List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict

Below is a list of villages depopulated or destroyed during the Arab–Israeli conflict.

1880–1946

Arab villages

A number of these villages, those in the Jezreel Valley, were inhabited by tenants of land which was sold by a variety of owners, some local and others absentee landlord families, such as the Karkabi, Tueini, Farah and Khuri families and Sursock family of Lebanon. In some cases land was sold directly by local fellahim (peasant owners).^[1] The sale of land to Jewish organizations meant that tenant farmers were displaced.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

List of Palestinian villages from which tenant farmers were uprooted before 1948, with the cause of the uprooting (i.e., sale by landlord or some other cause) given along with the name of Jewish settlements on newly acquired land (in parentheses) can be seen below.

Safed district

al-Mutila, 1896 (Metula) Land, 12,800 dunams, sold under Ottoman law by landlord, a Christian from Sidon named Jabur Bey, to Baron de Rothschild's chief officer Joshua Ossovetski. Druze villagers displaced.^[8]^[9]
Difna, 1939 (Dafna)^{[citation needed]}
al-Manara, unknown date (Manara) 2538 dunams of land purchased by the Jewish National Fund from the landlord, Asa'ad Bey Khuri of Beirut.^[10]
Najmat as-Subah, unknown date (Ayelet HaShahar)^{[citation needed]}

Acre district

Ja'atoun, unknown date (Ga'aton)^{[citation needed]}
Khirbat Jiddin, 1946, other sources says 1948 (Yehiam)^{[citation needed]}

Tiberias district

Um al-Junah, unknown date (Degania Bet)^[11]
Malhamiyah, 1902 According to Edward Said, the Jewish farming village of Menahemia) was established in 1902 on land purchased by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1901; 3,000 dunams were purchased directly from local fellahim, 700 dunhams from local landlords, and over 60,000 dunams from landlords in Beirut; the Sursuq, Tuenis, and Mudawwar families. The Arab tenant farmers were evicted by Ottoman authorities.^[1]
Sha’arah, beginning of the 20th century (Omer Sha’ara, today Shadmot Dvora)^{[citation needed]}
Sarona, 1910 (Sharona)
Sarjuna, unknown date (Shorshim, today HaZor'im)^{[citation needed]}
Yammah, 1901 (Yavniel)^[11]

Nazareth district

Jabata, 1926 (Gvat)^[12]
Khunaifis, 1926 (Sarid)^[12]
Ganigar, Jinjar, Jenjar, Junjar, 1922, Ginegar,^[13]
Rab an-Nasrah, unknown date (Mazra)^{[citation needed]}
Tal al-’Adas, unknown date (Tel Adashim)^[14]
al-'Afoulah, 1925 (Afula)
al-Foulah, 1910 (Merhavia)
Mashah, 1902 (Kfar Tavor)^[11]
Samouniyah, unknown date (Shimron nature reserve, Timrat)^[15]
Umm Kubei, unknown date^[16]

Beisan district

Khirbat Bayt Ilfa, unknown date (Beit Alpha)^{[citation needed]}
Shatah, unknown date (Beit HaShita)
Tall al-Fir, 1922 (none)^{[citation needed]}
Jaloud, 1922 (Ein Harod)^{[citation needed]}
Zarra'a, Jewish National Fund bought the land in the 1930s, Tirat Tzvi established on the site in 1938^[17]
Jisr Majami^[18]^[19]

