List of churches in Estonia

This is the List of churches in Estonia. It aims to include all current churches, chapels and monasteries in the current territory of Estonia, as well as former Christian sacral buildings that were specially designed for that purpose. The list may not include all smaller chapels located within churchyards and cemeteries, as well as regular buildings formerly used by a congregation. Note that the "Year" here denotes the year that the construction of the church began or finished, when it was inaugurated, or the main construction period of the church in question.

In line with the common church naming traditions in Estonia, a traditionally Lutheran country, the Lutheran parish churches are usually listed by their locality name (e.g. "Aegviidu Church"), while churches of other denominations are listed either by their full name by their common name. If a locality has several Lutheran churches, the official names are given.

Churches in Estonia

Harju County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Aegviidu Church	Lutheran	1895	Aegviidu 59°17′23″N 25°36′13″E		Dedicated to St. Alexander
Aruküla Trinity Church	Disused, in ruins (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1873	Kulli, near Aruküla 59°22′05″N 25°01′36″E		Dedicated to the doctrine of the Trinity. Burned after a Soviet bombing strike during the Tallinn offensive in 1944 and has been in ruins ever since.
Harju-Jaani Church	Lutheran	1860–1863	Raasiku 59°22′28″N 25°11′21″E		Dedicated to St. John the Baptist	[1]
Harju-Madise Church	Lutheran	13th century	Madise 59°17′24″N 24°07′22″E		Dedicated to Saint Matthias, who has also given name to the Madise village. There is a chapel located within the churchyard, from the 19th century.	[1]
Harju-Risti Church	Lutheran	c. 1330	Harju-Risti 59°13′50″N 23°59′57″E		Named after the True Cross which has also given name to the Harju-Risti village. Also known simply as "Risti Church" Contains the oldest church bell in Estonia.	[1]
Harju-Risti Orthodox Church	Demolished (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1892	Harju-Risti 59°13′40″N 24°00′50″E		Was damaged in fires in the 1950s and was demolished during the Soviet occupation in 1961.
Harkujärve Community Church	Lutheran	1994	Harkujärve 59°24′58″N 24°36′06″E		Chapel of ease of Tallinn Bethel Church
Jõelähtme Church	Lutheran	First third of 14th century	Jõelähtme 59°26′45″N 25°07′27″E		Dedicated to Blessed Virgin Mary There is a chapel located within the churchyard, from either the 17th or the 18th century.	[1]
Jüri Church	Lutheran	1884	Jüri 59°21′35″N 24°55′22″E		Dedicated to St George, who has also given name to the small borough of Jüri. There are two chapels located within Jüri churchyard, both from the 19th century.	[1]
Kehra Oratory	Baptist		Kehra 59°20′06″N 25°20′11″E
Keila Church	Lutheran	c. 1280	Keila 59°18′28″N 24°25′46″E		Dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel There are six chapels located within Keila churchyard, two from the turn of the 18th to the 19th century, two from the 19th century and two from the 2nd half of the 19th century.	[1]
Keila Baptist Church	Baptist		Keila 59°18′27″N 24°24′50″E
Keila Methodist Oratory	Methodist		Keila 59°18′36″N 24°25′17″E
Keila New Apostolic Church	New Apostolic	1994	Keila 59°18′32″N 24°25′00″E
Kolga Convent	Demolished (formerly Catholic)	14th–15th century	Kolga 59°29′25″N 25°36′22″E		Former convent of the Cistercian Roma Abbey of Gotland, Sweden. Fell into ruins during the Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611.
Kose Church	Lutheran	c. 1370	Kose 59°11′17″N 25°10′01″E		Dedicated to St. Nicholas There are two chapels located within Kose churchyard, from the 18th century and from 1898.	[1]
Kose-Uuemõisa Manor Chapel	Disused (formerly Lutheran)	1886	Kose-Uuemõisa 59°12′26″N 25°05′36″E			[1]
Kuusalu Church	Lutheran	Late 13th century	Kuusalu 59°26′42″N 25°26′12″E		Dedicated to St. Lawrence of Rome There is a chapel located within Kuusalu churchyard, from the 19th century.	[1]
Kuusalu Moravian Oratory	Moravian	1935	Kuusalu 59°26′37″N 25°26′38″E
Leesi Church	Lutheran	1867	Leesi 59°36′29″N 25°30′08″E		Dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria	[2]
Loksa Church	Lutheran	1847–1853	Loksa 59°34′31″N 25°43′29″E		Dedicated to Blessed Virgin Mary	[1]
Loksa Baptist Oratory	Baptist		Loksa 59°34′33″N 25°43′14″E			[1]
Loksa Church of the Righteous Saint John of Kronstadt	Russian Orthodox	2003	Loksa 59°35′09″N 25°43′24″E		Dedicated to the Righteous Saint John of Kronstadt	[1]
Maardu Church of St. Michael the Archangel	Russian Orthodox	1998	Maardu 59°29′07″N 25°01′15″E		Dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel
Chapel of the Seafarers Centre at the Muuga Harbour	Nondenominational	1998	Maardu 59°28′54″N 24°58′02″E		Serves the seafarers at the Muuga Harbour.
Nabala Moravian Oratory	Moravian	1926	Paekna, near Nabala 59°16′05″N 24°50′11″E
Naissaar Church	Lutheran	1934	Lõunaküla / Storbyn, Naissaar Island 59°32′25″N 24°31′46″E		Dedicated to St. Mary, mother of Jesus
Nissi Church	Lutheran	1871–1873	Riisipere, now containing Nissi 59°06′14″N 24°18′34″E		Dedicated to St. Mary, mother of Jesus There is a chapel located within the churchyard, from the 2nd half of the 19th century.	[1]
Nissi Oratory	Moravian	1893	Riisipere, now containing Nissi 59°06′21″N 24°19′10″E
Padise Abbey	Disused, in ruins (formerly Catholic)	1317–1448	Riisipere, now containing Nissi 59°13′39″N 24°08′27″E		Former abbey of the Cistercian Order. Was closed in 1559 during the Livonian War and fell into ruins partially during the war and by a fire in 1766. The ruins are accessible as a museum.
Paldiski St. Nicholas' Church	Lutheran	1841	Paldiski 59°21′03″N 24°03′09″E		Dedicated to St. Nicholas
Paldiski Pentecostal Church	Pentecostal		Paldiski 59°21′02″N 24°03′26″E
Paldiski St. George's Church	Estonian Orthodox	1784–1787	Paldiski 59°20′57″N 24°03′17″E		Dedicated to Saint George
Paldiski Church of St. Panteleimon the Great Martyr	Russian Orthodox	2003	Paldiski 59°21′15″N 24°03′07″E		Dedicated to Saint Pantaleon
Paldiski Church of the Pious St. Sergius of Radonezh	Russian Orthodox	2015	Paldiski 59°21′11″N 24°03′35″E		Dedicated to the Pious St. Sergius of Radonezh
Suur-Pakri Church	Disused (formerly Lutheran)	1890	Suur-Pakri Island, Paldiski 59°18′21″N 23°56′02″E		Dedicated to St. Olaf II of Norway Fell into disrepair during the Soviet occupation as the Pakri Islands were governed by the Soviet military. Partly restored in the 21st century.
Väike-Pakri Church	Disused, in ruins (formerly Lutheran)	1825	Väike-Pakri Island, Paldiski 59°19′44″N 24°00′20″E		Dedicated to St. Olaf II of Norway Fell into disrepair during the Soviet occupation as the Pakri Islands were governed by the Soviet military. Only the bell tower survives.
Pikva St. Michael's Chapel	Lutheran	end of the 19th century	Pikva 59°16′55″N 25°22′21″E		Dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel Chapel of ease of Kose Church
Prangli Church	Lutheran	1848	Lääneotsa, Prangli Island 59°37′09″N 24°59′57″E		Dedicated to St. Lawrence of Rome
Rannamõisa Church	Lutheran	1901	Rannamõisa 59°26′19″N 24°30′03″E		Also known as the "Ranna Church", literally meaning "the Beach Church", as named after its location in the Rannamõisa village, which means "Beach Manor" in Estonian.
Randvere Church	Lutheran	1852	Randvere 59°30′15″N 24°54′30″E		Dedicated to Saint Peter
Rohuneeme Chapel	Lutheran	2007	Rohuneeme 59°33′31″N 24°48′27″E		Chapel of ease of Viimsi St. Jacob's Church
