Masa Para Kudus

Gereja Militan dan Gereja Kejayaan, lukisan dinding karya Andrea da Firenze di Santa Maria Novella, sekitar tahun 1365 Masehi.

All-hallow-tide, [1] Hallow-tide, [2] All-saints-tide, [3] atau bisa disebut juga musim Hallow-mas [4] [5] adalah "musim" Kekristen Barat yang di dalamnya pun tercakup triduum 'Malam Para Kudus' (Halloween), Hari Semua Orang Kudus (All Hallows) dan Hari Arwah, [6] [7] [8] serta International Day of Prayer for the Presecuted (Hari Doa Internasional untuk Gereja yang Teraniaya) yang perayaannya dilakukan pada Hari Minggu awal/pertama bulan November, serta Remembrance Sunday (Minggu Peringatan) yang dirayakan pada hari Minggu ke-2 Bulan November. Ini dapat dilihat di dalam beberapa tradisi. [9] [10] [11]

Setiap tahunnya, masa ini mulai pada tanggal 31 Oktober. [12] Allhallowtide merupakan masa - masa mengenang orang - orang yang sudah meninggal, termasuk Martir, Orang Suci, serta semua Umat Taat Kristiani yang telah meninggal. [13] Tanggal Hallowmas (Masa Para Kudus) saat ini dan juga tanggal peringatannya (Hallowe'en) ditetapkan di Roma kemungkinan oleh Paus Gregorius III (731–741) dan diwajibkan di seluruh Kerajaan Franka oleh Ludwig yang Saleh pada tahun 835. Di tempat lain, tanggal lainnya diperingati bahkan lebih lambat, seperti di Irlandia yang pada tanggal 20 April. [14] Pada awal abad ke-11, tanggal modern Hari Arwah dipopulerkan, setelah Kepala Biara Odilo dari Kluni menetapkannya sebagai hari bagi para biarawan Cluny dan biara-biara terkait untuk mendoakan mereka yang telah meninggal. [15]

Etimologi

"Allhallowtide" penggunaannya ditemukan terawal pada tahun 1471, [16] yang berasal dari tiga kata Inggris Kuno, yaitu; 'hallow', yang artinya suci atau keramat; 'tide' yang berarti waktu atau musim (seperti Christmastide, Eastertide ), [17] serta 'all' (dari bahasa Inggris Kuno eall ), artinya "setiap". Akhir-an dari kata Hallowmas berasal dari kata Mass . [18] Kata 'hallow' dan 'saint' adalah sinonim . [19]