Haifa district

Jadroun, 1925 (Kfar Bialik)^{[citation needed]}
Kurdani, unknown date (Afek)^[20]
Kafr Ata, 1925 (Kfar Ata – today Kiryat Ata)
al-Majdal, 1925 (none)^{[citation needed]}
al-Harbaj, 1924 (Kfar Hasidim)^[21]
al-Harithiyah, 1924 (Sha'ar HaAmakim)^[21]
Tab’oun, unknown date (Tivon, today Kiryat Tivon)^[21]
Qusqous, unknown date (Alonim)^[21]
Jida, 1925 (Ramat Yishai)^[22]^[23]
Tal ash-Shamam, 1925 (Kfar Yehoshua)^[12]
Qamoun, 1925 (Yokneam)^{[citation needed]}
Ja’ara, unknown date (Ein HaShofet)^[24]^[25]
Um ad-Dafouf, unknown date (Dalia)^[26]^[27]
Um at-Tout, unknown date (none)^{[citation needed]}
Shifiyah, unknown date (Meir Shfeya)^[28]
Zamarin (Zikhron Ya'akov), 1948^[29] – Following Jewish settlement in 1882,^[30] Arabs continued to live and work in the community alongside Jews.^[31]^[32]^[33]
Um al-’Alaq, unknown date, (Ramat HaNadiv)^[34]
ash-Shounah, unknown date (none),^{[citation needed]} maybe identical to Khirbat al-Shuna destroyed in 1948
Zarghaniyah, unknown date (Binyamina)^{[citation needed]}
al-Buraij, unknown date (Binyamina)^{[citation needed]}
Natalah, unknown date (No data)^{[citation needed]}
Nazlah, unknown date (none)^{[citation needed]}
Safsaf, unknown date (none)^{[citation needed]}
Hadidun, unknown date (none)^{[citation needed]}
Karkour, unknown date (Ein Shemer, Gan HaShomron, Karkur, Tel Shalom)^{[citation needed]}
Bidous, unknown date (Maanit)^{[citation needed]}
Shaikh Hilw, unknown date (Nahliel, now part from Hadera)^{[citation needed]}
Zardarah, unknown date (Gan Shmuel)^{[citation needed]}
Baika, unknown date (Hadera)^{[citation needed]}
al-Marah, 1903 (Givat Ada)^{[citation needed]}
’Aabiyah, 1929 (Pardes Hanna)^{[citation needed]}
Sheikh Bureik Sold during the early 1920s, by the Sursuk family to the Jewish National Fund.^[35] The Arab tenants were evicted and in 1925 an agricultural settlement also named Sheikh Abreik was established there by the Hapoel HaMizrachi, a Zionist political party.^[36]

Tulkarm district

Shaikh Muhammad, unknown date (Elyashiv)

Jerusalem district

Beit Jimal

Ramla district

Kafr Wariyah, unknown date (Kfar Uria)^[37]
Jindas^[16] (Ginaton)

Jewish villages

1929 Palestine riots

During the 1929 Palestine riots:

1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine:

Kfar Shiloah^{[citation needed]}
Silwan Jewish population removed by the Kehillah Welfare Bureau and later the British authorities during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine^[39]^[40]^[41]^[42]
Kfar Etzion^{[citation needed]}
Hebron^{[citation needed]}

1948 Arab–Israeli War

Arab villages

Palestinian Arab residents were expelled from hundreds of towns and villages by the Israel Defense Forces, or fled in fear as the Israeli army advanced.^{[citation needed]} Around 400 Arab towns and villages were depopulated.

Jewish villages

The main Jewish areas depopulated in 1948 were the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem and the Gush Etzion. Approximately 30-40km² of land was owned by Jews in the areas which became the West Bank and Gaza Strip (approximately 6,000km²); some of this land was uninhabited.^[43]

In areas that became the West Bank

North Jerusalem bloc (Atarot and Neve Yaakov)^{[citation needed]}
Dead Sea block (Kalia and Beit HaArava)^{[citation needed]}
Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)^{[citation needed]}
Gush Etzion bloc^[44] near Jerusalem (Ein Tzurim, Kfar Etzion, Masuot Yitzhak, Revadim)

In areas that became Gaza Strip (All-Palestine protectorate)

Kfar Darom (resettled but evacuated as part of the Israeli disengagement from Gaza in 2005)

Israel-Syria border

Hauran ^{[citation needed]}

In Transjordan

Tel Or^{[citation needed]}

Many of these areas were repopulated after the Six-Day War.

Six-Day War

West Bank

Three Arab villages, Bayt Nuba, Imwas and Yalo, located in the Latrun Corridor were destroyed on the orders of Yitzhak Rabin due to the corridor's strategic location and route to Jerusalem and because of the residents' alleged aiding of Egyptian commandos in their attack on the city of Lod. The residents of the three villages were offered compensation but were not allowed to return.^[45]

Hebron/Bethlehem area^[46]

Jordan Valley^[46]

al-Jiftlik (depopulated but soon repopulated)
Agarith
Huseirat

Jerusalem area^[46]

Nabi Samwil

In the Negev/Sinai Desert

Auja al-Hafir – A demilitarized zone

Golan Heights

Over 100,000 Golan Heights residents were evacuated from about 25 villages whether on orders of the Syrian government or through fear of an attack by the Israeli Defense Forces and expulsion after the ceasefire.^[47] During the following months, more than a hundred Syrian villages were destroyed by Israel.^[48]

1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty

Israeli settlements

Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula were evacuated as a result of the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty.

