选民 (神学)

选民,即天選之人,是指「被神所拣选的人」。常常被視為是神挑選,实现天命(例如在地上充当先知)的人、甚至是一個受神喜愛的族群。这个词汇特别是用以指以色列人,因为在《旧约圣经·出埃及记》中提到,希伯来人是神特选的子民,将来救世主弥赛亚要降临,拯救以色列人。以色列人还占有“神的话”或“神的律法”,是以神向摩西传达《摩西五经》的方式。亞伯拉罕宗教中,犹太人基督徒回教徒穆斯林),都声称自己接受了神的启示,认为自己是神的选民。

古時道教有類似的思想,稱之種民善種人

被拣选的目的

南北戰爭時,主要由基督徒构成的美国奴隶主以自己的觀點和經歷认为自己是「神所选定」,可以擁有奴隸,讓社會更加進步。与此相反,同样主要由基督徒构成的废奴主义者,包括納粹黨,也认为自己是神所选定给奴隶带来自由和平等的权利。二次大戰時,白人至上主义者相信雅利安人是「神所选定」而优越的,支配其他低等民族是他们的使命。许多宗教和慈善组织认为自己是「神所选定」来照顾病人和受苦的人。然而,被揀選的目的應當以《聖經》的原文的原始理解為基準。以上所提到的所有看法均是以某個階層或者是某個團體自身的觀念與經歷出發的,不一定是《聖經》中的原意。

被拣选获得启示

许多宗教相信神向先知启示了一些信息。基督宗教回教的大部分教派都教导说,他们的信仰,是唯一使人得到拯救的道路。基督宗教與回教的少数教派,以及犹太教印度教锡克教则相信其他宗教的信徒,只要行善,也可以通过自己的方式到達神的國

民族优越感

选民的观念有时会带来民族优越感,批评者认为这一观念带来了文化帝国主义种族主义排外主义。不过基督徒和犹太人争辩说,选民的身份带来的更多的是责任和奉献,而不是特权。神道教教义中日本人是神选民族,日本是神造国家。

犹太教

犹太教中,相信以色列人是被神拣选与他立约的选民。这种观念与他们传统的部落(支派)观念并无联系,因为非犹太人也能够成为犹太人。

犹太教的选民观念首先见于《摩西五经》。

基督教

過往的基督信仰认为基督徒已经取代以色列人成为神的选民。根据这种观点,对以色列的拣选最终将通过耶稣基督的教训来实现,犹太人拒绝基督信仰,不承认耶稣弥赛亚,更不是上帝的儿子,就不再拥有选民资格。基督取代论者引《新約聖經》来支持他们的观点,说基督徒已取代犹太人成为神的选民和亚伯拉罕的后裔:“没有犹太人或希腊人,没有为奴的或自主的,也没有男和女,因为你们众人在基督耶稣裏,都是一了。你们既属于基督,就是亚伯拉罕的后裔,是照着应许为后嗣了。”[1]

加尔文主义

加爾文主義不同於其他宗派的特點,就是極其強調「預選說」,加爾文繼承了奧古斯丁的理念,認為上帝早已預先擇定天選之人耶穌之死為那些天選之人贖罪,不是為世上所有的人。天選之人將獲得永生,且不可能抗拒上帝的救恩,天選之人一次得救永遠得救,不可能墮落;但未蒙天選的人則會永墮地獄,而且上帝讓人升入天堂是無條件的揀選,亦不需要行善積德,更不須購買贖罪券

非传统教派

基督复临安息日会

基督复临安息日会认为,安息日会信徒就是启示录12章17节所说,上帝在末日时期选召的“守神诫命、为耶稣作见证”的餘民(Remnant),向世界传扬启示录14章的“三位天使之信息”(three angels' messages)。

後期聖徒運動

後期聖徒運動中,认为所有加入教會都是与神立约、或被选召的人。

世界和平統一家庭聯合會

文鲜明教导说,韩国是蒙神拣选的国度,负有神圣的使命。[2]

回教

許多回教徒相信回教是專屬於他們的宗教,所以真主阿拉只會救援回教徒。而另一部分回教徒,相信阿拉會救援每一个好人,可能是有經各派,甚至不分教派。回教徒相信,真主阿拉基督徒耶和華犹太人四字神,是同一位神,詳見《可兰经》。

印度教

印度教并不强调在國際上选民的概念。大体上,印度教相信通过实践真理和精神修炼来达到解脱,神是公正的。但是在國內用種姓制刻意維護統治者的利益。

参考文献

  1. ^ 加拉太书3:28-29
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2007-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2018-04-18). 