Saha Chapel	Disused (formerly Lutheran)	c. 1220	Saha 59°25′15″N 24°58′57″E		Dedicated to St. Nicholas Fell into disrepair during the Great Northern War.	[1]
Saku Borough Oratory	Moravian	1922	Saku 59°18′10″N 24°40′10″E		Dedicated to St. Thomas the Apostle
Tallinn St. Mary's Cathedral	Lutheran	1430s	Tallinn 59°26′13″N 24°44′21″E		Dedicated to Blessed Virgin Mary Also known as the "Dome Church" (Toomkirik) or the "Episcopal Dome Church" (Piiskoplik Toomkirik), after the German word for "cathedral" (Dom). Seat of the Archbishop of Tallinn, the primate of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
Tallinn Chapel of the Consistory of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church	Lutheran	17th century	Tallinn 59°26′12″N 24°44′21″E
Tallinn Church of the Holy Spirit	Lutheran	1380	Tallinn 59°26′17″N 24°44′45″E		Dedicated to the Holy Spirit
Tallinn St. Michael's Swedish Church	Lutheran	1531	Tallinn 59°26′06″N 24°44′32″E		Dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel
Tallinn Charles' Church	Lutheran	1870	Tallinn 59°25′54″N 24°44′20″E		Officially the "Tallinn Toompea Charles' Church" as it lies in the historical precinct of Toompea. Dedicated to Charles XI of Sweden. The first wooden Charles' Church was built in 1670 on the former site of the St. Anthony's Chapel nearby. It was burned down for strategic purposes by the defending Swedes during the Great Northern War in 1710. In 1863, the Temporary Charles' Church was built at another nearby site to serve during the construction of the current Charles' Church. It is one of only two churches in Estonia with two spires.
Tallinn St. John's Church	Lutheran	1867	Tallinn 59°26′01″N 24°44′44″E		Dedicated to St. John the Evangelist
Tallinn Bethel Church	Lutheran	1938	Tallinn 59°26′15″N 24°42′46″E		Named after Bethel, a Biblical Israelite town in the modern West Bank, Palestine
Chapel of the Old Charles' Cemetery	Lutheran	1893	Tallinn 59°25′28″N 24°45′59″E		Chapel of ease of the Tallinn Charles' Church; the chapel is a miniature version of the church and therefore one of the few religious buildings in Estonia with two towers. Also functions as the cemetery gate.
Tallinn St. Nicholas' Church	Disused (formerly Lutheran)	1420	Tallinn 59°26′09″N 24°44′33″E		Dedicated to St. Nicholas. Distinguished from the other St. Nicholas' churches in Tallinn in Estonian by usage of the Estonian name "Nigul". Was badly damaged during the March Bombing of 1944. Now houses the ecclesiastical art department of the Art Museum of Estonia.
Tallinn St. Barbara's Chapel	Demolished (formerly Lutheran)	Early 14th century	Tallinn 59°25′56″N 24°44′34″E		Dedicated to St. Barbara. Was later also called the "St. Barbara's Church". The church was demolished ca. 1535
Tallinn St. Gertrude's Church	Demolished (formerly Lutheran)	1544	Tallinn 59°26′37″N 24°44′51″E		Dedicated to St. Gertrude of Nivelles. The first St. Gertrude's Chapel was built at the site in 1438–1450 and demolished in 1535. The church was built in 1544 and was burnt down for strategic reasons during the 1571 Siege of Tallinn during the Livonian War.
Temporary Charles' Church	Demolished (formerly Lutheran)	1863	Tallinn 59°25′52″N 24°44′23″E		Dedicated to Charles XI of Sweden. The first wooden Charles' Church was built in 1670 on the former site of the St. Anthony's Chapel nearby. It was burned down for strategic purposes by the defending Swedes during the Great Northern War in 1710. In 1863, the Temporary Charles' Church was built to serve during the construction of the current Charles' Church nearby. The Temporary Charles' Church was demolished upon its completion in 1870.
Tallinn Adventist Church	Seventh-day Adventist	1923	Tallinn 59°26′17″N 24°45′10″E
Tallinn St. Olaf's Church	Baptist (formerly Lutheran)	14th century	Tallinn 59°26′29″N 24°44′52″E		Dedicated to St. Olaf II of Norway. The church was ceded to Baptists during the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1950.
Tallinn Kalju Baptist Congregation Church	Baptist	1902	Tallinn 59°26′46″N 24°44′09″E		Also called an oratory. Named after its location on Kalju Street.
Tallinn Methodist Church	Methodist	2000	Tallinn 59°26′23″N 24°46′33″E		Seat of the superintendent of the Estonian Methodist Church.
Tallinn Veerenni Church	Demolished (formerly Evangelical, thereafter Methodist)	1909	Tallinn 59°25′37″N 24°44′48″E		Burned down in the March Bombing of 1944.
Tallinn Estonian Christian Pentecostal Church Headquarters	Pentecostal	1908	Tallinn 59°26′03″N 24°44′23″E		Headquarters of the Estonian Christian Pentecostal Church
Tallinn Endla Moravian Oratory	Moravian		Tallinn 59°25′41″N 24°42′53″E		Named after its location on Endla Street.
Tallinn Pentecostal Congregation Elim	Pentecostal	1930	Tallinn 59°25′36″N 24°44′54″E		Named after Elim, a Biblical location where the Israelites camped following their Exodus from Egypt.
Tallinn St. Peter and St. Paul's Cathedral	Catholic	1844	Tallinn 59°26′17″N 24°44′56″E		Dedicated to the apostles St. Peter and St. Paul. Seat of the Apostolic Administrator, the primate of the Catholic Church in Estonia.
Tallinn Chapel of the St. Catherine's Monastery	Catholic	13th century	Tallinn 59°26′17″N 24°44′58″E		Officially the "Chapel of the St. Catherine's Monastery of the Dominican Order". Dedicated to St. Catherine of Siena. The main church, St. Catherine's Church, is disused.
Tallinn Missionaries of Charity Monastery	Catholic		Tallinn 59°26′25″N 24°42′55″E		Monastery of the Missionaries of Charity.
Tallinn Three Handed Mother of God Church	Catholic (Ukrainian Greek Catholic)	Medieval	Tallinn 59°26′29″N 24°44′45″E		Dedicated to the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus).
Tallinn St. Catherine's Church	Disused (formerly Catholic)	13th–14th century	Tallinn 59°26′16″N 24°44′54″E		Dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria. Central building of the former St. Catherine's Monastery of the Dominican Order. Burned down after the Reformation in the 1530s and was repurposed. Currently a concert and conference hall.
Tallinn St. Anthony's Chapel	Demolished (formerly Catholic)	14th century	Tallinn 59°25′48″N 24°44′31″E		Dedicated to St. Anthony the Great. The chapel was occasionally also called the "St. Anthony's Church" and the existence of a separate church and chapel cannot be ruled out. The chapel or the church gave name to the Tõnismäe ("St. Anthony's Hill") subdistrict of Tallinn. The chapel was likely demolished during the Livonian War, either strategically by the defending Swedes or by the Muscovites laying siege to the town in 1570–1571 and 1577. In 1670, the first, wooden Charles' Church was built on the same location. It was burned down for strategic purposes by the defending Swedes during the Great Northern War in 1710. The later Temporary Charles' Church and the current Charles' Church were built to nearby sites.
Tallinn Cathedral of St. Simeon and St. Anna the Prophetess	Estonian Orthodox	1755	Tallinn 59°26′24″N 24°45′37″E		Dedicated to St. Simeon and St. Anna the Prophetess. Seat of the Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia, the primate of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church.
Tallinn Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Our Lord	Estonian Orthodox (formerly Lutheran)	13th century	Tallinn 59°26′23″N 24°44′37″E		Dedicated to the transfiguration of Our Lord (Jesus). Was originally built for the church of the St Michael's Monastery of the Cistercian Order which was closed in 1629 and the church was thereafter given to the Swedish St. Michael's Congregation. In 1734, it was turned into an Orthodox church.