Israel's unilateral disengagement plan

As a part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, 21 civilian Israeli settlements were forcibly evacuated, as well as an area in the northern West Bank containing four Israeli villages. The residential buildings were razed by Israel but public structures were left intact. The religious structures not removed by Israel were later destroyed by Palestinians.

Israeli settlements

In the Gaza Strip (all 21 settlements, as well as 1 Bedouin village):
Bedolah^{[citation needed]} Bnei Atzmon (Atzmona)^{[citation needed]} Dahaniyya (Bedouin)^[53] Dugit^{[citation needed]} Elei Sinai^{[citation needed]} Gadid^{[citation needed]} Gan Or^{[citation needed]}	Ganei Tal^{[citation needed]} Katif^{[citation needed]} Kfar Darom^{[citation needed]} Kfar Yam^{[citation needed]} Kerem Atzmona^{[citation needed]} Morag^{[citation needed]}	Neveh Dekalim^{[citation needed]} Netzarim^{[citation needed]} Netzer Hazani^{[citation needed]} Nisanit^{[citation needed]} Pe'at Sade^{[citation needed]} Rafiah Yam^{[citation needed]}	Slav^{[citation needed]} Shirat Hayam^{[citation needed]} Tel Katifa^{[citation needed]}
In the West Bank (4 settlements):
Kadim^{[citation needed]}	Ganim^{[citation needed]}	Homesh^{[citation needed]}	Sa-Nur^{[citation needed]}

Since 2005

On 5 November 2020, Israeli bulldozers demolished most of the village of Khirbet Humsa al-Fawqa and forced 73 of its Palestinian residents, including 41 children to leave in what was the largest demolition in years.^[54] On 4 February 2021, Israel razed for the second time because of what it claimed was an illegal settlement next to a military firing range.^[55] On 7 July 2021, it was demolished by Israel again for at least the third time.^[56]

In May 2023, the Israeli army destroyed the village of Ein Samiya, forcibly expelling 170 people.^[57]

