Dialetti della lingua tedesca

I dialetti della lingua tedesca si dividono in due gruppi fondamentali:

  1. dialetti derivati dall'alto tedesco antico (Althochdeutsch) che nel corso del VI secolo hanno subito la seconda rotazione consonantica;
  2. altri dialetti derivati dalle lingue germaniche che non hanno partecipato al fenomeno linguistico di cui sopra o vi hanno partecipato solo in parte e genericamente definiti "basso-tedesco" (Niederdeutsch).

Dialetti derivati dall'alto-tedesco antico

I dialetti del tedesco superiore

Tedesco superiore (Oberdeutsch)

  1. bavarese (Bairisch)
    • bavarese meridionale (Südbairisch) parlato anche dalla comunità tedescofona dell'Alto Adige, dove presenta la particolarità di includere alcuni termini propri del lessico italiano.
    • bavarese centrale o danubiano (Mittelbairisch o Donaubairisch).
      • salisburghese (Salzburgisch), parlato a Salisburgo
    • bavarese settentrionale (Nordbairisch o Oberpfälzerisch).
  2. svevo-alemanno (Schwäbisch-Alemannisch)

In Svizzera si parlano diverse varianti dialettali del tedesco superiore; infatti mentre la lingua scritta è di solito il tedesco standard, nella lingua parlata si usa spesso una variante dialettale nota come svizzero-tedesco (Schweizerdeutsch). Gruppi di parlanti dialetti del tedesco superiore si trovano anche in Brasile e in Venezuela.

Tedesco centrale (o mediano, Mitteldeutsch)

I dialetti del tedesco centrale
  1. tedesco centrale occidentale (Westmitteldeutsch)
    • francone centrale (Mittelfränkisch)
    • francone del Reno (Rheinfränkisch)
      • ostlothringisch
      • francone renano meridionale
      • nordpfälzisch
      • palatino occidentale
      • palatino orientale
      • starkenburgisch
      • saarbrückisch
    • assiano centrale (Mittelhessisch)
    • Nordhessisch
    • assiano orientale (Osthessisch)
  2. tedesco centrale orientale (Ostmitteldeutsch)

Il Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch viene parlato in Brasile e in Argentina. L'Unserdeutsch è una lingua creola basata sul tedesco centrale orientale, parlata da un ristretto numero di persone in Papua Nuova Guinea e quasi estinta.

Dialetti del basso-tedesco

I dialetti del basso-tedesco
  1. Westniederdeutsch
    • Nederlands Nedersaksisch
    • basso sassone settentrionale (Nordniedersächsisch)
    • westfalico (Westfälisch)
    • ostfalico (Ostfälisch)
  2. Ostniederdeutsch
    • Meclemburghese-pomerano occidentale (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch)
    • brandeburghese (Brandenburgisch)
      • Mittelpommersch
    • pomerano orientale (Ostpommersch; variante parlata anche in Brasile da immigrati tedeschi)
    • basso prussiano (Niederpreußisch)

Dialetti basso franconi

Alcuni linguisti fanno ricadere nella categoria dei dialetti di lingua tedesca anche i dialetti parlati nei Paesi Bassi e nel Belgio in quanto la lingua neerlandese è strettamente imparentata con il tedesco.

  1. basso francone (Niederfränkisch)

Il limburghese, una lingua riconosciuta dai Paesi Bassi, è ritenuto dai linguisti tedeschi una variante del basso francone, mentre per i linguisti olandesi e belgi è una variante del "tedesco centrale occidentale".

Note


Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Genealogia dei dialetti tedeschi (in inglese)
  • Lingue europee minoritarie (in inglese)
  • https://www.serve.com/shea/germusa/dialects.htm[collegamento interrotto] (in inglese)
  • Tutto sui dialetti tedeschi (in italiano)
  • (DE) Piantina con i dialetti del tedesco superiore e centrale, su germa83.uni-trier.de. URL consultato il 6 luglio 2005 (archiviato dall'url originale il 16 dicembre 2005).
  • (DE) Sammlung Schweizerdeutscher Dialektwörter und -begriffe, gestartet 01.01.2000 und laufend ergänzt durch Tipps von Internet Lesern [1] - Dizionario Schweizerdeutsch-Tedesco e Tedesco-Schweizerdeutsch

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