非洲氣候變化(英語:Climate change in Africa)是個日益嚴重的威脅,原因是這個大陸非常容易受到氣候變化影響。[1][2][3]一些消息來源甚至將非洲歸類為“地球上最脆弱的大陸”。[4][5]這種脆弱性是由一系列因素所導致,包括調適能力薄弱、當地人生計高度依賴生態系統所產以及農業生產技術落後。[6]氣候變化對非洲農業生產、糧食安全、水資源和生態系統服務造成的風險會對當地人的生活和可持續發展前景產生日益嚴重的影響。[7]IPCC在2007年預測許多非洲國家和地區的農業生產和糧食安全會因氣候變率與變化而受到嚴重損害(高置信度)。[7]管理此一風險需要將緩解和調適戰略納入生態系統產品和服務,以及非洲農業生產系統之內。[8]
2015年聯合國氣候變化大會(即《聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約》第21次締約方會議,以及《京都議定書》第11次締約方會議)期間,非洲國家元首發起非洲調適倡議( Africa Adaptation Initiative,AAI)。 AAI指導委員會由非洲部長級環境會議(African Ministerial Conference on Environment ,AMCEN)主席團和非洲談判小組(African Group of Negotiators,AGN)主席組成。[135]非洲調適倡議也得到歐盟的支持。[136]歐盟與非洲聯盟合作,促進可持續資源管理、氣候變化調適與減緩。[137]
根據歐洲投資銀行發表的《2021年非洲銀行業研究(Banking in Africa study 2021)》報告,非洲金融業越來越意識到處理氣候變化風險的必要性,並開始把握綠色投資的機會。例如研究中有54%的受訪銀行將氣候變化視為戰略問題,超過40%的銀行人員關注氣候相關領域。[145]撒哈拉以南非洲地區的銀行正在增加其數位化產品,而Covid-19疫情將此一進程加速。大多數受訪銀行表示疫情加快其數位化轉型的速度,且這種轉變已成為一種必然。[146][147][133]
南部非洲在特定地方、一般地方、國家和區域範圍內已採取多項目的為加強應對氣候變化的倡議。其中有:區域氣候變化計劃 (Regional Climate Change Programme,RCCP)、[172]南部非洲氣候變化與調適土地管理科學服務中心(The Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management,SASSCAL、[173]半乾旱地區大規模調適(Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions,ASSAR)、[[174]聯合國開發署氣候變化調適、[175]林波波河盆地韌性計畫(Resilience in the Limpopo Basin Program,RESILIM,由美國國際開發署與南非共同提供資金及管理)、[176][177]為未來南非城市與土地建立韌性(Future Resilience for African Cities and Lands,FRACTAL)。[178]南非於2012年4至2014年6月實施長期適應情景旗艦研究計劃(LTAS)。此研究還製作涵蓋南部非洲發展共同體地區的概況介紹和技術報告,報告標題為“氣候變化調適:南部非洲發展共同體(SADC) 的展望” )”。[179]
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African Climate Policy Centre (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (ACCP) goal is to contribute to poverty reduction through successful mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Africa and to improve the capacity of African countries to participate effectively in multilateral climate negotiations.
African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis 2050 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (AMMA-2050) aim to address the challenges of understanding how the monsoon will change in future decades, to 2050, and how this information can be most effectively used to support climate-compatible development in the region.