地球生命的歷史與多個時空尺度的環境變化密切相關。[1]氣候變化是長期天氣模式的平均變化,地球的局部、區域和全球氣候由此決定。這類變化具有廣泛且可觀測到的影響,這些影響與氣候變化的意思相同。[2]氣候變化指的是任何預期的重大及長期的變化,無論源自自然變化或是由人類活動所造成。有許多電腦模型可用來預測氣候變化對植物多樣性的影響(英語:Effects of climate change on plant biodiversity),但最常使用的是生物氣候模型。[3][4]
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