References

^ ^a ^b Said and Hitchens, 2001, p. 217; notes 28, 29, on p. 232
^ Kenneth W. Stein, The Land Question in Palestine, 1917–1939, UNC Press Books, 1987 p.60. The Sursocks sold Jinujar, Tall al-Adas, Jabata, Khuneifis, Jeida, Harbaj, Harithiya, Affula, Shuna, Jidru, Majdal.
^ Barbara Jean Smith, The Roots of Separatism in Palestine: British Economic Policy, 1920–1929, Syracuse University Press, 1993 pp.96–97;
^ Mark A. Tessler, A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, Indiana University Press, 1994 p.177, writes 'The Sursock deal is known to have involved the eviction of about 8000 tenants "compensated" at three pounds ten shillings [about $17] a head.'
^ Huneidi and Khalidi, 2001, p. 223
^ Palestine Commission on the Disturbances of August 1929, H.M.S.O., 1930, vol.1 p.437:'The Sursock titles should have been looked into as was acknowledged by the government officials themselves.The transfer became an irregular one, if not an illegal one, because the peasants' claims were not satisfied.'
^ Henry Laurens, La Question de Palestine, vol.2 (Une mission sacrée de civilisation), Fayard, Paris, 2002 pp.143–148.
^ Benny Morris, Righteous Victims. First Vintage 2001 edition, p55.
^ Avneri, 1984, pp. 96-98
^ Avneri, 1984, p. 203
^ ^a ^b ^c Karmon, 1960, p. 167
^ ^a ^b ^c Moshe Dayan, cited in Rogan and Shlaim, 2001, p. 207
^ Grootkerk, 2000, pp. 280-1
^ Stein, 1987, p. 60
^ Karmon, 1960, p. 163
^ ^a ^b Khalidi, 1992, p. xix
^ Khalidi, 1992, pp. XIX-XX
^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Baisan, p. 31
^ Mills, 1932, p. 79
^ Pringle, 1997, p. 62
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Avneri, 1984, pp. 156-7
^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 14
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 49
^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 13
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 47
^ Avneri, 1984, p. 210, note #87, on p. 297
^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 158
^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. 34
^ Glazer, Steven (Summer 1980). "The Palestinian Exodus in 1948". Journal of Palestine Studies. 9 (4). doi:10.2307/2536126. JSTOR 2536126. Zionist efforts to convince the Arab population of Haifa and Zichron Ya'akov to stay were also made, in this case because Arab labour was seen as vital to maintaining the economies of these places.
^ Hadar, Alizia Rachel; Kaufman, Aubrey (1963). The Princess Elnasari. Heinemann. p. 146.
^ Shafir, Gershon. Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1882-1914. Cambridge University Press.
^ Segev, Tom (12 November 2020). A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion. Translated by Haim Watzman. Apollo. p. 78. ISBN 9-781789-544633.
^ "History and heritage". Visit Zichron Yaakov. Zichron Yaakov local council. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
^ Sandra Marlene Sufian and Mark LeVine (2007) Reapproaching Borders: New Perspectives on the Study of Israel–Palestine Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 0-7425-4639-X pp. 32
^ Avneri, 1984, p. 122
^ Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol 6, entry "Colonies, Agricultural", p. 287.
^ "(List of villages destroyed before 1948)רשימת הכפרים שנהרסו לפני 1948". Retrieved December 4, 2012.
^ Kark and Oren-Nordheim, 2001, p.319
^ Sylva M. Gelber, No Balm in Gilead: A Personal Retrospective of Mandate Days in Palestine, Carleton University/McGill University Press 1989 p.88.
^ Friedland, Roger; Hecht, Roger (2000). To Rule Jerusalem. University of California Press. p. 436. ISBN 978-0-520-22092-8.
^ Shragai, Nadav (January 4, 2004). "11 Jewish families move into J'lem neighborhood of Silwan". Haaretz.
^ Palestine Post, August 15, 1938, p. 2
^ Eyal Benvenisti and Eyal Zamir. “Private Claims to Property Rights in the Future Israeli-Palestinian Settlement” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 89, no. 2, 1995, pp. 298: "All in all, between thirty and forty square kilometers of land and several hundred buildings (primarily in the West Bank) owned by Israelis were located in the territories occupied by Jordan and Egypt. [Footnote: Some of the Jewish-owned lands in these areas were not inhabited, but most were. Some of the inhabitants had been forced to leave their property during the turbulence of the 1920s and 1930s, and most of them (several thousand, mainly from the Jewish quarter of Jerusalem and the Gush Etzion settlements south of Jerusalem) were displaced in the 1948 war. Yet, unlike the Palestinian refugees, these Jewish refugees were rehabilitated and resettled with the help of the Israeli authorities, which prevented the creation of a permanent problem.]"
^ History of the Etzion Bloc: The Siege and Fall Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Page 8 of 11
^ Oren, M.B. (2017). Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East. Random House Publishing Group. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-345-46431-6. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c UN Doc A/8389 Archived 2014-02-03 at the Wayback Machine of 5 October 1971
^ Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories Archived 2015-02-23 at the Wayback Machine (UN Doc A/8089) 5 October 1970
^ "The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages, 1965–1969" by Aron Shai (History & Memory - Volume 18, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2006, pp. 86–106)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Samman, Maha (26 June 2013). Trans-Colonial Urban Space in Palestine: Politics and Development. Routledge. ISBN 9781136668852.
^ Gorenberg, Gershom. Accidental Empire, p. 197–198
^ "The Last Class in Sinai". Haaretz.
^ Amira Hass (16 April 2012). "From Yamit to the Jordan Valley, the IDF continues to force Arabs from their homes". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
^ Collaborators fear for their lives as Palestinians prepare to reclaim Gaza 11 August 2005 www.theguardian.com accessed 17 July 2021
^ Israel demolishes most of Palestinian Bedouin village in West Bank 5 November 2020 www.abc.net.au accessed 18 April 2021
^ Israel begins razing Palestinian Bedouin village for second time 4 February 2021 www.nbc.com accessed 18 April 2021
^ Israel again tears down contested Palestinian hamlet in Jordan Valley 7 July 2021 www.timesofisrael.com accessed 14 July 2021
^ "Palestinian community forced to evacuate Ein Samia - UNOCHA". The Jerusalem Post. 2023-05-26. Retrieved 2023-05-26.

