Daftar perusahaan yang terlibat Holokaus
Daftar ini memuat perusahaan-perusahaan yang ada semasa Perang Dunia II dan tercatat telah mendapat keuntungan akibat partisipasinya dalam Holocaust.
Nama perusahaan
|
Tahun berdiri
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Asal
|
Kegiatan
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Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe[butuh rujukan]
|
Tidak diketahui
|
Jerman
|
|
Eisenwerke Oberdonau[butuh rujukan]
|
Tidak diketahui
|
Jerman/ Austria
|
|
Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark[1]
|
Tidak diketahui
|
Lower Austria, Austria
|
|
Barclays Bank[2][3]
|
1690
|
London, Inggris
|
|
Krupp[4][5] (kini bagian ThyssenKrupp)
|
1811
|
Essen, Jerman
|
|
Sulzer[6]
|
1834
|
Winterthur, Swiss
|
|
Degussa AG (kini Evonik Industries)[7][8][9]
|
1843
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Frankfurt, Jerman
|
|
Siemens[9][10]
|
1847
|
Kreuzberg, Berlin, Jerman
|
|
Opel (cabang General Motors)[butuh rujukan]
|
1862
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Rüsselsheim am Main, Jerman
|
|
Bayer[9][11]
|
1863
|
Barmen, Jerman
|
|
Steyr-Daimler-Puch[12]
|
1864
|
Steyr, Austria
|
|
BASF[9][13]
|
1865
|
Mannheim, Jerman
|
|
Nestlé[14][15]
|
1866
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Vevey, Swiss
|
|
Deutsche Bank[9][16]
|
1870
|
Berlin, Jerman
|
|
Standard Oil[17]
|
1870
|
Cleveland, Ohio, AS
|
|
Hoesch AG[9]
|
1871
|
Dortmund, Jerman
|
|
Dresdner Bank[9][18][19]
|
1872
|
Dresden, Jerman
|
|
Topf and Sons[20]
|
1878
|
Erfurt, Jerman
|
|
Chase National Bank[21][22][23]
|
1877
|
Manhattan, New York, AS
|
|
Deutsche Bergwerks- und Hüttenbau[24]
|
Akhir 1800-an
|
Jerman
|
|
AEG
|
1883
|
Jerman
|
|
Franz Eher Nachfolger[25]
|
1887
|
Munich, Jerman
|
|
Accumulatoren-Fabrik AFA[26]
|
1888
|
Hagen, Jerman
|
|
Allianz[27]
|
1890
|
Berlin, Jerman
|
|
Thyssen AG (kini bagian ThyssenKrupp)[9]
|
1891
|
Hamborn, Jerman
|
|
Junkers[28]:118
|
1895
|
Dessau, Jerman
|
|
Dehomag (cabang IBM)[29][30][31]
|
1896
|
Jerman
|
|
Audi (Auto Union)[butuh rujukan]
|
1910
|
Zwickau, Jerman
|
|
BMW[9][32][33]
|
1916
|
Munich, Jerman
|
|
ITT Inc.
|
1920
|
Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA
|
|
Heinkel[28]:118
|
1922
|
Warnemünde, Jerman
|
|
Jumo[28]:118
|
1923
|
Dessau, Jerman
|
|
Focke-Wulf[28]:118
|
1924
|
Bremen, Jerman
|
|
Hugo Boss[34]
|
1924
|
Metzingen, Jerman
|
|
Ford Jerman[35]
|
1925
|
Berlin, Jerman
|
|
IG Farben[4]
|
1925
|
Frankfurt am Main, Jerman
|
|
Mercedes-Benz (serta pemiliknya, Daimler-Benz)[9][36][37]
|
1926
|
Stuttgart, Jerman
|
|
Porsche[38]
|
1931
|
Stuttgart, Jerman
|
|
Reichswerke Hermann Göring[39]
|
1937
|
Berlin, Jerman
|
|
Volkswagen Group[9][38][40]
|
1937
|
Berlin, Jerman
|
|
DEST[41]
|
1938
|
Berlin, Jerman
|
|
Messerschmitt[42]
|
1938
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Augsburg, Jerman
|
|
Hilti
|
1941
|
Schaan, Liechtenstein
|
|
Referensi
- ^ Bartrop, Paul R.; Dickerman, Michael (2017). The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 volumes] (dalam bahasa Inggris). ABC-CLIO. hlm. 427. ISBN 9781440840845.
- ^ "Barclays to Compensate Jews". BBC News. BBC.com. December 17, 1998. Diakses tanggal September 13, 2013.
- ^ "World: Europe US banks gave Jewish money to Nazis". BBC News. BBC. February 3, 1999. Diakses tanggal September 13, 2013.
- ^ a b Göring, Hermann,; Weinberg, Gerhard L.; International Military Tribunal. (1971). Trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945-1 October 1946. IX. Nuremberg Ger. ISBN 978-0-404-53650-3.
- ^ "Krupp AG | German company". Encyclopedia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-02-17.
- ^ Switzerland, National Socialism and the Second World War: Final Report. Contributed to by Jean-François Bergier. Berghahn Books. 2003. ISBN 9783858426031.
- ^ Wiesen, S. Jonathan (2005-11-16). "From Cooperation to Complicity: Degussa in the Third Reich (review)". Holocaust and Genocide Studies (dalam bahasa Inggris). 19 (3): 528–531. ISSN 1476-7937.
