Timeline of Cambridge

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cambridge, England.

Prior to 16th century

• 973 – Market active[1]
• c. 1000–50 – St Bene't's Church built
• 1068 – Cambridge Castle erected
• 1101 – Town incorporated[2]
• c. 1130 – Holy Sepulchre church built
• 1144 – Cambridge is sacked by Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex[3]: 75 [4]
• 1154 – Cambridge fair active[1]
• 1200 – Charter granted[5]
• 1209 – University of Cambridge established by scholars from Oxford[6]
• 1211 – Stourbridge fair first recorded
• 1213 – Hervey FitzEustace, first recorded mayor[7]
• c. 1215 – Richard of Wetheringsett, first Chancellor of the University of Cambridge[8]
• 1231 – The University is recognised by a writ of authority over its townspeople from Henry III[9]
• 1233 – A letter from Pope Gregory IX grants privileges to the University's scholars[10]
• 1261 – Cambridge academics attempt to set up a university of Northampton, suppressed by the Crown in 1265[11]
• 1266 – Raided by Barons who had been disinherited after the Battle of Evesham, and the murder of the Jews in the town[3]: 75 
• 1275 – Expulsion of the town's Jews by Queen Dowager Eleanor of Provence[3]: 82 
• 1284 – University's Peterhouse college founded[12]
• 1326 – Clare College founded[13]
• 1347 – Pembroke College founded[12]
• 1348 – Gonville and Caius College founded[13]
• 1350 – Trinity Hall college founded[13]
• 1352 – Corpus Christi College founded[13]
• 1381 – Disorder during the Peasants' Revolt[3]: 75 
• 1416 – University Library exists by this date
• 1441 – King's College founded[13]
• 1446 – Foundation stone of King's College Chapel laid
• 1448 – Queens' College founded[13]
• 1473 – St. Catherine College founded[13]
• 1496 – Jesus College founded[13]

16th-18th centuries

Map of Cambridge, 1574

Map of Cambridge, 1688

• 1505 – Christ's College founded[13]
• 1511 – St John's College established[12]
• 1515 – King's College Chapel fan vault completed
• 1521 – John Siberch is active as a printer, the earliest known here[14]
• 1525 – Robert Barnes gives probably the first openly evangelical sermon in an English church, at St Edward King and Martyr
• 1534 – University Press granted a royal charter
• 1542 – Magdalene College founded
• 1546 – Trinity College founded[12]
• 1556 – John Hullier burned as a Protestant on Jesus Green
• 1584 – Emmanuel College founded[13]
• 1595 – Sidney Sussex College founded[13]
• 1614 – Hobson's Conduit completed
• 1615 – Perse School founded
• 1638 – Cambridge, Massachusetts named[15]
• 1640
  • Clare College Bridge completed
  • Oliver Cromwell elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge[16]
• 1643 – Some bridges pulled down by Cromwell's forces
• 1667 – Eagle and Child pub in business
• 1695 – Wren Library at Trinity College completed
• 1730 – University's Senate House completed
• 1744 – Cambridge Journal and Weekly Flying Post begins publication[17]
• 1747 – Shire-hall built[2]
• 1749 – Mathematical Bridge first built at Queens' College
• 1762 – Cambridge Chronicle newspaper begins publication[18]
• 1766 – Addenbrooke's Hospital founded
• 1784 – Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge established[19]
• 1793
  • Cambridge Intelligencer newspaper begins publication[17]
  • Cambridge Quarters composed for new clock of the Church of St Mary the Great