参见

扩展阅读

Read other articles:

Roman conquest of Italy from 588 BC to 7 BC This article is about the unification of Italy by the Roman Republic. For Justinian's Italian campaign, see Gothic War (535–554). Roman expansion in Italy from 500 BC to 218 BC through the Latin War (light red), Samnite Wars (pink/orange), Pyrrhic War (beige), and First and Second Punic War (yellow and green). Cisalpine Gaul (238–146 BC) and Alpine valleys (16–7 BC) were later added. The Roman Republic in 500 BC is marked with dark red. Part of a…

American college basketball season 2017–18 Purdue Boilermakers men's basketballSummer Universiade Silver MedalistsNCAA tournament, Sweet SixteenConferenceBig Ten ConferenceRankingCoachesNo. 9APNo. 11Record30–7 (15–3 Big Ten)Head coachMatt Painter (13th season)Assistant coaches Brandon Brantley Greg Gary Steve Lutz Home arenaMackey ArenaSeasons← 2016–172018–19 → 2017–18 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings vte Conf Overall Team W …

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского посел…

周處除三害The Pig, The Snake and The Pigeon正式版海報基本资料导演黃精甫监制李烈黃江豐動作指導洪昰顥编剧黃精甫主演阮經天袁富華陳以文王淨李李仁謝瓊煖配乐盧律銘林孝親林思妤保卜摄影王金城剪辑黃精甫林雍益制片商一種態度電影股份有限公司片长134分鐘产地 臺灣语言國語粵語台語上映及发行上映日期 2023年10月6日 (2023-10-06)(台灣) 2023年11月2日 (2023-11-02)(香港、…

Odet de Coligny de Châtilloncardinale di Santa Romana ChiesaJean Clouet, Ritratto del cardinale de Coligny (1555 circa); disegno su carta, Musée Condé, Chantilly.  Incarichi ricoperti Cardinale diacono dei Santi Sergio e Bacco (1533-1549) Amministratore apostolico di Tolosa (1534-1550) Amministratore apostolico di Beauvais (1535-1563) Abate commendatario di Saint-Lucien de Beauvais (1537-1563) Abate commendatario di Froidmont (1547-1563) Abate commendatario di Sainte-Trinité de la Lucer…

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Hangaroa (rivière). Pour les articles homonymes, voir Roa. Hanga Roa Vue aérienne de Hanga Roa en 2018. Administration Pays Chili Région Valparaíso Province Île de Pâques Maire Mandat Pedro Edmunds Paoa 2016 - 2020 Démographie Population 7 322 hab. (2017) Géographie Coordonnées 27° 08′ 57″ sud, 109° 25′ 56″ ouest Localisation Géolocalisation sur la carte : île de Pâques Hanga Roa modifier  Han…

  关于与「內閣總理大臣」標題相近或相同的条目页,請見「內閣總理大臣 (消歧義)」。 日本國內閣總理大臣內閣總理大臣紋章現任岸田文雄自2021年10月4日在任尊称總理、總理大臣、首相、阁下官邸總理大臣官邸提名者國會全體議員選出任命者天皇任期四年,無連任限制[註 1]設立法源日本國憲法先前职位太政大臣(太政官)首任伊藤博文设立1885年12月22日,​…

The following is a list of characters from the manga and anime series Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch. They are grouped according to their roles in the series. Wherever possible, the spelling of the names are taken from the English translation of the Pichi Pichi Pitch manga. Otherwise, spellings are based on those used on official merchandise. Main characters Three DVD covers showing the three forms of the main characters Lucia Nanami (blonde), Hanon Hosho (blue), and Rina Toin (green): mermaid…

Attitudes based on preconceived categories For other uses, see Prejudice (disambiguation). Mr. Prejudice, painted by Horace Pippin in 1943, depicts a personal view of race relations in the United States. Part of a series onDiscrimination Forms Institutional Structural Statistical Taste-based Attributes Age Caste Class Dialect Disability Genetic Hair texture Height Language Looks Mental disorder Race / Ethnicity Skin color Scientific racism Rank Sex Sexual orientation Species Size Viewpo…

Bitcoin mining facility in Quebec, Canada The environmental effects of bitcoin are significant. Bitcoin mining, the process by which bitcoins are created and transactions are finalized, is energy-consuming and results in carbon emissions, as about half of the electricity used is generated through fossil fuels.[1] Moreover, bitcoins are mined on specialized computer hardware with a short lifespan, resulting in electronic waste.[2] The amount of e-waste generated by bitcoin mining …