Tallinn St. Alexander Nevsky Chapel	Demolished (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1888	Tallinn 59°26′14″N 24°45′13″E		Dedicated to St. Alexander Nevsky, the Grand Prince of Novgorod, known in Estonia for his leadership in the Battle of the Ice. Chapel of ease of first the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Our Lord and thereafter of the Tallinn Church of the Entry of the Mother of God into the Temple, which itself was a chapel of ease of the Pühtitsa Convent of Kuremäe. The chapel was demolished in 1922.
Tallinn St. Nicholas' Chapel	Demolished (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1903	Tallinn 59°26′21″N 24°44′13″E		Dedicated to St. Nicholas. Was a chapel of ease of the Tallinn Church of Bishop St. Nicholas the Miracle-Maker. Was demolished in 1922.
Tallinn Church of the Entry of the Mother of God into the Temple	Demolished (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1902	Tallinn 59°26′09″N 24°45′42″E		Dedicated to the Entry of the Mother of God into the Temple. Chapel of ease of the Pühtitsa Convent of Kuremäe, Ida-Viru County. Demolished during the Soviet occupation in 1960.
Church of the Tallinn St. Alexander Nevsky Cemetery	Demolished (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1856	Tallinn 59°25′31″N 24°45′24″E		Dedicated to St. Alexander Nevsky, the Grand Prince of Novgorod, known in Estonia for his leadership in the Battle of the Ice. Burned down in the March Bombing of 1944.
Tallinn Alexander Nevsky Cathedral	Russian Orthodox	1900	Tallinn 59°26′09″N 24°44′21″E		Officially the "Cathedral of the Pious Orthodox Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky". Dedicated to St. Alexander Nevsky, the Grand Prince of Novgorod, known in Estonia for his leadership in the Battle of the Ice. Seat of the Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia, the primate of the Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate.
Tallinn Church of Bishop St. Nicholas the Miracle-Maker	Russian Orthodox	1827	Tallinn 59°26′21″N 24°44′56″E		Dedicated to St. Nicholas. Distinguished from the other St. Nicholas' churches in Tallinn in Estonian by usage of the Russian name "Nikolai".
Tallinn Green Market Chapel	Russian Orthodox	1909	Tallinn 59°26′22″N 24°44′49″E		Built by the Pühtitsa Convent to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia.
Tallinn Kazan Church	Russian Orthodox	1721	Tallinn 59°25′49″N 24°45′36″E		Officially the "Church of the Kazan Icon of the Nativity of the Mother of God". Dedicated to the Our Lady of Kazan icon of the Nativity of the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus)", the original icon being from Kazan, Russia.
Red Chapel of the Tallinn St. Alexander Nevsky Cemetery	Russian Orthodox	late 19th century	Tallinn 59°25′30″N 24°45′22″E		Former chapel of ease of the Church of the Tallinn St. Alexander Nevsky Cemetery which burned down in 1944.
Tallinn Old Believers' Oratory	Russian Orthodox Old Believer	1930	Tallinn 59°25′51″N 24°42′57″E
Church of St. John's almshouse	Armenian Apostolic (formerly Catholic)	14th–18th century	Tallinn 59°26′02″N 24°45′42″E		The only Armenian Apostolic church in Estonia, ceded to the congregation in 1993.
Tallinn Pae Oratory	Lutheran		Tallinn (Lasnamäe) 59°25′57″N 24°48′38″E		Dedicated to St. Mark the Evangelist
Tallinn Church of the "Quick to Hearken" Icon of the Mother of God	Russian Orthodox	2013	Tallinn (Lasnamäe) 59°27′04″N 24°50′24″E		Dedicated to the "Quick to Hearken" icon of the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus). Also known as the "Lasnamäe Church".
Tallinn Church of the "Joy of All the Afflicted" Icon of the Mother of God	Russian Orthodox	1913	Tallinn (Kopli) 59°26′57″N 24°42′00″E		Dedicated to the "Joy of All the Afflicted" icon of the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus). Also known as the "Baltic Cotton Factory's Settlement Church".
Tallinn Bishop St. Nicholas' Church	Russian Orthodox	1936	Tallinn (Kopli) 59°27′41″N 24°40′13″E		Dedicated to Bishop St. Nicholas. The first St. Nicholas' church in Kopli was built in 1913 and was located in the territory of the Russian-Baltic shipyard nearby; it burned down in 1934. It is distinguished from the other St. Nicholas' churches in Tallinn in Estonian by usage of the Latin name "Nikolaus".
Sutlepa Chapel	Lutheran	1699	Tallinn (Rocca al Mare) 59°26′06″N 24°38′24″E		The first chapel in Sutlepa, Lääne County existed already by 1627. It was reconstructed in 1834 or 1837, partially using the material from the demolished Rooslepa Chapel. The chapel was relocated to the Estonian Open Air Museum in Tallinn in 1970. Chapel of ease of Tallinn St. John's Church.
Mustamäe Church of St. Mary Magdalene	Lutheran	2019	Tallinn (Mustamäe) 59°24′33″N 24°41′51″E		Dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. Also known as the "Mustamäe Church".
Nõmme Peace Church	Lutheran	1901	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°23′08″N 24°40′43″E		Dedicated to the commemoration of the Tartu Peace Treaty that ended the Estonian War of Independence
Chapel of the Charles' Congregation at the Rahumäe Cemetery	Lutheran	1913	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°23′29″N 24°42′10″E		Chapel of ease of the Tallinn Charles' Church; the chapel is a miniature version of the church and therefore one of the few religious buildings in Estonia with two towers.
Chapel of the Holy Spirit Congregation at the Rahumäe Cemetery	Lutheran	1932	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°23′30″N 24°41′49″E		Chapel of ease of the Tallinn Church of the Holy Spirit
Nõmme German Church of the Redeemer	Lutheran	1932	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°23′06″N 24°41′29″E		Dedicated to Jesus Christ, the Redeemer
Nõmme Baptist Oratory	Baptist	1931	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°23′09″N 24°40′42″E
Tallinn Harku Moravian Oratory	Moravian	1931	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°23′09″N 24°39′55″E		Named after its location on Harku Street
Nõmme St. John the Baptist's Church	Russian Orthodox	1923	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°23′02″N 24°40′36″E		Dedicated to St. John the Baptist
Chapel of the Holy Spirit Congregation at the Rahumäe Cemetery	Nondenominational	1935	Tallinn (Nõmme) 59°22′47″N 24°43′43″E
Tallinn Mähe Baptist Church	Baptist	1939	Tallinn (Pirita) 59°29′18″N 24°52′36″E
Pirita Convent	Disused, in ruins (formerly Catholic)	1436	Tallinn (Pirita) 59°27′59″N 24°50′10″E		Dedicated to St. Bridget of Sweden. A former convent of the Order of the Most Holy Savior St. Bridget. Burned down in two consecutive Russian raids during the Livonian War in 1575 and 1577.
Pirita New Convent	Catholic	2001	Tallinn (Pirita) 59°28′02″N 24°50′10″E		Officially the "Pirita Convent of the Order of the Most Holy Savior St. Bridget". Dedicated to St. Bridget of Sweden
Koch Family Chapel	Disused (formerly Lutheran)	1874	Tallinn (Pirita) 59°27′48″N 24°50′01″E
Tallinn Forest Cemetery Chapel	Nondenominational	1936	Tallinn (Pirita) 59°28′11″N 24°52′02″E
Tõdva Moravian Oratory	Moravian	1888	Tõdva 59°15′53″N 24°44′06″E
Tuhala Church	Lutheran	1777	Kata, near Tuhala 59°11′45″N 24°58′00″E		Dedicated to Tuhala Manor owner Carl Johan Mellin
Valkla Baptist Oratory	Baptist	1903	Valkla 59°27′29″N 25°21′14″E
Viimsi Free Congregation Oratory	Evangelical	1935	Haabneeme, Viimsi Parish 59°31′05″N 24°48′43″E
Viimsi St. Jacob's Church (also Viimsi St. James' Church)	Lutheran	2007	Haabneeme, Viimsi Parish 59°31′15″N 24°48′29″E		Dedicated to St. James, son of Zebedee

