Village and refugee camp near Jericho, West Bank, State of Palestine
This article is about the Palestinian refugee camp. For the spring, see Ein es-Sultan.
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ʿEin es-Sulṭān had a population of over 4,384 inhabitants in 2017.[1] In 1997, refugees constituted 81% of the population.[2]
History
ʿEin es-Sulṭān or ʿAin as-Sulṭān camp was established in 1948, on 870 dunums of arid land below the Mount of Temptation. Just before the 1967 Arab-Israeli conflict, the camp had accommodated some 20,000 refugees. During the hostilities the majority of the refugees fled across the Jordan River to Jordan.[3]
On 13 November 1985, following an agreement with UNRWA, the Israeli authorities began a program of demolishing unused houses. At the time the camp’s population was 600.[4] In 1987 the authorities tried to expel as many of the refugees as they could. The US reports state that the refugees were suffering from "deteriorating economic circumstances".[5]
Today, ʿEin Sulṭān has a small population of only 1,732 registered refugees. Some non-refugees have moved onto the camp's lands and built illegal homes as there is over-crowding and Israel authorities controls the issuing of building permits.[6][7]
Water
Water scarcity is a major problem in this arid area, especially during the summer. The springs Ayn as-Sultan, Ayn an-Nuway'mia and Ayn ad-Duyuk were utilised during Roman rule for irrigation to cultivate the land.[8] After 1975 the water from the spring Ain as-Sultan was collected in four small basins.[5] UNRWA supplies Ein Sultan with water by pumping it from a nearby spring. The out fall of the spring is close to Tell el-Sultan, the site of ancient Jericho.[9] During the summer months, water shortages in the camp cause tremendous hardship for the refugees.[10] However, the Israeli water company Mekorot has become the main supplier of water to the camp after Israel took control of water sources.[6]
In 2002, two stories were added to Ein Sultan School, including a new library, a multi-purpose room, an additional three classrooms and a computer lab.
^Laurie A. Brand (1991) Palestinians in the Arab World: Institution Building and the Search for State Columbia University Press, ISBN0-231-06723-2, p 152
^ abNear East/South Asia Report By United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service, United States Joint Publications Research Service Published by Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 1987 pp 16 and 28
