
[For do i ir Kongungdum, u puri, u glori.] Amen.
Faþer vár es ert í himenríki, / verði nafn þitt hæilagt
Til kome ríke þitt, / værði vili þin
sva a iarðu sem í himnum. / Gef oss í dag brauð vort dagligt
Ok fyr gefþu oss synþer órar, / sem vér fyr gefom þeim er viþ oss hafa misgert
Leiðd oss eigi í freistni, / heldr leys þv oss frá ollu illu.
Amen.
Faðir vár, tú sum ert í himlinum. / Heilagt verði navnið títt.
Komi ríkið títt. / Verði vilji tín,
so sum á himli, so á jørð. / Gev okkum í dag okkara dagliga breyð.
Fyrigev okkum syndir okkara, / so sum vit eisini fyrigeva teimum, ið móti okkum synda.
Leið okkum ikki í freistingar, / men frels okkum frá tí illa.
[Tí at títt er ríkið, valdið og heiðurin um aldur og allar ævir.] Amen.
Faðir vor, þú sem ert á himnum. / Helgist þitt nafn,
til komi þitt ríki, / verði þinn vilji,
svo á jörðu sem á himni. / Gef oss í dag vort daglegt brauð.
Fyrirgef oss vorar skuldir, / svo sem vér og fyrirgefum vorum skuldunautum.
Og eigi leið þú oss í freistni, / heldur frelsa oss frá illu.
[Því að þitt er ríkið, mátturinn og dýrðin að eilífu.] Amen.
Fader vår, du som er i himmelen! / Lat namnet ditt helgast.
Lat riket ditt koma. / Lat viljen din råda
på jorda så som i himmelen. / Gjev oss i dag vårt daglege brød.
Forlat vår skuld, / som vi òg forlèt våre skuldmenn.
Før oss ikkje ut i freisting, / men frels oss frå det vonde.
[For riket er ditt, og makta og æra i all æve.] Amen.

Frasi in norn

Guðen dag - Buongiorno
Hvarleðes hever du dað? - Come stai?
Eg hev dað gott, takk, og du? - Bene, grazie tu?
Hvat heder du? - Come ti chiami?
Eg hedi ... - Mi chiamo ...
Hvaðan ert du? - Da dove vieni?
Eg er ur Hjetlandi - Vengo dalle Shetland

Note

Bibliografia

  • Barnes, Michael P. "Orkney and Shetland Norn". In Language in the British Isles, ed. Peter Trudgill, 352-66. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
  • Jakobsen, Jakob. An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland. 2 vols. Londra/Copenaghen: David Nutt/Vilhelm Prior, 1928-32 (reprinted 1985).
  • Low, George. A Tour through the Islands of Orkney and Schetland. Kirkwall: William Peace, 1879.
  • Marwick, Hugh. The Orkney Norn. London: Oxford University Press, 1929.
  • Rendboe, Laurits. "The Lord's Prayer in Orkney and Shetland Norn 1-2". North-Western European Language Evolution 14 (1989): 77-112 and 15 (1990): 49-111.
  • Wallace, James. An Account of the Islands of Orkney. London: Jacob Tonson, 1700.

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