鋸針蟻屬
鋸針蟻屬的工蟻
科学分类
界：
动物界 Animalia
门：
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：
昆虫纲 Insecta
目：
膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：
蟻科 Formicidae
亚科：
針蟻亞科 Ponerinae
族：
鋸針蟻族 Odontomachini
属：
鋸針蟻屬 Odontomachus Latreille, 1804
模式種
Odontomachus haematodus
鋸針蟻屬 (Odontomachus 大齿猛蚁属， 隸屬蟻科 針蟻亞科 ，棲息於熱帶 和亞熱帶 ，為肉食性。
鋸針蟻屬具有觸發式大顎 (trap-jaw)，大顎能以極快的速度關上，以捕捉獵物或是透過反作用力彈飛自己躲避敵人。
鋸針蟻屬英文俗名trap-jaw ants ，鋸針蟻屬有一對發達的大顎，打開的角度可達180度。大顎可以透過內部的結構固定在打開的姿勢，大顎的內部生有一對用來感知的板機毛 (trigger-hair)，當獵物觸碰到板機毛 (trigger-hair) 時大顎便會快速關上，大顎強而有力，且運動速度極快，鋸針蟻屬的英文俗名便是由此而來，大顎命中獵物時會殺死或使獵物殘廢。如果大顎沒有命中目標，鋸針蟻屬可以重複地固定大顎、擊發大顎，除此之外，鋸針蟻屬也可以像其他螞蟻一樣正常開闔大顎。鋸針蟻屬也會利用大顎來擊飛敵人，或是彈飛自己以躲避敵人[ 1] [ 2]
O. hastatus 的頭部鋸針蟻屬的幼蟲外形特殊[ 3] [ 4] [ 4] [ 5]
鋸針蟻屬大顎運動的速度是動物界中第二快的[ 1] Mystrium camillae[ 6] Odontomachus bauri
Enoplomischus [ 7]
鋸針蟻屬分布於中南美洲、亞洲、澳洲與非洲[ 8] Odontomachus haematodus 1956年在阿拉巴馬州被記錄到，但近期研究者指出該物種已沿著墨西哥灣散播，最遠至佛羅里達州的彭薩科拉[ 9] Odontomachus ruginodis 的分布範圍被認為侷限在奧蘭多地區，而近期有一筆 O . ruginodis 的紀錄出現在奧蘭多北邊超過100英里處，位於佛羅里達州的蓋恩斯維爾[ 10] Odontomachus relictus 則只在佛羅里達中部發現，棲息於長有灌木叢的沙脊地形中[ 11]
O. haematodus 的幼蟲Odontomachus paleomyagra Odontomachus pseudobauri
共73個現生物種，3個化石物種[ 12]
Odontomachus aciculatus F. Smith , 1863近缘大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus affinis Guerin-Meneville , 1844Odontomachus alius Sorger & Zettel, 2011 Odontomachus allolabis Kempf, 1974 Odontomachus angulatus Mayr, 1866 Odontomachus animosus Smith, 1860 Odontomachus assiniensis Emery, 1892 Odontomachus banksi Forel, 1910 Odontomachus bauri Emery, 1892 Odontomachus biolleyi Forel, 1908 Odontomachus biumbonatus Brown, 1976 Odontomachus bradleyi Brown, 1976 Odontomachus brunneus (Patton, 1894) Odontomachus caelatus Brown, 1976 Odontomachus cephalotes Smith, 1863 (Indonesia, Australia, etc.)Odontomachus chelifer (Latreille, 1802) 环纹大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus circulus Wang, 1993
Odontomachus clarus Roger, 1861 Odontomachus coquereli Roger, 1861 Odontomachus cornutus Stitz, 1933 Odontomachus desertorum Wheeler, 1915 Odontomachus erythrocephalus Emery, 1890 Odontomachus floresensis Brown, 1976 (Indonesia: Flores)光亮大齿猛蚁Odontomachus fulgidus Wang, 1993
粒纹大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus granatus Wang, 1993
血色大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus haematodus (Linnaeus , 1758) (South America, introduced to Australia prior to 1876); type species
Odontomachus hastatus (Fabricius , 1804) Odontomachus imperator Emery, 1887 Odontomachus infandus Smith, 1858 Odontomachus insularis Guérin-Méneville, 1844 Odontomachus kuroiwae (Matsumura, 1912) Odontomachus laticeps Roger, 1861 Odontomachus latidens Mayr, 1867 Odontomachus latissimus Viehmeyer, 1914 Odontomachus malignus Smith, 1859 Odontomachus mayi Mann, 1912 Odontomachus meinerti Forel, 1905 Odontomachus minangkabau Satria, Kurushima, Herwina, Yamane & Eguchi, 2015 Odontomachus montanus Stitz, 1925 山大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus monticola Emery, 1892 高山锯针蚁 妖大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus mormo Brown, 1976
Odontomachus nigriceps Smith, 1860 Odontomachus opaciventris Forel, 1899 Odontomachus opaculus Viehmeyer, 1912 †Odontomachus paleomyagra Wappler, Dlussky, Engel, Prokop & Knor, 2014 [ 13]
Odontomachus panamensis Forel, 1899 Odontomachus papuanus Emery, 1887 Odontomachus pararixosus Terayama & Ito, 2014 Odontomachus peruanus Stitz, 1933 Odontomachus philippinus Emery, 1893 Odontomachus procerus Emery, 1893 †Odontomachus pseudobauri (De Andrade, 1994)
Odontomachus relictus Deyrup & Cover, 2004 争吵大齿猛蚁Odontomachus rixosus Smith, 1857