19th century

• 1800 – Downing College founded[13]
• 1815 – Cambridge Union founded as a student debating society
• 1816 – Fitzwilliam Museum founded
• 1817 – Cambridge Town Club (cricket club) formed^[citation needed]
• 1828
  • Bull Hotel in business
  • Cambridge University Boat Club founded
• 1829 – The Boat Race, rowed against Oxford, begins[12] (annual from 1856)
• 1831 – Bridge of Sighs built over the Cam at St John's College
• 1833 – The Pitt Building built in honour of William Pitt the Younger, an undergraduate of Pembroke College and Prime Minister, to house the printing and publishing offices of Cambridge University Press
• 1833 – Anatomy theatre attacked by a mob[20]
• 1839 – Cambridge Advertiser newspaper begins publication[21]
• 1840 – Cambridge Antiquarian Society founded
• 1841 – Cambridge's first post-reformation Roman Catholic church opens as St Andrew's Church
• 1845 – Eastern Counties Railway begins operating to Cambridge railway station[5]
• 1848 – Mill Road Cemetery established
• 1853 – Cambridge Water Company authorised by Cambridge University and Town Waterworks Act
• 1854 – Deighton, Bell & Co. booksellers in business[22]
• 1855–6 – Following provision of a piped water supply, the Hobson's Conduit fountain from the market place is moved to form a memorial
• 1858 – Cambridge School of Art founded
• 1869 – Girton College for women founded[12]
• 1871
  • Newnham College for women founded
  • Universities Tests Act removes restrictions which have previously limited access to the ancient universities to members of the Church of England (although Propaganda Fide at this time discourages attendance by Catholics)[23]
• 1874 – Cavendish Laboratory completed
• 1876 – W. Heffer bookseller begins business as a stationer
• 1880
  • Cambridge Street Tramways begin operation
  • St Radegund pub built on part of the site of the Garrick Hotel
• 1881 – Ridley Hall and Westcott House theological colleges founded
• 1883 – Footlights student amateur dramatic club founded
• 1884 – Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology founded
• 1888 – Cambridge Daily News begins publication[24]
• 1890
  • Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church consecrated
  • Victoria Bridge opened to improve access to the city from Chesterton
• 1894 – Homerton College, a Congregationalist teacher training college, moves to Cambridge
• 1895 – Roman Catholics are permitted by their hierarchy to attend the ancient universities[23]
• 1896
  • St Edmund's House is established primarily as a hall of residence for Catholic students, utilising the former premises of Ayerst Hostel
  • Pye Ltd established as scientific instrument makers by W. G. Pye
• 1897 – Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria[25]
• 1899 – Westminster College, a Presbyterian theological college, moves to Cambridge

20th century

• 1901 – Population: 38,379[26]
• 1908 – Cambridge Town F.C. formed[27]
• 1912
  • Cambridge United F.C. established as Abbey United
  • University's Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences opens
• 1914 – Cambridge Street Tramways cease operation
• 1918 – First Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols held at King's College[28]
• c 1921 – Fitzbillies bakery opened by Ernest and Arthur Mason in Trumpington Street
• 1922 – War Memorial unveiled[29]
• 1923 – Jesus Green Swimming Pool opens
• 1926 – Fen Causeway officially opened
• 1928 – Cambridge Preservation Society founded[30]
• 1934 – New University Library completed
• 1938 – Cambridge Airport opens
• 1939 – London educational institutions evacuated to Cambridge: Queen Mary College to King's College (until 1945); London Hospital Medical College (until 1943) and The Bartlett (until 1945) to St Catharine's College; SOAS to Christ's College; London School of Economics to Peterhouse (until 1945); Bedford College to Newnham College (until 1944); and Barts to Queens' College (until 1946)[31]
• 1948 – First women admitted to study for full academic degrees in the University but have no associated privileges[32]
• 1949
  • University's Cambridge Bibliographical Society founded[33]
  • University of Cambridge's Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator begins operating
• 1951 – City charter granted[34]
• 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson from the Cavendish Laboratory enter The Eagle, Cambridge, for a pub lunch announcing "We have discovered the secret of life"[35]
• 1954 – Murray Edwards College for women founded as New Hall
• 1956 – Kettle's Yard established by Jim Ede
• 1957 – Twinned with Heidelberg
• 1958 – Churchill College established
• 1958–9 – Silver Street Bridge built
• 1960
  • Garret Hostel Bridge built
  • Cambridge Consultants founded
• 1962 – Addenbrooke's Hospital begins to move from Trumpington Street to its south Cambridge site
• 1964
  • Darwin College for graduates founded
  • Cambridge Folk Festival begins
• 1965
  • Lucy Cavendish College for mature women founded
  • Wolfson College for mature students founded as University College
• 1966
  • Clare Hall for graduates established
  • Fitzwilliam College chartered as a college
• 1970
  • February: Garden House riot
  • Heffer's open a flagship bookshop in Trinity Street
• 1971 – Elizabeth Way Bridge opened
• 1972
  • Three previously all-male colleges of the University admit women undergraduates
  • Cambridge Theological Federation formed[36]
• 1974
  • First Strawberry Fair held[37]
  • First Cambridge Beer Festival held
• 1975 – University's Cambridge Science Park founded[12]
• 1976
  • Sancton Wood School founded
  • First Andy's Records store opened in Mill Road
• 1977 – Robinson College founded
• 1984 – Addenbrooke's Hospital treats its last patient at its Trumpington Street site
• 1986 – St Edmund's House is renamed St Edmund's College
• 1989 – Cambridge Fun Run (footrace) begins
• 1990
  • Royal Greenwich Observatory relocated to Cambridge from Herstmonceux Castle
  • ARM Holdings established as Advanced RISC Machines Ltd
• 1992 – Anglia Ruskin University is established as a public university
• 1998
  • Abcam established
  • St Edmund's College is granted a royal charter confirming its full collegiate status

