^Andre Gerolymatos and André Gerolymatos(2003年),《The Balkan Wars: Conquest, Revolution, and Retribution from the Ottoman Era to the Twentieth Century and Beyond》,第28頁,Basic Books,ISBN 0-465-02732-6
^Justin McCarthy(1997年),《The Ottoman Turks: An Introductory History to 1923》,第51頁,Longman,ISBN 0-582-25655-0
^Stanford J. Shaw(1976年),《History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808》,第37頁,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-29163-1
^Steven Runciman(1990年),《The Fall of Constantinople 1453 (Canto)》,第41頁,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-39832-0
^Robert Spencer(2005年),《The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (and the Crusades) 》,第156頁,Regnery Publishing, Inc.,ISBN 0-89526-013-1
^Elaine Wright, Wheeler Thackston, Susan Stronge, and Steven Cohen(2008年),《Muraqqa': Imperial Mughal Albums from the Chester Beatty Library》,第14頁,Art Services International,ISBN 0-88397-154-2
^ 10.010.1Colin Imber(2004年),《The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power》,第18頁,Palgrave Macmillan,ISBN 0-333-61387-2
^David Nicolle and Angus Mcbride(1983年),《Armies of the Ottoman Turks, 1300-1774》,第33頁,Osprey Publishing,ISBN 0-85045-511-1
^Maria Bonn(2005年),《Christian pamphlets. Vol. 14》,第35頁,Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library,ISBN 1-4255-6994-3
^Caroline Finkel(2007年),《Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire》,第32頁,Basic Books,ISBN 0-465-02397-5
^William Ochsenwald and Sydney Nettleton Fisher(2003年),《The Middle East: A History》,第171頁,McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages,ISBN 0-07-244233-6
^Kate Fleet(2009),《The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 1, Byzantium to Turkey, 1071-1453》,第45頁,Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-62093-7
^《History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808》,第39頁