Sara Seager

Not to be confused with Sarah Seager.

Sara Seager OC
Seager at a 2016 conference
Born	(1971-07-21) 21 July 1971 (age 53)[3] Toronto, Ontario, Canada[4]
Nationality	Canadian–American
Citizenship	Canada–United States[3]
Education	University of Toronto (BSc) Harvard University (PhD)
Known for	Search for extrasolar planets
Spouse	Charles Darrow
Children	2
Awards	Order of Canada (2020, Officer) MacArthur Fellowship (2013) Helen B. Warner Prize (2007) Harvard Book Prize in Astronomy (2004) NSERC Science and Technology Fellowship (1990–1994)
Scientific career
Fields	Astronomy Planetary science
Institutions	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2007–) Carnegie Institution of Washington (2002–2006) Institute for Advanced Study (1999–2002)
Thesis	Extrasolar giant planets under strong stellar irradiation (1999)
Doctoral advisor	Dimitar Sasselov[1][2]
Website	seagerexoplanets.mit.edu

External videos
Sara Seager, “The search for planets beyond our solar system”, TED2015
“Space Experts Discuss the Search for Life in the Universe at NASA”, NASA 2014
“Sara Seager ”, Origins 2011

Sara Seager OC (born 21 July 1971) is a Canadian-American astronomer and planetary scientist.[4] She is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is known for her work on extrasolar planets and their atmospheres. She is the author of two textbooks on these topics,[5][6] and has been recognized for her research by Popular Science,[7] Discover Magazine,[8] Nature,[9] and TIME Magazine.[10] Seager was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2013 citing her theoretical work on detecting chemical signatures on exoplanet atmospheres and developing low-cost space observatories to observe planetary transits.[11]

Background

Seager was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and is Jewish.[4][12][13] Her father, David Seager, who lost his hair when he was 19 years old, was a pioneer and one of the world's leaders in hair transplantation and the founder of the Seager Hair Transplant Center in Toronto.[4][14]

She earned her BSc degree in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Toronto in 1994, assisted by a NSERC University Undergraduate Student Research Award, and a PhD in astronomy from Harvard University in 1999. Her doctoral thesis developed theoretical models of atmospheres on extrasolar planets and was supervised by Dimitar Sasselov.[1][2][15]

She held a postdoctoral research fellow position at the Institute for Advanced Study between 1999 and 2002 and a senior research staff member at the Carnegie Institution of Washington until 2006. She joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in January 2007 as an associate professor in both physics and planetary science, was granted tenure in July 2007,[16] and was elevated to full professor in July 2010.[17] She currently holds the "Class of 1941" chair.[3]

She was elected a Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society in 2020.[18]

She is married to Charles Darrow and they have two sons from her first marriage. Her first spouse, Michael Wevrick, died of cancer in 2011.[19][20]

Academic research

Seager talking about exoplanets

Seager's research has been primarily directed toward the discovery and analysis of exoplanets; in particular her work is centered around ostensibly rare earth analogs, leading NASA to dub her "an astronomical Indiana Jones."[21] Seager used the term "gas dwarf" for a high-mass super-Earth-type planet composed mainly of hydrogen and helium in an animation of one model of the exoplanet Gliese 581c. The term "gas dwarf" has also been used to refer to planets smaller than gas giants, with thick hydrogen and helium atmospheres.[22][23] Together with Marc Kuchner, Seager had predicted the existence of carbon planets.[24]

Seager has been the chair of the NASA Science and Technology Definition team for a proposed mission, "Starshade",[25] to launch a free-flying occulting disk, used to block the light from a distant star in order for a telescope to be able to resolve the (much dimmer) light from an accompanying exoplanet located in the habitable zone of the star.[26]

In years since 2020, Sara has been focusing on work related to Venus, with the potential discovery of phosphine, a biosignature gas, in the upper atmosphere.[27]

Seager equation

Seager developed a parallel version of the Drake equation to estimate the number of habitable planets in the Galaxy.[28] Instead of aliens with radio technology, Seager has revised the Drake equation to focus on simply the presence of any alien life detectable from Earth. The equation focuses on the search for planets with biosignature gases, gases produced by life that can accumulate in a planet atmosphere to levels that can be detected with remote space telescopes.[28]

${\displaystyle N=N^{*}F_{\text{Q}}F_{\text{HZ}}F_{\text{O}}F_{\text{L}}F_{\text{S}}}$

where:

• N = the number of planets with detectable signs of life
• N* = the number of stars observed
• F_Q = the fraction of stars that are quiet
• F_HZ = the fraction of stars with rocky planets in the habitable zone
• F_O = the fraction of stars with observable planets
• F_L = the fraction of planets that have life
• F_S = the fraction of life forms that produce planetary atmospheres with one or more detectable signature gases

Asteria Spacecraft

Seager was the principal investigator of the Asteria (Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research in Astrophysics) spacecraft,[29] a 6-U cubesat designed to do precision photometry to search for extrasolar planets, a collaborative project between MIT and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. ASTERIA was launched into low Earth orbit from the International Space Station on 20 November 2017, and successfully operated until its orbital decay on 24 April 2020.