Hiiu County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Emmaste Church	Lutheran	1867	Emmaste 58°42′24″N 22°35′26″E		Dedicated to Saint Emmanuel
Kassari Chapel	Lutheran	ca. 1801	Esiküla, Kassari Island 58°48′37″N 22°51′52″E
Käina Church	Disused, in ruins (formerly Lutheran)	c. 1500	Käina 58°49′44″N 22°46′34″E		Dedicated to St. Martin of Tours	[1]
Kärdla Church	Lutheran	1863	Kärdla 59°00′10″N 22°45′09″E		Dedicated to St. John the Baptist
Kõpu Church-School	Disused (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1908	Kõpu 58°54′54″N 22°12′40″E		Currently a community center
Kuri Church	Estonian Orthodox (Disused, in ruins)	1891	Taterma, near Kuri 58°57′13″N 22°55′38″E		Dedicated to the Ascension of the Christ
Kuriste Church	Estonian Orthodox	1890	Kuriste 58°47′56″N 22°37′14″E		Dedicated to the Nativity of the God-bearer (Mary, mother of Jesus). Also called the "Hiiumaa Church of the Nativity of the God-bearer".	[3]
Malvaste Chapel	Estonian Orthodox	1925	Malvaste 59°01′40″N 22°35′16″E		Dedicated to St. Elijah the Prophet
Mänspe Church	Lutheran	1908	Mänspe 58°49′19″N 22°27′53″E		Also called a chapel. Chapel of ease of Emmaste Church.
Nurste Chapel	Baptist	1923	Nurste 58°47′15″N 22°29′47″E
Paluküla Church	Disused, in ruins (formerly Lutheran)	1820	Paluküla 58°59′12″N 22°48′18″E		Also called a chapel.
Pühalepa Church	Lutheran	13th century	Pühalepa 58°52′24″N 22°57′20″E		Dedicated to St. Lawrence of Rome. Oldest building on Hiiumaa island.	[1]
Puski Church	Disused (formerly Estonian Orthodox)	1891	Puski 58°54′24″N 22°24′35″E		Dedicated to the Nativity of the Christ
Reigi Church	Lutheran	1779–1802	Pihla, near Reigi 58°58′58″N 22°30′35″E		Dedicated to Jesus	[1]