- ^ Bernstein, Richard (2003-11-14). "Berlin Holocaust Shrine Stays With Company Tied to Nazi Gas". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-18.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "German industry unveils Holocaust fund". BBC News. 1999-02-16. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-18.
- ^ Wiesen, S. Jonathan (2012-10-30). "German Industry and the Third Reich: Fifty Years of Forgetting and Remembering". Braun Holocaust Institute. "Anti-Defamation League". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-30. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-19.
- ^ Moskowitz, Sanford L. (2009). "Bayer". Dalam Charles Wankel (ed.). Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World. 1. SAGE Publications. hlm. 126–128.
- ^ Orth, Karin (2010). "Camps". Dalam Peter Hayes, John K. Roth (eds.). The Oxford handbook of Holocaust studies. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211869.003.0025. ISBN 978-0-19-921186-9.
- ^ "IG Farben to be dissolved". BBC (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2001-09-17. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-18.
- ^ "Nestlé used slave labor". BBC (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2004-01-15. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-11.
- ^ "Nestlé paid $14.6 million for using slave labor". BBC (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2000-08-28. Archived from the original on 2015-07-03. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-11.
- ^ Schmid, John; Tribune, International Herald (1999-02-05). "Deutsche Bank Linked To Auschwitz Funding". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-17.
- ^ Bruer, William (2002-06-18). "Standard Oil provided the Nazis with fuel for their U-boats, on some occasions even giving Germans the first pick of oil fields". Diakses tanggal 2018-11-11.
- ^ Young, Marc (2006-02-18). "Dresdner Bank and the Third Reich: Hitler's Willing Bankers". Spiegel Online. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-18.
- ^ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "Report: German Bank Helped Build Auschwitz | Business| Economy and finance news from a German perspective | DW | 23.01.2006". DW.COM (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-02-18.
- ^ Alan Rosenberg; Gerald Eugene Myers (2009). Echoes From The Holocaust: Philosophical Reflections on a Dark Time. Temple University Press. hlm. 276. ISBN 978-1-4399-0161-8.
- ^ "Thousands of Intelligence Documents Opened under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act" (Siaran pers). National Archives and Records Administration. May 13, 2004. Diakses tanggal September 13, 2012.
- ^ Breitman, Richard; Goda, Norman; Naftali, Timothy; Wolfe, Robert (April 4, 2005). "Banking on Hitler: Chase National Bank and the Rückwanderer Mark Scheme, 1936–1941". U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 173–202. ISBN 978-0521617949. Diakses tanggal September 13, 2013.
- ^ Yeadon, Glen; Hawkins, John (June 1, 2008). The Nazi Hydra in America: Suppressed History of a Century. Joshua Tree, California: Progressive Press. hlm. 195. Diakses tanggal September 13, 2013.
- ^ Tuvia Friling (1 July 2014). A Jewish Kapo in Auschwitz: History, Memory, and the Politics of Survival. Brandeis University Press. hlm. 52. ISBN 978-1-61168-587-9.
- ^ Tavernaro, Thomas (2004). Der Verlag Hitlers und der NSDAP: die Franz Eher Nachfolger GmbH. Wien: Edition Praesens. ISBN 978-3-7069-0220-5.
- ^ Edmondson, Gail (2007-10-10). "BMW's Quandt Family Faces Its Nazi Past". Bloomberg Businessweek.
- ^ Richard Sandomir (September 10, 2008). "Naming Rights and Historical Wrongs". New York Times. Diakses tanggal July 16, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Vajda, Ferenc A.; Dancey, Peter (1998). German Aircraft Industry and Production, 1933-1945 (dalam bahasa Inggris). McFarland. ISBN 9781853108648.
- ^ Edwin Black (2001). IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Jerman and America's Most Powerful Corporation. ISBN 0-316-85769-6.
- ^ Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray, "Computer a History of the Information Machine – Second Edition", Westview Press, p. 37, 2004.
- ^ See IBM during World War II
- ^ "MUNICH-ALLACH: WORKING FOR BMW". www.ausstellung-zwangsarbeit.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 3 April 2016.
- ^ Kay, Anthony (2002). German Jet Engine and Gas Turbine Development 1930–1945. Airlife Publishing. ISBN 9781840372946.
- ^ Köster, Roman. "Hugo Boss, 1924-1945. A Clothing Factory During the Weimar Republic and Third Reich" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-11-08. Diakses tanggal 17 February 2018.
- ^ Wallace, Max. (2003). The American axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the rise of the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
- ^ Services, From Times Wire (1988-06-12). "Daimler-Benz to Pay $12 Million for War Forced Labor". Los Angeles Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0458-3035. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-17.
- ^ Klara, Robert (2015-09-13). "Hitler's car exerts grim fascination even if it just gave the Führer a lift to the airport". the Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2018-02-17.
- ^ a b Hawranek, Dietmar (2009-07-21). "Designing Cars for Hitler: Porsche and Volkswagen's Nazi Roots". Spiegel Online. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-17.
- ^ Overy, R.J. (1995). War and economy in the Third Reich. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820599-6.
- ^ Clairmont, Frederic F. "Volkswagen's history of forced labor". Le Monde Diplomatique. Diakses tanggal 3 September 2011.
- ^ Rudolf A. Haunschmied; Jan-Ruth Mills; Siegi Witzany-Durda (2007). St. Georgen - Gusen - Mauthausen: Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered. BoD – Books on Demand. hlm. 45. ISBN 978-3-8334-7440-8.
- ^ "Gusen". www.ushmm.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Diakses tanggal 28 July 2018.
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