21st century

• 2003 – University's Centre for Mathematical Sciences completed in West Cambridge
• 2006
  • Local Plan 2006 (town planning) adopted[38][39]
  • Cambridge International School established
• 2007 – The Centre for Computing History is established
• 2008
  • New Hall renamed Murray Edwards College
  • Riverside Bridge opens[40]
• 2009 – Anne Jarvis becomes first woman University Librarian of the University of Cambridge
• 2010 – Homerton College chartered as a full college of the University of Cambridge
• 2011 – Phase One of the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway opens[41]
• 2013 – North West Cambridge development planned
• 2016 – New global headquarters for AstraZeneca projected for completion on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus
• 2017 – Cambridge North railway station opens[42]
• 2019
  • Sonita Alleyne becomes the first black woman elected as head of an Oxbridge college, Master of Jesus
  • The Royal Papworth Hospital relocates to the Cambridge Biomedical Campus

See also

• History of Cambridge
• History of University of Cambridge
• History of Cambridgeshire

References

1. Samantha Letters (2005), "Cambridgeshire", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History
2. Edmund Carter (1753). "Cambridge (town)". History of the County of Cambridge. Cambridge.
3. Alison Taylor, "Cambridge, the hidden history", (Tempus: 1999) ISBN 0752414364
4. Round, J. Horace (1893). "Mandeville, Geoffrey de" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 36. pp. 22–23.
5. George Henry Townsend (1867), "Cambridge", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
6. "Middle Ages". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
7. "Mayoral history". Cambridge City Council. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
8. "Wetheringsett [Wethersett], Richard of [Richard of Leicester] (fl. c.1200–c.1230)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29148. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
9. Close Rolls.
10. Zutshi, Patrick (2012). "The Dispersal of Scholars from Oxford and the Beginnings of a University at Cambridge: A Study of the Sources". The English Historical Review. 127 (528): 1041–1062. doi:10.1093/ehr/ces209. JSTOR 23272738. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
11. Lawrence, C. H. (1984). "The University in State and Church". In Aston, T. H.; Catto, J. I. (eds.). The History of the University of Oxford. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
12. "Timeline: Cambridge through the Centuries". About the University. University of Cambridge. 28 January 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
13. A.W. Holland, ed. (1904), "Cambridge Colleges and Halls", Oxford & Cambridge Yearbook, vol. 2: Cambridge, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.
14. Charles Edward Sayle, ed. (1902). "English Provinces: Cambridge". Early English Printed Books in the University Library, Cambridge (1475 to 1640). Vol. 2: English Provincial Presses. Cambridge University Press. hdl:2027/njp.32101041573732. (chronological list)
15. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambridge (Massachusetts)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–97.
16. "Cambridge history". Archived from the original on 19 June 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
17. Murphy, M. J. (1972). "Newspapers and Opinion in Cambridge, 1780–1850". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 6 (1): 35–55. JSTOR 41154513.
18. Cooper, Charles Henry (c. 1845). Annals of Cambridge. Vol. 4: 1688–1853. Cambridge: University Press.
19. Paul Kaufman (1967). "The Community Library: A Chapter in English Social History". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 57 (7): 1–67. doi:10.2307/1006043. JSTOR 1006043.
20. Hurren, Elizabeth T. (2 May 2002). "Patients' rights: from Alder Hey to the Nuremberg Code". History & Policy. London; Cambridge. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