Ida-Viru County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Alajõe Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God	Russian Orthodox	1889	Alajõe 59°00′34″N 27°25′23″E		Dedicated to the Nativity of the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus)
Aseri Church of St. Blessed Xenia of Saint Petersburg	Russian Orthodox	2010	Aseri 59°27′10″N 26°51′38″E		Dedicated to the St. Blessed Xenia of Saint Petersburg
Avinurme Church	Lutheran	1903-1909	Avinurme 58°59′05″N 26°51′52″E			[4]
Iisaku Church	Lutheran	1846	Iisaku 59°06′04″N 27°18′30″E
Illuka Church	Lutheran	1930	Illuka 59°13′00″N 27°31′00″E
Jaama Bishop St. Nicholas' Church	Russian Orthodox	1904	Jaama 59°13′00″N 27°31′00″E		Dedicated to Bishop St. Nicholas
Jõhvi Church	Lutheran	Mid 14th-century	Jõhvi 59°21′34″N 27°24′39″E		Dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel	[1][5]
Jõhvi Crucifixion of Our Lord Church	Russian Orthodox	1895	Jõhvi 59°21′28″N 27°24′56″E		Dedicated to the Crucifixion of Our Lord (Jesus). Also known as the "Jõhvi Epiphany Church".
Kiviõli St. Peter's Church	Lutheran	1938	Kiviõli		Dedicated to St. Peter
Kiviõli Church of the Protection of the Mother of God	Russian Orthodox	20th century	Kiviõli 59°21′15″N 26°58′04″E		Dedicated to the Protection of the Mother of God
Kohtla-Järve Ahtme St. Josep's Church	Catholic	1995	Ahtme, Kohtla-Järve 59°19′04″N 27°25′09″E		Dedicated to St. Joseph. Also known as the Ahtme Church of St. Francis of Assisi.
Kohtla-Järve Church of the Transfiguration of Our Lord	Russian Orthodox	1938	Järve, Kohtla-Järve 59°23′51″N 27°14′35″E		Dedicated to the transfiguration of Our Lord (Jesus)
Kuremäe Cathedral of the Dormition of the Mother of God	Russian Orthodox	1910	Kuremäe 59°11′57″N 27°32′06″E		Dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God. Central church of the Pühtitsa Convent. Called a cathedral despite not housing a bishop.
Kuremäe Church of Bishop St. Nicholas and the Pious Arseny the Great	Russian Orthodox	1885	Kuremäe 59°12′05″N 27°32′05″E		Dedicated to Bishop St. Nicholas and Arseny Bryantsev, the Orthodox Archbishop of Riga, the founder of the Pühtitsa Convent. Secondary church of the Pühtitsa Convent.
Kuremäe Church of Metropolitan Alexius of Moscow and Martyr Varvara	Russian Orthodox	1986	Kuremäe 59°11′57″N 27°32′06″E		Dedicated to the St. Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow and Martyr St. Varvara. Secondary church of the Pühtitsa Convent.
Kuremäe Church of St. John the Baptist and Hieromartyr Priest Isidor of Tartu	Russian Orthodox	1990	Kuremäe 59°11′49″N 27°32′10″E		Dedicated to St. John the Baptist and the 15th century Hieromartyr Priest Isidor of Tartu. Secondary church of the Pühtitsa Convent.
Kuremäe Church of St. Simeon the Righteous and St. Anna the Prohetess	Russian Orthodox	1895	Kuremäe 59°11′56″N 27°32′07″E		Dedicated to St. Simeon the Righteous and St. Anna the Prophetess. Secondary church of the Pühtitsa Convent.
Kuremäe Church of the Pious St. Sergius of Radonezh	Russian Orthodox	1895	Kuremäe 59°11′50″N 27°32′11″E		Dedicated to the Pious St. Sergius of Radonezh. Secondary church of the Pühtitsa Convent.
Lohusuu Church	Lutheran	1882	58°57′05″N 27°02′45″E
Lohusuu Crucifixion of Our Lord Church	Russian Orthodox	1898	58°56′45″N 27°03′27″E		Dedicated to the Crucifixion of Our Lord (Jesus)
Lüganuse Church	Lutheran	Mid 14th century	Lüganuse 59°22′44″N 27°02′26″E		Dedicated to St. John the Baptist	[1][6]
Narva Alexander's Cathedral	Lutheran	1881-1884	Narva 59°22′14″N 28°12′07″E		Dedicated to Alexander II of Russia. Was named a "cathedral" (or rather a "grand church") by President Lennart Georg Meri in 2000 despite not housing a bishop.	[1]
Narva Church of the Narva Icon of the Mother of God	Russian Orthodox	2003	Narva 59°23′10″N 28°11′33″E		Dedicated to the Narva Icon of the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus)
Narva Resurrection of Our Lord Cathedral	Russian Orthodox	1896	Narva 59°22′16″N 28°11′37″E		Dedicated to the resurrection of Our Lord (Jesus). Seat of the Bishop of Narva of the Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate.	[7]
Narva St. Anthony's Chapel	Catholic		Narva 59°22′53″N 28°11′34″E		Dedicated to St. Anthony
Narva Church of St. Cyril and Methodius	Russian Orthodox	2015	Narva 59°22′38″N 28°10′20″E		Dedicated to Sts. Cyril and Methodius
Narva St. Michael's Church	Lutheran		Narva 59°22′23″N 28°10′50″E		Dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel
Narva-Jõesuu Church of St. Prince Vladimir	Russian Orthodox		Narva-Jõesuu 59°27′00″N 28°01′29″E		Dedicated to St. Prince Vladimir of Novgorod. Removed from Meriküla.
Pühajõe Church	Lutheran	1839	Pühajõe 59°24′43″N 27°32′14″E
Sillamäe Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God	Russian Orthodox	1995	Sillamäe 59°23′36″N 27°45′29″E		Dedicated to the Our Lady of Kazan icon of the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus)", the original icon being from Kazan, Russia.
Sillamäe St. George's and St. Adalbert's Church	Catholic	2001	Sillamäe 59°23′57″N 27°45′53″E		Dedicated to St. George and St. Adalbert
Tudulinna Church	Lutheran	1939	Tudulinna 59°02′12″N 27°04′35″E			[8]
Tudulinna Old Church	Disused, in ruins (formerly Lutheran)	1766	Tudulinna 59°02′16″N 27°04′35″E
Vasknarva Church of St. Elijah the Prophet	Russian Orthodox	1873	Vasknarva 58°59′51″N 27°44′14″E		Dedicated to St. Elijah the Prophet. Skete of the Kuremäe Pühtitsa Convent.