Bibliography

Avneri, Arieh L. (1984). The Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land-settlement and the Arabs, 1878–1948. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-87855-964-7.
Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
Grootkerk, Salomon E. (2000). Ancient sites in Galilee: a toponymic gazetteer (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11535-4.
Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
Huneidi, Sahar; Khalidi, W. (2001). A Broken Trust: Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians 1920-1925. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-172-5.
Kark, R.; Oren-Nordheim, Michal (2001). Jerusalem and its environs: quarters, neighborhoods, villages, 1800-1948 (Illustrated ed.). Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-2909-2.
Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
Pringle, D. (1997). Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological Gazetter. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521-46010-7.
Rogan, E.; Shlaim, A. (2001). The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79476-5.
Said, E.; Hitchens, C. (2001). Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question. Verso. p. 217. ISBN 1859843409. Retrieved 29 October 2014.

External links

UN map of the 1947 plan
The Destroyed Villages on Google Earth - Arab only Archived 2008-11-22 at the Wayback Machine

[Verso-1] Said and Hitchens, 2001, p. 217; notes 28, 29, on p. 232

[2] Kenneth W. Stein, The Land Question in Palestine, 1917–1939, UNC Press Books, 1987 p.60. The Sursocks sold Jinujar, Tall al-Adas, Jabata, Khuneifis, Jeida, Harbaj, Harithiya, Affula, Shuna, Jidru, Majdal.

[3] Barbara Jean Smith, The Roots of Separatism in Palestine: British Economic Policy, 1920–1929, Syracuse University Press, 1993 pp.96–97;

[4] Mark A. Tessler, A History of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, Indiana University Press, 1994 p.177, writes 'The Sursock deal is known to have involved the eviction of about 8000 tenants "compensated" at three pounds ten shillings [about $17] a head.'

[5] Huneidi and Khalidi, 2001, p. 223

[6] Palestine Commission on the Disturbances of August 1929, H.M.S.O., 1930, vol.1 p.437:'The Sursock titles should have been looked into as was acknowledged by the government officials themselves.The transfer became an irregular one, if not an illegal one, because the peasants' claims were not satisfied.'

[7] Henry Laurens, La Question de Palestine, vol.2 (Une mission sacrée de civilisation), Fayard, Paris, 2002 pp.143–148.

[8] Benny Morris, Righteous Victims. First Vintage 2001 edition, p55.

[Avneri-9] Avneri, 1984, pp. 96-98

[Avneri203-10] Avneri, 1984, p. 203

[Karmon167-11] Karmon, 1960, p. 167

[Dayan-12] Moshe Dayan, cited in Rogan and Shlaim, 2001, p. 207

[13] Grootkerk, 2000, pp. 280-1

[14] Stein, 1987, p. 60

[15] Karmon, 1960, p. 163

[KhalidiXIX-16] Khalidi, 1992, p. xix

[17] Khalidi, 1992, pp. XIX-XX

[Census1922a-18] Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Baisan, p. 31

[Census1931-19] Mills, 1932, p. 79

[20] Pringle, 1997, p. 62

[Avneri156-21] Avneri, 1984, pp. 156-7

[1945p14-22] Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 14

[Hadawip49-23] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 49

[1945p13-24] Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 13

[Hadawip47-25] Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 47

[Avnerip210-26] Avneri, 1984, p. 210, note #87, on p. 297

[Khalidip158-27] Khalidi, 1992, p. 158

[28] Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. 34

[29] Glazer, Steven (Summer 1980). "The Palestinian Exodus in 1948". Journal of Palestine Studies. 9 (4). doi:10.2307/2536126. JSTOR 2536126. Zionist efforts to convince the Arab population of Haifa and Zichron Ya'akov to stay were also made, in this case because Arab labour was seen as vital to maintaining the economies of these places.

[30] Hadar, Alizia Rachel; Kaufman, Aubrey (1963). The Princess Elnasari. Heinemann. p. 146.

[31] Shafir, Gershon. Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1882-1914. Cambridge University Press.

[32] Segev, Tom (12 November 2020). A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion. Translated by Haim Watzman. Apollo. p. 78. ISBN 9-781789-544633.

