弄蝶亞科

弄蝶亚科
化石时期：23–0 Ma
從古近紀漸新世至今[1]
黑帶黃斑弄蝶
Ampitta dioscorides
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲： 昆虫纲 Insecta
目： 鱗翅目 Lepidoptera
总科： 鳳蝶總科 Papilionoidea
科： 弄蝶科 Hesperiidae
亚科： 弄蝶亚科 Hesperiinae
Latreille 1809
族

共8個，及地位未定屬[2]，詳見正文。

弄蝶亞科（Grass Skippers，学名：Hesperiinae）有大約2000個物種，是弄蝶科裡最大的一個亞科。翅膀通常以橙色，啡色或鐵鏽色為主，又會配上斑點[3]。窄翅弄蝶屬（Apostictopterus）及舟弄蝶屬（Barca）今歸入舟弄蝶亞科。[4]

分類

族

地位未定
以下的屬未被分類到各個族[5]，包括：

腳註

  1. ^ Heikkilä, M., Kaila, L., Mutanen, M., Peña, C., & Wahlberg, N. (2012, March). Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies. In Proc. R. Soc. B (Vol. 279, No. 1731, pp. 1093-1099). The Royal Society.
  2. ^ Hesperiinae. Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z. 2009. Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology 34, 467-523. Tree of Life Project. 2009-06-30 [2014-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-04）. 
  3. ^ Daniels, Jaret C. Butterflies of the Carolinas. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications, Inc. 2003: 9. ISBN 1-59193-007-3. （英文）
  4. ^ Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J., Brockmann, E., & Grishin, N. V. (2019). Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys, 861, 91.
  5. ^ Hesperiinae incertae sedis. Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z. 2009. Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology 34, 467-523. Tree of Life Project. 2008-03-16 [2014-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）. 

參考文獻

  • Butterfly Net International, Higher Classification of Hesperiidae[1]
  • Ackery, P., R. de Jong and R. I. Vane-Wright (1999) The Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea. in Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology 4(35):263-300 (ed. N. P. Kristensen). Berlin: de Gruyter.
  • Devyatkin, A.L., 2002: Hesperiidae of Vietnam: 11. New taxa of the subfamily Hesperiinae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 33 (1-2): 127-135.
  • Freeman, H.A., 1969: Records, new species, and a new genus of Hesperiidae from Mexico (Supplement 2). The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23 (suppl. 2): 1-64. Full article: [2].
  • Larsen, T.B. & Collins, S.C., 2012: Herila a new genus to receive the Afrotropical skipper Teniorhinus herilus (Hopffer, 1855) [Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)]. Entomologia Africana 17 (2): 55-64.
  • Warren, A.D.; Ogawa, J.R.; Brower, A.V.Z. 2009: Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic entomology, 34: 467-523.
  • Warren, A. D., Ogawa, J. R. & Brower, A. V. Z. 2008 Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiodea). Cladistics 24, 642-676.
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：弄蝶亞科