Jõgeva County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Kodavere Church	Protestant	1775-1777	Kodavere 58°41′32″N 27°09′02″E		A first church built on the site in 1342. According to a local story, the previous name of this church was Mihkli Church, after a man named Mihkel who was walled into one of its walls.	[1]
Kursi Church	Protestant		Kursi 58°35′33″N 26°20′35″E
Laiuse Church	Lutheran	14th century	Laiuse 58°46′47″N 26°30′12″E		Dedicated to St. George	[1]
Laiuse Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God	Disused, in ruins (formerly Orthodox)	1864	Laiusevälja 58°48′22″N 26°31′26″E		Dedicated to the Nativity of the Mother of God (Mary, mother of Jesus)	[1]
Maarja-Magdaleena Church	Protestant	Mid 14th century	Maarja-Magdaleena 58°36′38″N 26°44′23″E			[1]
Mustvee Church	Protestant		Mustvee 58°50′54″N 26°56′04″E
Mustvee Unitarian Church	Unitarian		Mustvee
Palamuse Church	Protestant	First half of 13th century	Palamuse 58°41′02″N 26°35′00″E			[1]
Põltsamaa Church	Protestant	1632-1633	Põltsamaa 58°39′11″N 25°58′26″E		Located adjacent to Põltsamaa Castle.	[1]
Raja Sanctuary	Old Believer		Kasepää 58°49′14″N 26°56′44″E
Torma Church	Protestant	1755-1766	Torma 58°48′33″N 26°45′17″E

Järva County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Ambla Church	Protestant	Mid-13th century	Ambla 59°11′32″N 25°50′21″E			[1]
Anna Church	Protestant		Anna 59°00′09″N 25°35′40″E
Järva-Jaani Church	Protestant	c. 1300	59°02′24″N 25°52′53″E			[1]
Järva-Madise Church	Protestant	Late 13th century	Järva-Madise 59°06′57″N 25°39′21″E		The smallest church in Järva-Madise was built by the Swedes. The church and what happened in it are described in the book Tõde ja õigus (Truth and Justice) by A. H. Tammsaare.	[1]
Järva-Peetri Church	Protestant	14th century	Peetri 58°56′33″N 25°50′08″E			[1]
Koeru Church	Protestant	Second half of 13th century	Koeru 58°57′51″N 26°01′50″E			[1]
Paide Church	Lutheran	16th century	Paide 58°53′15″N 25°34′13″E			[1]
Türi Church	Protestant	Late 13th century	Türi 58°48′34″N 25°25′45″E			[1]