Venus Life Finder

In 2020, Seager led a team proposing a mission Venus Life Finder,[30] a small spacecraft to investigate the possibility of life in the atmosphere of Venus.[31] The mission will be a privately funded spacecraft to be launched by Rocket Lab on the Electron rocket[32] with a target launch date of January 2025.

Honors and awards

Seager was awarded the 2012 Sackler Prize for "analysis of the atmospheres and internal compositions of extra-solar planets,"[33] the Helen B. Warner Prize from the American Astronomical Society in 2007 for developing "fundamental techniques for understanding, analyzing, and finding the atmospheres of extrasolar planets,"[34] and the 2004 Harvard Book Prize in Astronomy.[35] She was appointed as a fellow to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012 and elected to the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada as an honorary member in 2013.[3] In September 2013 she became a MacArthur Fellow.[36] She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.[37] She was the Elizabeth R. Laird Lecturer at Memorial University of Newfoundland in 2018.[38] On 19 August 2020 Seager appeared on the Lex Fridman Podcast (#116).[39]

In 2020, she was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada.[40] She won the 2020 Los Angeles Times Prize for Science and Technology for The Smallest Lights in the Universe.[41]

She was an honorary graduand at her alma mater, the University of Toronto Spring 2023 Convocation.[42]

In 2024, Seager was awarded the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics.[43]

Publications

Books

• Deming, Drake; Seager, Sara (2003). Deming, Drake; Seager, Sara (eds.). Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Planets. ASP Conference Proceedings (Volume 294). Vol. 294. San Francisco. Bibcode:2003ASPC..294.....D. ISBN 1-58381-141-9.
• Seager, Sara (2010). Exoplanet Atmospheres: Physical Processes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400835300.
• Seager, Sara (2010). Exoplanets. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-2945-2.
• Seager, Sara (2020). The Smallest Lights in the Universe: A Memoir. Crown. ISBN 978-0-5255-7625-9.

Journal articles

• Seager, S.; Sasselov, D. D. (2000). "Theoretical Transmission Spectra during Extrasolar Giant Planet Transits". The Astrophysical Journal. 537 (2): 916–921. arXiv:astro-ph/9912241. Bibcode:2000ApJ...537..916S. doi:10.1086/309088. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15900986.
• Seager, S.; Mallen-Ornelas, G. (2003). "A Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve". The Astrophysical Journal. 585 (2): 1038–1055. arXiv:astro-ph/0206228. Bibcode:2003ApJ...585.1038S. doi:10.1086/346105. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 14274640.
• Benjamin, Robert A.; Churchwell, E.; Babler, Brian L.; Bania, T. M.; Clemens, Dan P.; Cohen, Martin; Dickey, John M.; Indebetouw, Rémy; Jackson, James M.; Kobulnicky, Henry A.; Lazarian, Alex; Marston, A. P.; Mathis, John S.; Meade, Marilyn R.; Seager, Sara; Stolovy, S. R.; Watson, C.; Whitney, Barbara A.; Wolff, Michael J.; Wolfire, Mark G. (2003). "GLIMPSE. I. AnSIRTFLegacy Project to Map the Inner Galaxy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 115 (810): 953–964. arXiv:astro-ph/0306274. Bibcode:2003PASP..115..953B. doi:10.1086/376696. ISSN 0004-6280. S2CID 119510724.
• Deming, Drake; Seager, Sara; Richardson, L. Jeremy; Harrington, Joseph (2005). "Infrared radiation from an extrasolar planet". Nature. 434 (7034): 740–743. arXiv:astro-ph/0503554. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..740D. doi:10.1038/nature03507. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15785769. S2CID 4404769.
• Borucki, WJ; et al. (2010). "Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results" (PDF). Science. 327 (5968): 977–980. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..977B. doi:10.1126/science.1185402. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 20056856. S2CID 22858074.
• Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Basri, Gibor; Batalha, Natalie; Brown, Timothy M.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Caldwell, Douglas; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen; Cochran, William D.; Devore, Edna; Dunham, Edward W.; Gautier, Thomas N.; Geary, John C.; Gilliland, Ronald; Gould, Alan; Howell, Steve B.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Latham, David W.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Rowe, Jason; Sasselov, Dimitar; Boss, Alan; Charbonneau, David; Ciardi, David; Doyle, Laurance; Dupree, Andrea K.; Ford, Eric B.; Fortney, Jonathan; et al. (2011). "Characteristics of Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, II: Analysis of the First Four Months of Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 736 (1): 19. arXiv:1102.0541. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...19B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15233153.

