Phlyctaeniidae

Phlyctaeniidae Temporal range: Devonian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Artist's reconstruction of Cartieraspis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	†Placodermi
Order:	†Arthrodira
Clade:	†Phlyctaenioidei
Family:	†Phlyctaeniidae
Genera
See text

Phlyctaeniidae is an extinct family of placoderm arthrodire fishes that lived during the Devonian period, mainly in Norway and North America.

Classification

Order Arthrodira Woodward, 1891

• Phlyctaenioidei Miles, 1973
  • Brachythoraci Gross, 1932 - (includes the well-known Dunkleosteus, Dinichthys, etc.)
  • Williamsaspididae White, 1952
  • Groenlandaspididae Obruchev, 1964
  • Arctolepididae Heintz, 1937
  • Phlyctaeniidae Fowler, 1947
    • Aggeraspis Gross, 1962
    • Arctaspis Heintz, 1929
    • Arctolepis? Eastman, 1908 - (may instead belong to Arctolepididae)
    • Barwickosteus Young & Long, 2014
    • Cartieraspis Pageau, 1969
    • Diadsomaspis Gross, 1937
    • Dicksonosteus? Goujet, 1975 - (may not belong to Phlyctaeniidae)
    • Elegantaspis Heintz, 1929 - (may instead belong to trilobite genus Kazakhius)
    • Gaspeaspis Pageau, 1969
    • Grifftaylor Young & Long, 2014
    • Heintzosteus? Goujet, 1984 - (may instead belong to Arctolepididae)
    • Heterogaspis Strand, 1932
    • Huginaspis Heintz, 1929
    • Kolpaspis Pageau, 1969
    • Kueichowlepis Pan & Wang, 1975
    • Lyhoalepis Janvier, Tông-Dzuy & Doàn Nhât, 1994
    • Neophlyctaenius White, 1969
    • Pageauaspis Denison, 1978
    • Phlyctaenius Traquair, 1890
    • Prosphymaspis Gross, 1937
    • Stipatosteus Plax & Newman, 2020

Phylogeny

Phlyctaeniidae's placement within Arthrodira can be shown in the cladogram below:[1]

Eurycaraspis incilis Lunaspis broilii Arthrodira Yujiangolepis liujingensis Antarctaspis mcmurdoensis Wuttagoonaspidae Wuttagoonaspis fletcheri Yiminaspis shenme Aethaspis major Aethaspis utahensis Lehmanosteus hyperboreus Aleosteus eganensis Simblaspis cachensis Kujdanowiaspis buczacziensis Kujdanowiaspis podolica Erikaspis zychi Sigaspis lepidophora Eskimaspis heintzi Baringaspis dineleyi Proaethaspis ohioensis Anarthraspis chamberlini Heightingtonaspis anglica Phyllolepida Gavinaspis convergens Austrophyllolepis sp. Cowralepis mclachlani Phyllolepis orvini Placolepis budawangensis Actinolepidae Bollandaspis woschmidti Actinolepis spinosa Actinolepis magna Actinolepis tuberculata Bryantolepis brachycephalus Phlyctaenioidei Phlyctaeniidae Pageauaspis russelli Phlyctaenius acadicus Groenlandaspidae Groenlandaspis antarctica Tiaraspis subilis Arctaspidae Dicksonosteus arcticus Arctolepidae Arctolepis decipiens Heintzosteus brevis Brachythoraci Antineosteus lehmani Buchanosteus confertituberculatus Coccosteus cuspidatus

Actinolepidoidei Phlyctaeniina

References

1. Dupret, V.; Zhu, M. I. N.; Wang, J. N. Q. (2009). "The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 157: 70. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00519.x.