Odontomachus ruficeps Smith, 1858 (Australia)Odontomachus rufithorax Emery, 1911 Odontomachus ruginodis Smith, 1937 Odontomachus saevissimus Smith, 1858 Odontomachus scalptus Brown, 1978 Odontomachus schoedli Sorger & Zettel, 2011 Odontomachus scifictus Sorger & Zettel, 2011 西氏大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus silvestrii W.M. Wheeler , 1927
Odontomachus simillimus F. Smith, 1858 (Australia, Fiji , etc.)†Odontomachus spinifer De Andrade, 1994
Odontomachus spissus Kempf, 1962 Odontomachus sumbensis Brown, 1976 直齿大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus tensus Wang, 1993
Odontomachus testaceus Emery, 1897 Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi, 1914 (Africa, Madagascar, Inner Seychelles)Odontomachus turneri Forel, 1900 (Australia)Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, 1859 西藏大齿猛蚁 Odontomachus xizangensis Wang, 1993
Odontomachus yucatecus Brown, 1976
^ 1.0 1.1 Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV. Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants (PDF ) . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 22 August 2006, 103 (34): 12787–12792 [7 June 2008] . PMC 1568925 PMID 16924120 doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103 存档 (PDF) 于2014-08-31）. ^ Ant Jaws Break Speed Record （页面存档备份 ，存于互联网档案馆 ） — Videos of Odontomachus jumping using its jaws^ Pappas, Stephanie; May 11, Live Science Contributor |; ET, 2017 07:41am. Weird Ants Have Hairy Blobs for Babies . Live Science. [2019-06-28 ] . （原始内容存档 于2020-11-30）. ^ 4.0 4.1 Fox, E.G.P.; Smith, A.A.; Gibson, J.C.; Solis, D.R. Larvae of trap-jaw ants, Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): morphology and biological notes . The Austrian Society of Entomofaunistics. 2017 [2020-03-06 ] . doi:10.25849/myrmecol.news_025:017 存档 于2021-02-25）. ^ How Trap-Jaw Ants Develop From Larvae Stages [Watch] . Science Times. 2017-05-10 [2019-06-28 ] . （原始内容存档 于2019-06-28） （英语） . ^ Dracula ants possess fastest known animal appendage: The snap-jaw . ScienceDaily. [2018-12-12 ] . （原始内容存档 于2020-11-08）. ^ Wesołowska, W. A new species of Enoplomischus from Kenya (Araneae: Salticidae: Leptorchestinae) (PDF) . Genus. 2005, 16 (2): 307–311. （原始内容 (PDF) 存档于2007-03-15）. ^ Schmidt, C. A.; Shattuck, S. O. The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior. Zootaxa . 2014, 3817 (1): 1–242. PMID 24943802 doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 ^ Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States . Entomology Today. 20 June 2014 [20 June 2014] . （原始内容存档 于2021-01-28）. One species called Odontomachus haematodu s was unofficially recorded in Alabama back in 1956. But now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast, at least as far east as Pensacola, Florida. ^ Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States . Entomology Today. 20 June 2014 [20 June 2014] . （原始内容存档 于2021-01-28）. As recently as a few years ago, another species called Odontomachus ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region, and points south. But now Sorger has confirmed a record of ruginodis more than a hundred miles north of Orlando, in Gainesville, Florida. ^ Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States . Entomology Today. 20 June 2014 [20 June 2014] . （原始内容存档 于2021-01-28）. Not all of the trap-jaw species are on the move, however. Sorger also studies Odontomachus relictus , a species that is found only in endangered scrub habitat on central Florida’s ancient sand ridges. ^ An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World by Barry Bolton . [2020-03-06 ] . （原始内容存档 于2021-04-25）. ^ An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World: O. paleomyagra . [2020-03-06 ] . （原始内容存档 于2015-09-23）.