See also

• List of women in leadership positions on astronomical instrumentation projects

References

1. Back to the thesis: Sara Seager on YouTube
2. Smith, Kerri; Baker, Noah (2016). "Back to the thesis: Late nights, typos, self-doubt and despair. Francis Collins, Sara Seager and Uta Frith dust off their theses, and reflect on what the PhD was like for them". Nature. 535 (7610): 22–25. Bibcode:2016Natur.535...22S. doi:10.1038/535022a. PMID 27383967.
3. "Curricula Vitae – Professor Sara Seager" (PDF). 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
4. Jones, Chris (7 December 2016). "The Woman Who Might Find Us Another Earth". The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
5. Seager, Sara (2010). Exoplanet Atmospheres: Physical Processes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400835300.
6. Seager, Sara (2010). Exoplanets. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-2945-2.
7. "The Fifth Annual Brilliant 10: Worms, planets, extra dimensions: just a few of the things that inspire the most creative young scientists of the year". Popular Science. 13 September 2006. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
8. Witman, Sarah; Grant, Andrew; Svoboda, Elizabeth (20 November 2008). "20 Best Brains Under 40: Young innovators are changing everything from theoretical mathematics to cancer therapy". Discover. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
9. Hand, Eric (21 December 2011). "Sara Seager: Planet seeker". Nature. 480 (7378): 437–45. doi:10.1038/480437a. PMID 22193082.
10. Bjerklie, David (2012). "The 25 Most Influential People in Space" (PDF). Time. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2013.
11. "MacArthur Fellows: Meet the Class of 2013: Sara Seager". MacArthur Foundation. 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
12. Cohen, Anne (27 September 2013). "Four Jews Win MacArthur 'Genius' Awards". The Forward. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
13. Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira (2014). American Jewish Year Book 2014: The Annual Record of the North American Jewish Communities. Springer. p. 868. ISBN 978-3-319-09623-0. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
14. Michael D. Lemonick (2012). Mirror Earth: The Search for Our Planet's Twin. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-8027-7902-1. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
15. Seager, Sara (1999). Extrasolar giant planets under strong stellar irradiation (PhD thesis). Harvard University. Bibcode:1999PhDT........18S. OCLC 43085140. ProQuest 304503987.
16. "MIT Corporation grants tenure to 50 faculty". MIT News Office. 14 November 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
17. "Corporation announces faculty promotions and appointments". MIT News Office. 29 December 2010. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
18. "AAS Fellows". American Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
19. Seager, Sara (14 January 2013). "So Many Exoplanets... So Few Women Scientists". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
20. "Obituary: Michael Wevrick". Ottawa Citizen. 13 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
21. Rodriguez, Joshua (3 October 2008). "On a quest for astronomy's holy grail". NASA. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
22. "Of Gas Dwarfs and Waterworlds". Celestia forum. 15 June 2004. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
23. "StarGen – Solar System Generator". 2003. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
24. "Exoplanet Interior Composition". Sara Seager. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
25. Kramer, Miriam (March 24, 2014). "Incredible Technology: Giant Starshade Could Help Find an Alien Earth", Space.com. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
26. Grossman, Lisa (25 September 2013). "NASA revives Starshade to let Earth-like worlds shine", New Scientist. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
27. Anderson, Paul Scott (2020). "Possible life signs in the clouds of Venus". EarthSky. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
28. Powell, Devin (4 September 2013). "The Drake Equation Revisited: Interview with Planet Hunter Sara Seager". Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
29. Seager, Sara (Jan/Feb. 2021). "My satellite would fit in a small suitcase. But it could help us find other worlds" (excerpt from book The Smallest Lights in the Universe (2020).) MIT News, pp. 12-17. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
30. "Venus Life Finder Mission Study" (PDF). Venus Cloud Life. MIT. 10 December 2021. pp. 15–23. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
31. ""Newer, nimbler, faster:" Venus probe will search for signs of life in clouds of sulfuric acid". MIT. 10 December 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
32. "Rocket Lab Probe". Venus Cloud Life. MIT. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
33. "Sara Seager Named Co-Winner of the 2012 Sackler Prize". MIT News Office. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 4 April 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
34. "Helen B. Warner Prize". American Astronomical Society. 5 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
35. "Bok Prize Recipients". Harvard University Department of Astronomy. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
36. "Sara Seager: Astrophysicist | Class of 2013". MacArthur Foundation. 15 September 2013. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
37. "Election of New Members at the 2018 Spring Meeting". American Philosophical Society. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
38. Foss, Kelly (20 September 2018). "Holy Grail". Gazette – Memorial University of Newfoundland. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
39. "#116 – Sara Seager: Search for Planets and Life Outside Our Solar System". Lex Fridman. 16 August 2020. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
40. "Governor General Announces 114 New Appointments to the Order of Canada". Governor General of Canada. 27 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
41. Pineda, Dorany (17 April 2021). "Winners of the 2020 L.A. Times Book Prizes announced". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
42. "Spring 2023 Convocation". 15 June 2023.
43. "Home". www.kavliprize.org. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.

External links

• Official website
• Sara Seager at MIT
• Sara Seager at WNET
• Sara Seager at TED