Kharas

Kharas
Municipality type C
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicخاراس
 • LatinKhuras (official)
Kharas
Kharas
Kharas is located in State of Palestine
Kharas
Kharas
Location of Kharas within Palestine
Coordinates: 31°36′51″N 35°02′35″E / 31.61417°N 35.04306°E / 31.61417; 35.04306
Palestine grid154/113
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateHebron
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • Head of MunicipalityIssa Mahmoud Abu El
Area
 • Total
6,781 dunams (6.8 km2 or 2.6 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total
9,139
 • Density1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
Name meaningfrom personal name[2]

Kharas (Arabic: خاراس) is a Palestinian town in the southern State of Palestine, located twelve kilometers northwest of Hebron, part of the Hebron Governorate. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 9,139 inhabitants in 2017.[1] It is situated at the northern mouth of the Wadi ’Arab near the ruins of 'Elah. Nearby towns include Nuba and Beit Ula to the south, Surif to the north and Halhul to the east.[3] It has a total land area of 6,781 dunams.

History

Kharas does not appear in records from the 16th century.[4] Oral tradition suggests that Kharas was founded after the 16th century.[5] Fellahin from Halhul established the settlement in the late 18th or early 19th century. A family from Sa'ir also relocated there due to conflicts in their hometown.[4]

In the late Ottoman era, in 1838, Edward Robinson noted Kharas S 14° E from Bayt Nattif.[6] It was further noted as a Muslim village, between the mountains and Gaza, but subject to the government of Hebron.[7]

Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Charas had 38 houses and a population of 120, though the population count included men, only.[8] Hartmann found that Charas had 40 houses.[9]

In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Kharas as "a small village standing high on the side of one of the lower hills, with olives round it. On the east is a well."[10] C.R. Conder of the PEF thought that the neighboring "thickets" or woodlands of Kharas may have been the "forest of Hereth" described in 1 Samuel 22:5, and where the fugitive king of Israel, David, hid himself from King Saul.[11]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Kharas had a population of 577, all Muslim,[12] increasing in the 1931 census to 739, still all Muslim, in 153 houses.[13]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Kharas was 970 Muslims,[14] and the land area 6,781 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[15] 615 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,532 for cereals,[16] while 38 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[17]

  • Kharas, British Mandate map, 1:20,000
    Kharas, British Mandate map, 1:20,000
  • Kharas 1945 1:250,000
    Kharas 1945 1:250,000

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kharas came under Jordanian rule from 1948 until 1967. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,264 inhabitants in Kharas.[18]

Post 1967

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kharas has been under Israeli occupation. According to the 1967 Census, the village had a population of 1,364, of whom 101 originally came from Israeli Territory.[19]

Israel has confiscated approximately 2,000 dunums of the village land, half of which was used for the construction of the separation wall. After completion of the wall, 600 dunums of village land will be on the Israeli side of the wall (in the Seam Zone), isolated from the village.[20]

There are five schools in the town: a boy's secondary school, a girls' secondary school, Khaled ibn al-Walid basic mixed primary school, a girls' primary school and a mixed gender high school. There are four mosques, a sports club, a government-run health clinic and an olive press (olive oil manufacturing is a major industry in the town).[21]

References

  1. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  2. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 395
  3. ^ Finn, 1868, p. 151
  4. ^ a b Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 368
  5. ^ Grossman, D. "The expansion of the settlement frontier of Hebron's western and southern fringes". Geography Research Forum, 5, 1982, p. 62.
  6. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 342
  7. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 117
  8. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 149 It was also noted to be in the Hebron District
  9. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p.143
  10. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 305
  11. ^ Conder (1879), p. 88
  12. ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Hebron, p.10
  13. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 33.
  14. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 23
  15. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 50
  16. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 93
  17. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 143
  18. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 22
  19. ^ Perlmann, Joey (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  20. ^ Kharas Town Profile, ARIJ, 2009, p. 15
  21. ^ About Kharas Town and Municipality (in Arabic)

Bibliography

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