Lihat juga

Referensi

  1. ^ Leslie, Frank (1895). Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly: Allhallowtide. Frank Leslie Publishing House. hlm. 539. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2014. Just as the term "Eastertide" expresses for us the whole of the church services and ancient customs attached to the festival of Easter, from Palm Sunday until Easter Monday, so does All-hallowtide include for us all the various customs, obsolete and still observed, of Halloween, All Saints' and All Souls' Days. From the 31st of October until the morning of the 3d of November, this period of three days, known as All-hallowtide, is full of traditional and legendary lore. 
  2. ^ "Tudor Hallowtide". National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 October 2014. Hallowtide covers the three days – 31 October (All-Hallows Eve or Hallowe'en), 1 November (All Saints) and 2 November (All Souls). 
  3. ^ Kennedy, David (23 November 2006). Using Common Worship: Times and Seasons Part 1 – All Saints to Candlemas. Church House Publishing. ISBN 0715121138. 
  4. ^ Davis, Kenneth C. (1 November 2005). Mythology. HarperCollins. hlm. 291. ISBN 006019460X. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2012. Together, the three celebrations-the eve of All Saints' Eve, All Saints' Day, and All Souls' Day-were called Hallowmas. 
  5. ^ Flick, Stephen (2009). Christianizing Halloween and Hallowmas. Christian Heritage Fellowship. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 October 2014. The relics related to departed saints were placed on display during the Hallowmas season and special blessings were often promised for the veneration of these relics. In those towns and villages that were too small or poor to host a display of relics, a tradition arose which honored the lives of devoted believers by dressing like and impersonating them. Among some contemporary Christians, similar efforts have been used for the sake of appreciation rather than veneration or worship. 
  6. ^ Portaro, Sam (25 January 1998). A Companion to the Lesser Feasts and Fasts. Cowley Publications. hlm. 199. ISBN 1461660513. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2012. All Saints' Day is the centerpiece of an autumn triduum. In the carnival celebrations of All Hallows' Eve our ancestors used the most powerful weapon in the hoomans arsenal, the power of humor and ridicule to confront the power of death. The following day, in the commemoration of All Saints, we gave witness to the victory of incarnate goodness embodied in remarkable deeds and doers triumphing over the misantrhopy of darkness and devils. And in the commemoration of All Souls we proclaimed the hope of common mortality expressed in our aspirations and expectations of a shared eternity. 
  7. ^ Buko, Andrzej (2008). The Archæology of Early Medieval Poland. Brill Publishers. hlm. 139. ISBN 978-9004162303. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2012. The custom of visiting and cleaning the graves of one's ancestors is still practiced in Poland today on All Hallows (All Saints) Day, 1st November, part of a triduum in the Catholic Church of commemorations of the dead. 
  8. ^ Bannatyne, Lesley Pratt (1 August 1998). Halloween: An American Holiday, an American History. Pelican Publishing. hlm. 12. ISBN 1565543467. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2012. The celebrations on the eve of All Saints, All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day (the three were referred to as Hallowmas) spread throughout Europe. From the British Isles to France to Poland and Italy, the religious remembrance of the ancestral dead became an annual celebration of major importance. 
  9. ^ "The religious origins of Maltese traditional food". Aleteia. 6 December 2022. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2023. Take, for example, another November classic, għadam tal-mejtin: a layer of marzipan sandwiched between sweet pastry and topped with white sugar icing. Its name, literally “bones of the dead,” is a (rather sweet) reminder of the beginning of Allhallowtide, the Christian liturgical season encompassing the triduum of All Saints Eve, All Saints Day, and All Souls Day, followed by the International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church (which is observed on the first Sunday of November) and the subsequent Remembrance Sunday (observed on the second Sunday in November). 
  10. ^ "All Saints' Tide". Services and Prayers for the Season from All Saints to Candlemas. General Synod of the Church of England. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 August 2021. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2015. For many twentieth-century Christians the All Saints-tide period is extended to include Remembrance Sunday. In the Calendar and Lectionary we have sought to make it easier to observe this without cutting across a developing lectionary pattern, and we have reprinted the form of service approved ecumenically for use on that day. 
  11. ^ Dyroff, Denny (28 October 2022). "The spookiest weekend of the year". The Unionville Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 November 2022. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2022. Allhallowtide is the Western Christian season encompassing the triduum of All Saints’ Eve (Halloween), All Saints’ Day (All Hallows’) and All Souls’ Day, as well as the International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church (observed on the first Sunday of November). 
  12. ^ Missett, Bill (2005). Awakening the Soul: Book 2. ISBN 1420886800. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2012. Thus Pope Boniface IV created All Saints Day, known as "All Hallomas" in old English, which was celebrated on November 1. Since Samhain was the day before, it became known as "All Hallows Eve," the origin of the word, "Halloween." The Church furthered its control of All Hallows Eve in the year 1000 A.D. by designating November 2 as All Souls' Day, which was celebrated very similarly to Samhain, with bonfires, parades and costumes. Soon all three holidays became one celebration known as Hallowmas. 
  13. ^ Rebekkah Hughes (29 October 2014). "Happy Hallowe'en Surrey!" (PDF). The Stag. University of Surrey. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 28 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2015. Halloween or Hallowe'en, is the yearly celebration on October 31st that signifies the first day of Allhallowtide, being the time to remember the dead, including martyrs, saints and all faithful departed Christians. 
  14. ^ Hutton, Ronald (1996). Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in BritainPerlu mendaftar (gratis). New York: Oxford Paperbacks. ISBN 0-19-285448-8. the Felire of Oengus and the Martyrology of Tallaght prove that the early medieval churches [in Ireland] celebrated the feast of All Saints on 20 April 
  15. ^ Lillie, Eva Louise; Petersen, Nils Holger (1996). Eva Louise Lillie, Nils Holger Petersen (editors), Liturgy and the Arts in the Middle Ages (Museum Tusculanum Press 1996 ISBN 978-87-7289361-7), p. 172. ISBN 9788772893617. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2014. 
  16. ^ "Allhallowtide". Oxford English Dictionary. 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 18 September 2014. 
  17. ^ Chambers, Allied (1998). The Chambers Dictionary. Allied Publishers. hlm. 2. ISBN 9788186062258. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2014. tide combining form denoting a time or season (usu attached to a church festival, as in Christmas-tide, Easter-tide) 
  18. ^ Toone, William (1834). A Glossary and Etymological Dictionary. Bennett. hlm. 276. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2012. 
  19. ^ Donnelly, Mark Donnelly; Diehl, Daniel (1 May 2001). Medieval Celebrations: How to Plan Holidays, Weddings, and Reenactments with Recipes, Customs, Costumes, Decorations, Songs, Dances, and Games. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0811728668. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2012. November 1st. All Hallows' Day, or All Saints' Day. The word hallow was simply another word for saint. The feast was dedicated to all the truly holy people in the history of Christianity. The traditional color for this festival was white.