21. "Cambridge". Newspaper Press Directory. London: Charles Mitchell. 1847.
22. Jonathan R. Topham (1998). "Two Centuries of Cambridge Publishing and Bookselling: a Brief History of Deighton, Bell and Co., 1778–1998". Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society. 11. JSTOR 41154875.
23. Evenett, H. O. (1950). "Catholics and the Universities, 1850–1950". In Beck, George Andrew (ed.). The English Catholics, 1850–1950. London: Burns Oates.
24. "Cambridge (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
25. Elizabeth Hammerton & David Cannadine (1981). "Conflict and Consensus on a Ceremonial Occasion: The Diamond Jubilee in Cambridge in 1897". Historical Journal. 24 (1): 111–146. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00008050. JSTOR 2638907. S2CID 159497291.
26. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambridge (England)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–96.
27. "Cambridge City FC's farewell to Milton Road". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
28. Nine lessons and carols: History of the service, King's College Chapel, archived from the original on 15 March 2008, retrieved 9 March 2008.
29. K. S. Inglis (1992). "The Homecoming: The War Memorial Movement in Cambridge, England". Journal of Contemporary History. 27 (4): 583–605. doi:10.1177/002200949202700402. JSTOR 260943. S2CID 159578581.
30. "Cambridge Past, Present & Future" (PDF). Cambridgeshire Association for Local History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
31. Woodward, Sarah (21 April 2023). "City of refuge". Cam (98). Retrieved 29 April 2023.
32. "Fact sheet: Women at Cambridge: A Chronology". University of Cambridge. 2010. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
33. "Cambridge Bibliographical Society". Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
34. "The city of Cambridge – Modern history | A History of the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely: Volume 3: The City and University of Cambridge (1959)". 1959. pp. 15–29. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
35. Watson, James (1968). The Double Helix.
36. "Origins". Cambridge Theological Federation. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
37. Elliott, Chris (3 June 2017). "Four decades of Strawberry Fair". Cambridge News. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
38. "How it could have been". Cambridgeshire: Local History. BBC. February 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
39. "Local Plan 2006". Cambridge City Council. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
40. "Riverside foot and cycle bridge". Cambridgeshire County Council. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
41. "Cambridgeshire guided busway opens to passengers". BBC News Online. 7 August 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
42. "Delayed £50m Cambridge North railway station opens". BBC Cambridgeshire. BBC. 21 May 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

Further reading

• Cambridge by M.A.R. Tuker in multiple formats at gutenberg.org
• Cantabrigia depicta. A concise and accurate description of the university and town of Cambridge, and its environs. Cambridge: W. Thurlbourn & J. Woodyer. 1763.

Published in the 19th century

1800s-1840s

• Robert Watt (1824). "Cambridge". Bibliotheca Britannica. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: A. Constable. hdl:2027/nyp.33433089888832. OCLC 961753.
• David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Cambridge". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
• Cambridge Guide. Cambridge: J. & J.J. Deighton. 1837.
• Charles Henry Cooper (1842–1908), Annals of Cambridge, Cambridge: University Press, OL 7034095M
  • v.2
  • v.3
  • v.5, 1850-1856
• John Le Keux; Thomas Wright; Harry Longueville Jones (1847), Memorials of Cambridge, London: David Bogue, OL 7020615M + v.2
• Samuel Lewis (1848), "Cambridge", Topographical Dictionary of England (7th ed.), London: S. Lewis and Co.