Lääne County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Haapsalu Cathedral	Protestant	Late 1260s	Haapsalu 58°56′50″N 23°32′19″E		An integral part of Haapsalu Castle.	[1]
Orthodox Church of St Mary Magdalene	Estonian Orthodox	1845-1852	Haapsalu 58°56′58″N 23°32′25″E			[9]
Orthodox Church of St Alexander Nevsky	Estonian Orthodox	1896-1900	Haapsalu 58°56′27″N 23°32′15″E			[10]
Church of St. John	Protestant	1524	Haapsalu 58°56′56″N 23°32′29″E
Hanila Church	Protestant	Mid-13th century	Hanila 58°36′48″N 23°36′29″E		Constructed by the Livonian Order.	[1]
Karuse Church	Protestant	1260s	Karuse 58°38′11″N 23°41′23″E		Pulpit by Christian Ackermann; Otto von Lutterberg is buried in this church.	[1]
Kirbla Church	Protestant	c. 1500	Kirbla 58°43′43″N 23°56′30″E		Constructed by the Bishop of Ösel-Wiek, during Johannes III Orgas reign.	[1]
Kullamaa Church	Protestant	13th century	Kullamaa 58°52′51″N 24°04′33″E		Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel is buried in the church	[1]
Lihula Church	Protestant		Lihula 58°41′28″N 23°50′11″E
Martna Church	Protestant	16th century	Martna 58°51′23″N 23°47′41″E		Constructed by the Bishop of Ösel-Wiek, during Johannes III Orgas reign.	[1]
Noarootsi Church	Protestant	c. 1500	Martna 58°02′16″N 23°30′32″E			[1]
Ridala Church	Protestant	Second half of 13th century	Kolila 58°52′39″N 23°36′19″E			[1]
Vormsi Church	Protestant	Probably 14th century	Hullo, Vormsi Island 58°59′58″N 23°14′00″E			[1]
Vormsi Orthodox Church	Orthodox		Hullo, Vormsi Island

Lääne-Viru County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Haljala Church	Protestant	Second quarter of 15th century	Haljala 59°25′53″N 26°16′06″E			[1]
Kadrina Church	Protestant	Mid 15th century	Haljala 59°20′29″N 26°07′44″E			[1]
Käsmu Church	Protestant	1863-64	Käsmu 59°36′09″N 25°55′04″E
Rakvere Church	Protestant	Early 15th century	Rakvere 59°20′49″N 26°21′25″E			[1]
Rakvere Orthodox Church	Orthodox	1839	Rakvere			[11]
Simuna Church	Protestant	Late 15th century	Simuna 59°02′41″N 26°24′04″E		ALtarpiece by Christian Ackermann; Carl Timoleon von Neff buried in the cemetery	[1]
Tapa Church	Protestant	1932	Tapa 59°15′49″N 25°57′39″E			[12]
Tapa Orthodox Church	Orthodox	1904	Tapa 59°15′54″N 25°57′52″E
Viru-Jaagupi Church	Protestant	First half of 15th century	Viru-Jaagupi 59°14′38″N 26°28′23″E			[1]
Viru-Nigula Church	Protestant	Second half of 13th century	Viru-Nigula 59°26′46″N 26°41′21″E			[1]
Väike-Marja Church	Protestant	End of 15th century	Väike-Maarja 59°07′49″N 26°14′58″E			[1]

Pärnu County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Häädemeeste Church	Protestant	1874	Häädemeeste 58°04′47″N 24°29′57″E
Häädemeeste Orthodox Church	Orthodox		Häädemeeste
Kihnu St. Nicholas' Church			Kihnu
Mihkli Church			Mihkli
Pärnu Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Our Lord	Estonian Orthodox	1904	Pärnu 58°23′02″N 24°30′22″E		Dedicated to the transfiguration of Our Lord (Jesus). Seat of the Bishop of Pärnu and Saare of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church.
Pootsi-Kõpu Orthodox Church	Orthodox		Kõpu
St. Catherine's Church, Pärnu	Orthodox	1764-68	Pärnu 58°23′06″N 24°29′52″E			[1]
St. Elizabeth's Church, Pärnu	Lutheran	1741-47	Pärnu 58°23′01″N 24°30′00″E			[1]
Pärnu-Jaagupi Church	Lutheran	1531-34	Pärnu-Jaagupi 58°36′41″N 24°30′19″E			[1]
Saarde Church	Lutheran	1858-59	Saarde 58°08′31″N 24°58′06″E			[1]
Tori Church	Lutheran	1852-54	Tori 58°29′N 24°49′E		Designated Memorial Church to Estonian Soldiers	[1]
Varbla Church	Lutheran	1860-61	Helmküla 58°27′20″N 23°44′57″E			[1]

Põlva County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Kanepi Church	Protestant	1806-10	Kanepi 57°59′10″N 26°45′35″E
Kähri Church	Orthodox		Kähri 58°01′40″N 26°59′18″E
Kärsa Church	Orthodox	1878	Kärsa 58°10′59″N 27°06′18″E
Räpina Church	Protestant	1785	Räpina 58°05′58″N 27°27′29″E			[13]

Rapla County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Hageri Church	Lutheran	First mentioned in 1424	Hageri 59°09′34″N 24°39′03″E			[1]
Juuru Church	Lutheran	14th century	Juuru 59°03′37″N 24°57′15″E			[1]
Kohila Church	Orthodox	1899-1900	Kohila 59°03′37″N 24°57′15″E
Käru Church	Orthodox	1860	Kohila 59°03′37″N 24°57′15″E			[14]
Märjamaa Church	Lutheran	14th century	Märjamaa 58°54′39″N 24°25′53″E			[1]
Rapla Church	Lutheran	1901	Rapla 58°59′40″N 24°48′04″E		Pulpit by Christian Ackermann	[15]
Vahastu Church	Lutheran	1883	Vahastu 58°57′04″N 25°16′06″E			[16]

