Haplogroup Q-M25, also known as Q1a1b is a subclade or branch of human Y-DNAhaplogroupQ-F1096 (Q1a1), which is, in turn, a subclade of Q-MEH2 (Q1a). In human genetics, each Y-DNA haplogroup constitutes a biological paternal lineages back to a shared common male ancestor.
Distribution
Q-M25 has descendants in modern populations across all of Eurasia. Only one detailed study on the Y-DNA on Turkmens from Turkmenistan has taken place.[2] Haplogroup Q is found in minority Turkmen tribes living in Afghanistan at percentages of about 32%,[3] and another study found that 42.6% of Iranian Turkmens have haplogroup Q-M25 (also known as Q1a1b).[4]
The Americas
Q-M25 has not been detected in pre-Columbian populations in the Americas.
Asia
Q-M25 has been detected in the Northeast of East Asia, in South Asia, and across Central Asia.[5][6][7] Though present at low frequencies, it may be one of the more widely distributed branches of Q-M242 in Asia.
The frequency of Q-M25 varies greatly across West Asia. An extreme peak is seen in the Turkmen of Golestan.[4] Across the whole of Iran it varies from over 9 percent of the population in the north to only 2 to 3 percent of the population in the south.[8] The frequency of Q-M25 drops to only about 1 percent of the population of Lebanon's Muslims, and it is absent from the non-Muslim population there.[9] However, its presence in the Marsh Arabs(related to Sumer) of Iraq hints that Q-M25's West Asian history extends beyond a single localized recent founder.[10]
^Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID24166809. S2CID23291764.
^K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
^ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
^ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
^ abUnderhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; Passarino, Giuseppe; Yang, Wei H.; Kauffman, Erin; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–61. doi:10.1038/81685. PMID11062480. S2CID12893406.
