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腹外侧视前区（VLPO）是位于下丘脑前部的一个小神经元群。^[1]^[2]

腹外侧视前区是控制人們唤醒与睡眠的神经系统。^[1]^[2]在非快速动眼睡眠期间，腹外侧视前核會释放抑制性神经递质。^[3]

VLPO在睡眠期间处于活跃状态，特别是在非快速眼动睡眠（NREM睡眠）期间，^[4]并释放抑制性神经递质，主要是GABA和甘丙宁，它们抑制参与觉醒上升性觉醒系统的神经元。^[5]^[6]而VLPO又受到来自上升性觉醒系统多个组成部分神经元的支配。^[7]VLPO由内源性促进睡眠的物质腺苷^[8]^[9]和前列腺素D2^[10]激活。在清醒状态下，VLPO受到唤醒诱导神经递质去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱的抑制。^[7]VLPO在睡眠和觉醒中的作用及其与睡眠障碍（特别是失眠和嗜睡症）的关系是神经科学研究的一个新兴领域。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Saper, Clifford B.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E. Sleep State Switching. Neuron. 2010, 68 (6): 1023–1042. PMC 3026325 . PMID 21172606. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.032 （英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Saper, Clifford B.; Scammell, Thomas E.; Lu, Jun. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature. 2005, 437 (7063): 1257–1263. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16251950. S2CID 1793658. doi:10.1038/nature04284 （英语）.
^ Brown, Ritchie E.; Basheer, Radhika; McKenna, James T.; Strecker, Robert E.; McCarley, Robert W. Control of Sleep and Wakefulness. Physiological Reviews. 2012, 92 (3): 1087–1187. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 3621793 . PMID 22811426. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 （英语）.
^ Sherin, J. E.; Shiromani, P. J.; McCarley, R. W.; Saper, C. B. Activation of Ventrolateral Preoptic Neurons During Sleep. Science. 1996-01-12, 271 (5246): 216–219. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8539624. S2CID 19804653. doi:10.1126/science.271.5246.216 （英语）.
^ Saper, Clifford B.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E. Sleep State Switching. Neuron. 2010, 68 (6): 1023–1042. PMC 3026325 . PMID 21172606. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.032 （英语）.
^ Brown, Ritchie E.; Basheer, Radhika; McKenna, James T.; Strecker, Robert E.; McCarley, Robert W. Control of Sleep and Wakefulness. Physiological Reviews. 2012, 92 (3): 1087–1187. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 3621793 . PMID 22811426. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 （英语）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Gallopin, Thierry; Fort, Patrice; Eggermann, Emmanuel; Cauli, Bruno; Luppi, Pierre-Hervé; Rossier, Jean; Audinat, Etienne; Mühlethaler, Michel; Serafin, Mauro. Identification of sleep-promoting neurons in vitro. Nature. 2000, 404 (6781): 992–995. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10801127. S2CID 4364527. doi:10.1038/35010109 （英语）.
^ Scammell, T.E; Gerashchenko, D.Y; Mochizuki, T; McCarthy, M.T; Estabrooke, I.V; Sears, C.A; Saper, C.B; Urade, Y; Hayaishi, O. An adenosine A2a agonist increases sleep and induces Fos in ventrolateral preoptic neurons. Neuroscience. 2001, 107 (4): 653–663. ISSN 0306-4522. PMID 11720788. S2CID 45189308. doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00383-9.
^ Gallopin T. The endogenous somnogen adenosine excites a subset of sleep-promoting neurons via A2A receptors in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Neuroscience. 2005, 134 (4): 1377–1390. PMID 16039802. S2CID 27732204. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.05.045.
^ Scammell T. Activation of ventrolateral preoptic neurons by the somnogen prostaglandin D2. PNAS. 1998, 95 (13): 7754–7759. PMC 22747 . PMID 9636223. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7754 .

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Saper, Clifford B.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E. Sleep State Switching. Neuron. 2010, 68 (6): 1023–1042. PMC 3026325 . PMID 21172606. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.032 （英语）.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Saper, Clifford B.; Scammell, Thomas E.; Lu, Jun. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms. Nature. 2005, 437 (7063): 1257–1263. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16251950. S2CID 1793658. doi:10.1038/nature04284 （英语）.

[3] Brown, Ritchie E.; Basheer, Radhika; McKenna, James T.; Strecker, Robert E.; McCarley, Robert W. Control of Sleep and Wakefulness. Physiological Reviews. 2012, 92 (3): 1087–1187. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 3621793 . PMID 22811426. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 （英语）.

[:2-4] Sherin, J. E.; Shiromani, P. J.; McCarley, R. W.; Saper, C. B. Activation of Ventrolateral Preoptic Neurons During Sleep. Science. 1996-01-12, 271 (5246): 216–219. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8539624. S2CID 19804653. doi:10.1126/science.271.5246.216 （英语）.

[:02-5] Saper, Clifford B.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Lu, Jun; Scammell, Thomas E. Sleep State Switching. Neuron. 2010, 68 (6): 1023–1042. PMC 3026325 . PMID 21172606. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.032 （英语）.

[6] Brown, Ritchie E.; Basheer, Radhika; McKenna, James T.; Strecker, Robert E.; McCarley, Robert W. Control of Sleep and Wakefulness. Physiological Reviews. 2012, 92 (3): 1087–1187. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 3621793 . PMID 22811426. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 （英语）.

[:3-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Gallopin, Thierry; Fort, Patrice; Eggermann, Emmanuel; Cauli, Bruno; Luppi, Pierre-Hervé; Rossier, Jean; Audinat, Etienne; Mühlethaler, Michel; Serafin, Mauro. Identification of sleep-promoting neurons in vitro. Nature. 2000, 404 (6781): 992–995. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10801127. S2CID 4364527. doi:10.1038/35010109 （英语）.

[8] Scammell, T.E; Gerashchenko, D.Y; Mochizuki, T; McCarthy, M.T; Estabrooke, I.V; Sears, C.A; Saper, C.B; Urade, Y; Hayaishi, O. An adenosine A2a agonist increases sleep and induces Fos in ventrolateral preoptic neurons. Neuroscience. 2001, 107 (4): 653–663. ISSN 0306-4522. PMID 11720788. S2CID 45189308. doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00383-9.

[Gallopin2005-9] Gallopin T. The endogenous somnogen adenosine excites a subset of sleep-promoting neurons via A2A receptors in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Neuroscience. 2005, 134 (4): 1377–1390. PMID 16039802. S2CID 27732204. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.05.045.

[Scammell1998-10] Scammell T. Activation of ventrolateral preoptic neurons by the somnogen prostaglandin D2. PNAS. 1998, 95 (13): 7754–7759. PMC 22747 . PMID 9636223. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7754 .

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腹外侧视前核

参考文献

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