Saare County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Hellamaa Church	Orthodox		Hellamaa
Karja Church	Lutheran		Linnaka 58°31′24″N 22°43′57″E		The rural church with the richest medieval stone sculpture decoration in all the Baltic states	[1]
Kaarma Church	Lutheran	1260s	Kaarma 58°20′50″N 22°30′39″E			[1]
Kihelkonna Church	Lutheran	c. 1250	Kihelkonna 58°21′36″N 22°02′08″E			[1]
Kuressaare Church	Lutheran	1620s	Kuressaare 58°15′14″N 22°29′12″E			[1]
Muhu Church	Lutheran	1267	Muhu 58°36′14″N 23°13′34″E		Founded by Otto von Lutterberg	[1]
Pöide Church	Lutheran	First half of 13th century	Pöide 58°30′40″N 23°02′53″E			[1]
Püha Church	Lutheran	Second half of 13th century	Püha 58°18′12″N 22°43′11″E			[1]
Saint Magdalene Church, Ruhnu	Lutheran		Ruhnu		Oldest preserved wooden church in Estonia
Valjala Church	Lutheran	1227	Püha 58°24′29″N 22°47′19″E			[1]

Tartu County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Alatskivi Church	Lutheran		Alatskivi 58°36′24″N 27°08′26″E
Immaculate Conception Church, Tartu	Roman Catholic	1899	Tartu 58°22′57.6″N 26°42′36.0″E
Kambja Church	Lutheran		Kambja 58°14′10″N 26°42′00″E
Nõo Church	Lutheran	Mid 13th century	Nõo 58°16′38″N 26°32′05″E			[1]
Nõo Orthodox Church	Orthodox		Nõo 58°16′13″N 26°32′23″E
Tartu Cathedral	Disused	Mid 13th century	Tartu 58°22′48″N 26°42′50″E		Partly ruined; former seat of the Bishopric of Dorpat	[1]
Dormition Cathedral, Tartu	Estonian Orthodox	1904	Tartu 58°23′02″N 24°30′22″E		Dedicated to the dormition of the Mother of God. Also called the "Uspenski Cathedral". Seat of the Bishop of Tartu of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church.
St Alexander's Church, Tartu	Estonian Orthodox	1914	Tartu 58°21′51.9″N 26°43′43.6″E
St George's Church, Tartu	Russian Orthodox	1870	Tartu 58°23′14.0″N 26°43′38.5″E
St. John's Church, Tartu	Lutheran	14th century	Tartu 58°22′58″N 26°43′09″E			[1]
St Mary's Church, Tartu	Lutheran	1841	Tartu 58°22′34.9″N 26°43′00.4″E			[1]
St. Paul's Church, Tartu	Lutheran	1915-17	Tartu		Designed by architect Eliel Saarinen	[1]
St Peter's Church, Tartu	Lutheran	1884	Tartu 58°23′25.0″N 26°43′43.1″E			[1]
Vara Church	Lutheran		Vara 58°30′02″N 26°52′44″E

Valga County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Hargla Church	Lutheran		Hargla 57°36′49″N 26°23′45″E
Karula St. Mary's Church			Lüllemäe
Otepää Church	Lutheran	19th century	Otepää 58°03′34″N 26°30′07″E			[1]
Sangaste Church	Lutheran		Sangaste 57°55′34″N 26°19′56″E
Taagepera Church	Lutheran		Taagepera 58°00′49″N 25°41′10″E
Valga Church (Valga St. John's Church)	Lutheran	1787-1816	Valga 57°46′37″N 26°01′51″E			[1]

Viljandi County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Halliste Holy Anna Church			Pornuse
Peter's Church	Lutheran	1773-78	Karksi-Nuia 58°06′16″N 25°33′54″E			[1]
Pilitsvere Church	Lutheran	13th century	Pilistvere 58°39′46″N 25°44′57″E			[1]
Suure-Jaani Church	Lutheran	c. 1300	Suure-Jaani 58°32′01″N 25°28′05″E			[1]
Viljandi Church	Lutheran		Viljandi 58°21′44″N 25°35′43″E
Viljandi St. Paul's Church	Lutheran		Viljandi 58°21′48″N 25°35′29″E

Võru County

Name	Denomination	Year	Location	Image	Notes	Refs
Rõuge Church	Lutheran	1729-30	Rõuge 57°43′52″N 26°55′43″E			[1]
St. Catherine's Church, Võru	Orthodox		Võru 58°21′48″N 25°35′29″E

References

1. Viirand, Tiiu (2004). Estonia. Cultural Tourism. Kunst Publishers. ISBN 9949-407-18-4.
2. "St. Catherine's Lutheran Church in Leesi". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
3. "Orthodox Church of the Nativity of Theotokos in Hiiumaa". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
4. Kaur Alttoa, Kaur; Tamm, Egle; Treufeldt, Robert; Valk, Kristel (2005). Muinsuskaitse eritingimused (PDF). Tallinn-Tartu: Eelk.ee. p. 3.
5. "Jõhvi St. Michael's Church". Histrodamus. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
6. "St. John The Baptist's Lutheran Church In Lüganuse". Turismiweb.ee. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
7. "Orthodox Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in Narva". Puhkuseestis.ee. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
8. "Tudulina old church". Pilt.delfi.ee. Archived from the original on 2014-05-21. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
9. "Orthodox Church of St Mary Magdalene in Haapsalu". Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kiriku Haapsalu kogudus. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
10. Orthodox Church of St Alexander Nevsky in Haapsalu
11. "Orthodox Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God in Rakvere". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
12. "St James' Lutheran Church in Tapa". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
13. "St Michael's Lutheran Church in Räpina". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
14. "Käru Lutheran Church". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
15. "St Mary Magdalene's Lutheran Church in Rapla". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
16. "Vahastu Lutheran Church". Estonian Council of Churches. Retrieved 17 May 2014.