Haplogroup GHIJK

Haplogroup GHIJK
Possible time of originapprox. 49,000-59,000 BP+ BCE
(i.e. similar to estimates for F and G)[1]
Possible place of originSouth Asia, or Southeast Asia[2]
AncestorF (F-M89)
DescendantsG, HIJK
Defining mutationsM3658/F1329/PF2622/YSC0001299, CTS2254/M3680/PF2657, FGC2045/Z12203[3]

Haplogroup GHIJK, defined by the SNPs M3658, F1329, PF2622, and YSC0001299,[3] is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. This macrohaplogroup and its subclades contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.

Phylogeny

GHIJK is the major clade of Haplogroup F (F-M89). It branches subsequently into two direct descendants: Haplogroup G (M201/PF2957) and Haplogroup HIJK (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). The other haplotypes of Haplogroup F are F1, F2, and F3.

Subclades of GHIJK, under the HIJK lineage, include: H (L901/M2939) and IJK (F-L15). The downstream descendants of Haplogroup IJK include the major haplogroups I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T.

Distribution

The basal paragroup GHIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.

Populations with high proportions of descendant haplogroups were predominant, before the modern era, in males across widely-dispersed areas and populations. These include:

Footnotes

  1. ^ "www.nature.com" (PDF).
  2. ^ Hallast, Pille; et al. (2021). "A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human Y chromosomes". Human Genetics. 140 (2): 299–307. doi:10.1007/s00439-020-02204-9. PMC 7864842. PMID 32666166. S2CID 253976067.
  3. ^ a b ISOGG, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015 (8 September 2015).

See also

Genetics

Backbone Tree