American software company, developer of MongoDB MongoDB, Inc.MongoDB's office in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFormerly10gen, Inc. (2007–2013)Company typePublicTraded asNasdaq: MDB (Class A)Nasdaq-100 componentIndustrySoftwareFounded2007; 17 years ago (2007)Founders Kevin P. Ryan Eliot Horowitz Dwight Merriman HeadquartersParamount PlazaNew York City, U.S.Area servedWorldwideKey people Dev Ittycheria (CEO) Tom Killalea (Chairman) ProductsMongoDBRevenue US$1.68 billion (2024)Opera…

Computer intended for use by an individual person This article is about the general concept of a personal computer (PC). For the specific architecture often meant by PC in industry jargon, see IBM PC compatible. An artist's depiction of a 2000s-era desktop-style personal computer, which includes a metal case with the computing components, a display monitor and a keyboard (mouse not shown) A personal computer, often referred to as a PC, is a computer designed for individual use.[1] It is …

Conferenza politica consultiva del popolo cinese中国人民政治协商会议Zhōngguó Rénmín Zhèngzhì Xiéshāng HuìyìEmblema della Conferenza politica consultiva del popolo cinese Stato Cina In carica(Partito Comunista Cinese) Istituito21 settembre 1949 Leader Presidente: Wang Huning (PCC)[1] Segretario generale: Wang Dongming (PCC)[1] Vicepresidenti Shi Taifeng (PCC)[1] Hu Chunhua (PCC)[1] Shen Yueyue (PCC)[1] Wang …

الإصلاح الاقتصادي في العراق يقصد به قرارات سلطة التحالف المؤقتة لتغيير اقتصاد العراق بشكل جذري في أعقاب الغزو الذي قادته الولايات المتحدة عام 2003. كان للعراق قبل الاحتلال الأمريكي اقتصاد مخطط مركزيًا. حظرت بموجبه الملكية الأجنبية للشركات العراقية، وأديرت معظم الصناعات الك…

Disambiguazione – PIL rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi PIL (disambigua). Mappa degli Stati per PIL (in dollari), basata sui dati della Banca Mondiale del 2014 In economia, il prodotto interno lordo (abbreviato PIL) è una grandezza macroeconomica che misura il valore aggregato, a prezzi di mercato, di tutti i beni e i servizi finali (cioè esclusi i prodotti intermedi) prodotti sul territorio di un Paese in un dato periodo temporale (normalmente si usa come riferim…

645 military campaign between Goguryeo and Silla First conflict of the Goguryeo–Tang WarPart of the Goguryeo–Tang WarMap of the first conflict of the Goguryeo–Tang War in 645.Date645–648LocationLiaodong Peninsula, Korean Peninsula, Bohai Sea, and Yellow SeaResult Goguryeo victory[1][2][3][4]Belligerents TangEastern GöktürksSilla GoguryeoMoheCommanders and leaders Emperor TaizongLi ShijiLi Daozong (WIA)Zhangsun WujiZhang LiangYuchi JingdeQibi Heli…

London to Portsmouth road in England This article is about the A3 road in Great Britain. For other roads named A3, see List of A3 roads. A3Route informationLength72 mi (116 km)Major junctionsNorth-east endCity of London51°30′39″N 0°05′12″W / 51.5108°N 0.0866°W / 51.5108; -0.0866 (A3 road (northern end))Major intersections A2 A23 A24 A205 M25 A31 A3(M) A27 M27 M275South-west endPortsmouth Harbour50°47′30″N 1°06′31″W&#x…

1935 discredited psychological test This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (August 2020) Szondi testPurposepersonality test The Szondi test is a 1935 nonverbal projective personality test developed by Léopold Szondi.[1][2] It has been rated by mental health professionals as one of the top five most discredited psychological t…

Road bridge in New South Wales, Australia Holt-Bragg BridgeCoordinates33°25′08″S 151°17′10″E / 33.419°S 151.286°E / -33.419; 151.286CarriesOld Pacific Highway CrossesPiles CreekLocaleSomersby, New South Wales, AustraliaNamed forAdam HoltRoslyn BraggMadison HoltJasmine HoltTravis BraggMaintained byCentral Coast CouncilCharacteristicsDesignArch bridgeHistoryConstructed byRoads & Traffic AuthorityConstruction cost$1.9 millionOpened30 June 2009 …

الملعب الڨابسي الاسم الكامل الملعب القابسي(بالفرنسية:Stade Gabésien) اللقب الستيدة تأسس عام 24 جويلية 1957 الملعب الملعب الأولمبي بقابس(السعة: 11140 متفرج) البلد تونس  الدوري الرابطة التونسية المحترفة لكرة القدم الإدارة الرئيس [محمد الطياري المدرب اكرم بن ساسي المدرب شهاب الليلي (2006…