[33] "History and heritage". Visit Zichron Yaakov. Zichron Yaakov local council. Retrieved 2023-10-27.

[34] Sandra Marlene Sufian and Mark LeVine (2007) Reapproaching Borders: New Perspectives on the Study of Israel–Palestine Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 0-7425-4639-X pp. 32

[Avneri122-35] Avneri, 1984, p. 122

[36] Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol 6, entry "Colonies, Agricultural", p. 287.

[Kfarim-37] "(List of villages destroyed before 1948)רשימת הכפרים שנהרסו לפני 1948". Retrieved December 4, 2012.

[38] Kark and Oren-Nordheim, 2001, p.319

[39] Sylva M. Gelber, No Balm in Gilead: A Personal Retrospective of Mandate Days in Palestine, Carleton University/McGill University Press 1989 p.88.

[Friedland-40] Friedland, Roger; Hecht, Roger (2000). To Rule Jerusalem. University of California Press. p. 436. ISBN 978-0-520-22092-8.

[Shragai-41] Shragai, Nadav (January 4, 2004). "11 Jewish families move into J'lem neighborhood of Silwan". Haaretz.

[42] Palestine Post, August 15, 1938, p. 2

[43] Eyal Benvenisti and Eyal Zamir. “Private Claims to Property Rights in the Future Israeli-Palestinian Settlement” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 89, no. 2, 1995, pp. 298: "All in all, between thirty and forty square kilometers of land and several hundred buildings (primarily in the West Bank) owned by Israelis were located in the territories occupied by Jordan and Egypt. [Footnote: Some of the Jewish-owned lands in these areas were not inhabited, but most were. Some of the inhabitants had been forced to leave their property during the turbulence of the 1920s and 1930s, and most of them (several thousand, mainly from the Jewish quarter of Jerusalem and the Gush Etzion settlements south of Jerusalem) were displaced in the 1948 war. Yet, unlike the Palestinian refugees, these Jewish refugees were rehabilitated and resettled with the help of the Israeli authorities, which prevented the creation of a permanent problem.]"

[History_of_the_Etzion_Bloc:_The_Siege_and_Fall-44] History of the Etzion Bloc: The Siege and Fall Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine Page 8 of 11

[45] Oren, M.B. (2017). Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East. Random House Publishing Group. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-345-46431-6. Retrieved 2024-02-02.

[UN_Doc-46] UN Doc A/8389 Archived 2014-02-03 at the Wayback Machine of 5 October 1971

[47] Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories Archived 2015-02-23 at the Wayback Machine (UN Doc A/8089) 5 October 1970

[shai-48] "The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages, 1965–1969" by Aron Shai (History & Memory - Volume 18, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2006, pp. 86–106)

[Sinai-49] Samman, Maha (26 June 2013). Trans-Colonial Urban Space in Palestine: Politics and Development. Routledge. ISBN 9781136668852.

[50] Gorenberg, Gershom. Accidental Empire, p. 197–198

[51] "The Last Class in Sinai". Haaretz.

[52] Amira Hass (16 April 2012). "From Yamit to the Jordan Valley, the IDF continues to force Arabs from their homes". Haaretz. Retrieved 2021-07-17.

[53] Collaborators fear for their lives as Palestinians prepare to reclaim Gaza 11 August 2005 www.theguardian.com accessed 17 July 2021

[54] Israel demolishes most of Palestinian Bedouin village in West Bank 5 November 2020 www.abc.net.au accessed 18 April 2021

[55] Israel begins razing Palestinian Bedouin village for second time 4 February 2021 www.nbc.com accessed 18 April 2021

[56] Israel again tears down contested Palestinian hamlet in Jordan Valley 7 July 2021 www.timesofisrael.com accessed 14 July 2021

[57] "Palestinian community forced to evacuate Ein Samia - UNOCHA". The Jerusalem Post. 2023-05-26. Retrieved 2023-05-26.

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List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict

1880–1946

Arab villages

Jewish villages

1929 Palestine riots

1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine

1948 Arab–Israeli War

Arab villages

Jewish villages

Six-Day War

West Bank

Golan Heights

1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty

Israeli settlements

Israel's unilateral disengagement plan

Israeli settlements

Since 2005

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

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