矽藻殼

掃描電子顯微鏡下數個矽藻殼的結構，其中圖A、C與D的比例尺為10微米，圖B的比例尺則為20微米

電子顯微鏡下的矽藻土

矽藻殼（英語：frustule）又稱矽殼、矽質殼，是矽藻堅硬且具孔洞的外殼（細胞壁），經生物礦化產生，其成分大多為矽，表面並覆有數種多醣[1]（早期文獻稱其表面物質成分為果膠[2][3]）。矽藻殼孔洞的大小與形狀多樣，大小介於250至600奈米之間[4][5][6]。有些屬的矽藻殼內表面有往內部空腔延伸的脊狀結構，稱為假隔膜（pseudoseptum）[7]，溝鏈藻科矽藻的假隔膜又被稱為ringleist[8]。

矽藻死後其有機組織漸被分解，殼則會沉入海底成為矽藻土，此材料有許多商業與學術用途[9]。

參考文獻

1. Progress in Phycological Research: v. 7 (1991) by F.E. Round (Volume editor), David J. Chapman (Volume editor)
2. Diatoms: More on Morphology. [2022-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-04）. 
3. Parker, Andrew R.; Townley, Helen E. Biomimetics of photonic nanostructures. Nature Nanotechnology. 3 June 2007, 2 (6): 347–353. Bibcode:2007NatNa...2..347P. PMID 18654305. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.152. 
4. Reka, Arianit; Anovski, Todor; Bogoevski, Slobodan; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Boškovski, Boško. Physical-chemical and mineralogical-petrographic examinations of diatomite from deposit near village of Rožden, Republic of Macedonia. Geologica Macedonica. 29 December 2014, 28 (2): 121–126 [2022-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-21） （英语）. 
5. Reka, Arianit A.; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Makreski, Petre. New optimized method for low-temperature hydrothermal production of porous ceramics using diatomaceous earth. Ceramics International. October 2017, 43 (15): 12572–12578. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.132. 
6. Reka, Arianit A.; Pavlovski, Blagoj; Ademi, Egzon; Jashari, Ahmed; Boev, Blazo; Boev, Ivan; Makreski, Petre. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C. Open Chemistry. 31 December 2019, 17 (1): 1235–1243. doi:10.1515/chem-2019-0132 . 
7. Pseudoseptum. Diatoms.org. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-12）. 
8. Ringleiste. Diatoms.org. [2022-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-12）. 
9. Antonides, Lloyd E. Diatomite (PDF). USGS. 1997 [December 12, 2010]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-04-08）.