Regina Manifesto

The Regina Manifesto was the programme of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and was adopted at the first national convention of the CCF held in Regina, Saskatchewan, in 1933.^[1] The primary^{[citation needed]} goal of the Regina Manifesto was to eradicate the system of capitalism^[2] and replace it with a planned socialist economy.^[3] The CCF was a Canadian democratic socialist party founded in 1932 by farmers, workers, and socialist groups against the backdrop of the Great Depression.^[4]

The manifesto was largely written by members of the League for Social Reconstruction, particularly Frank Underhill^[5] and F. R. Scott,^[6]^[7] and called for "a planned and socialized economy in which our natural resources and principal means of production and distribution are owned, controlled and operated by the people."^[8] Specifically it called for the nationalization of transportation, communications, electrical power and other services.^[9] It called for a planned economy and a national banking system that would be "removed from the control of private profit-seeking interests."^[10] It advocated the ability to organize in trade unions and called for a National Labour Code "to secure for the worker maximum income and leisure, insurance covering illness, accident, old age, and unemployment".^[11] The Regina Manifesto proposed social service programs such as publicly funded health care, supported peace, promoted co-operative enterprises,^[12] and vowed that "No C.C.F. Government will rest content until it has eradicated capitalism and put into operation the full programme of socialized planning which will lead to the establishment in Canada of the Cooperative Commonwealth."^[13]

The Regina Manifesto remained the CCF's official programme until 1956 when, in the face of the strong anti-communist sentiment of the Cold War, it was replaced by the more moderate Winnipeg Declaration^[14] which substituted Keynesian economics for socialist remedies.

References

Footnotes

^ Naylor 2004.
^ Horn 1973, p. 398.
^ Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1933, sec. 1.
^ Deshaies 2019, pp. 1, 4; Erickson 1988, p. 99.
^ Horn 1973, pp. 393–397.
^ Frank Underhill's Early Drafts of the Regina Manifesto 1933 Michiel Horn Canadian Historical Review 1973 54:4, 393-418
^ "On F.R. Scott: Essays on His Contributions to Law, Literature, and Politics · Canadian Book Review Annual Online". cbra.library.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
^ Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1933, preamble.
^ Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1933, sec. 3.
^ Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1933, sec. 1–2.
^ Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1933, sec. 7.
^ Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1933, sec. 6, 8, 10.
^ Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 1933, sec. 14.
^ Bonikowsky 2015.

Bibliography

Bonikowsky, Laura Neilson (2015). "Rise of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Toronto: Historica Canada. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (1933). "Regina Manifesto". Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. Retrieved 15 April 2021 – via Wikisource.
Deshaies, Charles A. (2019). The Rise and Decline of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Ontario and Quebec During World War II, 1939–1945 (PhD thesis). Orono, Maine: University of Maine. OCLC 1140507741. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
Erickson, Lynda (1988). "CCF-NDP Popularity and the Economy". Canadian Journal of Political Science. 21 (1): 99–116. doi:10.1017/S0008423900055633. ISSN 1744-9324. JSTOR 3228155.
Horn, Michiel (1973). "Frank Underhill's Early Drafts of the Regina Manifesto 1933". The Canadian Historical Review. 54 (4): 393–418. doi:10.3138/CHR-054-04-02. ISSN 1710-1093.
Naylor, James (2004). "Regina Manifesto". In Hallowell, Gerald (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Canadian History. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195415599.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-173515-8.