1850s-1890s

• "Cambridge". Slater's Royal National and Commercial Directory and Topography of the Counties of Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Norfolk, Oxfordshire, and Suffolk. London: Isaac Slater. 1850.
• Pictorial Guide to Cambridge. Cambridge: John Hatt. 1853.
• George Measom (1865), "Cambridge", Official Illustrated Guide to the Great Eastern Railway, London: C. Griffin and Co.
• New Cambridge guide. Cambridge: W. Metcalfe. 1868.
• "Cambridge", Handbook for Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Cambridgeshire (2nd ed.), London: J. Murray, 1875
• Spalding's street and general directory of Cambridge, 1878
• John Parker Anderson (1881), "Cambridgeshire: Cambridge", Book of British Topography: a Classified Catalogue of the Topographical Works in the Library of the British Museum Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, London: W. Satchell
• George Murray Humphry (1890). Guide to Cambridge: the town, university and colleges. Cambridge: Spalding.
• Thomas Dinham Atkinson (1897), Cambridge described and illustrated, London: Macmillan, OL 7049287M
• Charles Gross (1897). "Cambridge". Bibliography of British Municipal History. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.

Published in the 20th century

1900s-1940s

• Barwell, Noel (1910), Cambridge, Blackie & Son Limited
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambridge (England)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–96.
• Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "Cambridge". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd.
• Arthur Gray (1908), The dual origin of the town of Cambridge, Cambridge: Cambridge Antiquarian Society, OCLC 14031217, OL 14005338M
• Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cambridge", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
• John Willis Clark (1916), Concise Guide to the Town and University of Cambridge (5th ed.), Cambridge: Bowes and Bowes, OL 23290297M
• Mildred Anna Rosalie Tuker (1922), Cambridge, London: A. and C. Black, OL 7159514M
• Edward Godfrey Cox (1949). "Cambridge and Oxford". Reference Guide to the Literature of Travel. Vol. 3: Great Britain. Seattle: University of Washington. hdl:2027/mdp.39015049531448 – via Hathi Trust.

1950s-1990s

• J.P.C. Roach, ed. (1959), "City and University of Cambridge", History of the County of Cambridgeshire, Victoria County History, vol. 3, University of London, Institute of Historical Research
• Jeremy C. Mitchell & James Cornford (1977). "The Political Demography of Cambridge 1832–1868". Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies. 9 (3): 242–272. doi:10.2307/4048348. JSTOR 4048348.
• Nigel Goose (1980). "Household Size and Structure in Early-Stuart Cambridge". Social History. 5 (3): 347–385. doi:10.1080/03071028008567485. JSTOR 4285009.
• James E. Bradley (1984). "Religion and Reform at the Polls: Nonconformity in Cambridge Politics, 1774–1784". Journal of British Studies. 23 (2): 55–78. doi:10.1086/385818. JSTOR 175427. S2CID 144581227.
• R.B. Dobson (1990–1992). "The Jews of Medieval Cambridge". Jewish Historical Studies. 32: 1–24. JSTOR 29779882.
• Nick Mansfield (1993). "Grads and Snobs: John Brown, Town and Gown in Early Nineteenth-Century Cambridge". History Workshop (35): 184–198. JSTOR 4289213.
• "Daytrips from London: Cambridge". London. Let's Go. 1993. p. 225+. ISBN 9780312082420.
• Nicola Morrison (1998). "The compact city: theory versus practice – the case of Cambridge". Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 13 (2): 157–179. doi:10.1007/BF02497227. JSTOR 41107742. S2CID 154424423.
• Wilkinson, Patrick, (1981) Le Keux's Engravings of Victorian Cambridge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) ISBN 9780521303507

External links

• "Cambridgeshire", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester. Includes digitized directories of Cambridge, various dates
• Digital Public Library of America. Works related to Cambridge, various dates

52.205°N 0.119°E / 52.205; 0.119