奇佩維安堡

奇佩维安堡
Fort Chipewyan
村镇
奇佩维安堡鸟瞰图
奇佩维安堡鸟瞰图
坐标:58°42′52″N 111°09′30″W / 58.71444°N 111.15833°W / 58.71444; -111.15833
国家 加拿大
 艾伯塔省
地区英语List of regions of Canada阿尔伯塔省北部英语Northern Alberta
定居时间1788[1]
政府
 • 类型市法团
 • 镇长唐·斯科特
面积
 • 总计10.7 平方公里(4.1 平方英里)
海拔[2]221 公尺(725 英尺)
人口(2016)
 • 總計852人
 • 密度79.6人/平方公里(206人/平方英里)
时区UTC−07:00
電話區號+1-780英语Area code 780
气候亚寒带

奇佩维安堡(英語:Fort Chipewyan),通称奇佩堡(英語:Fort Chip),是加拿大阿尔伯塔省北部英语Northern Alberta的一个村镇,位于伍德布法罗地区自治市内。[3]它位于阿萨巴斯卡湖的西端,毗邻伍德布法罗国家公园,距离麦克默里堡北部约223公里(139英里)。

历史

1900年,奇佩维恩堡与格拉汉姆号英语SS Grahame
1900年的奇佩维恩堡HBC哨所
1890年代,奇佩维恩堡的毛皮商的价值约35,000美元的毛皮。

奇佩维安堡是阿尔伯塔省最古老的欧洲人定居点之一。它一开始是由西北公司的董事长彼得·庞德英语Peter Pond于1788年建立的一个贸易站。该城镇是以生活在此地的奇佩维安人英语Chipewyan命名的。

罗德里克·麦肯齐英语Roderick Mackenzie of Terrebonne是该城镇的创建者之一,他一直对文学很感兴趣,多年后他与来自该地区北部及西部的商人进行通讯,让他们描述这里的风景、冒险旅途、民俗以及历史。他还考虑在要在此地建立一个图书馆,这个图书馆不仅要为奇佩维恩堡的居民提供服务,还要为整个阿萨巴斯卡湖支流地区的商人及文职人员提供服务。以此来看,奇佩维安堡将成为麦肯齐以富有想象力和有点戏谑的口吻所说的"北极地区的小雅典"。最终,这个图书馆于1790年建成,藏书量超过2000册,[4]成为了鲁珀特地区最知名的图书馆之一。[5][6]

大约在1815年至1821年,哈德逊湾公司(HBC)在距离西北公司的城镇一英里半的煤岛上保留了一个与之相匹配的叫做韦德伯恩堡(以安德鲁·科罗威尔英语Andrew Colvile家族的名字命名)的城镇。[7]这个城镇由约翰·克拉克建立,随后乔治·辛普森爵士英语George Simpson (HBC administrator)于1820至1821年到达此地,开始重组毛皮贸易。[4]

约翰·富兰克林爵士于1820年从奇佩维恩堡出发,开始了他的陆路北极之旅英语Coppermine Expedition of 1819–22。1887-1888年,此地发生了一场大饥荒。直至1959年,此地才有了电灯

历史遗址

奇佩维恩堡的第一个遗址是罗德里克·麦肯齐于1788年建立的奇佩维恩堡东南部老地区,1930年被此地被列为加拿大国家历史遗址英语List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Alberta[8]地区内的历史遗址英语List of historic places in Alberta包括1803年建立的第三个奇佩维恩堡遗址、1880年建造的圣公会教堂和1874年建造的日间学校,[9]以及1909年建造的罗马天主教传教士教堂。[10]

气候

奇佩维安堡属于亚寒带气候,冬季漫长、非常寒冷、干燥,夏季短暂、温暖、较潮湿。奇佩维恩堡有史以来的最高温度是2021年6月30日的39.3 °C(102.7 °F)。[11]有史以来的最冷温度是1917年2月1日的-51.1 °C(-60 °F)。[12]

奇佩维恩堡机场英语Fort Chipewyan Airport
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C(°F) 10.5
(50.9)
15.0
(59.0)
14.5
(58.1)
27.1
(80.8)
32.3
(90.1)
39.3
(102.7)
36.1
(97.0)
34.1
(93.4)
31.2
(88.2)
26.5
(79.7)
17.0
(62.6)
13.9
(57.0)
39.3
(102.7)
平均高温 °C(°F) −16.5
(2.3)
−12.5
(9.5)
−4.6
(23.7)
5.5
(41.9)
13.8
(56.8)
20.4
(68.7)
23.0
(73.4)
20.9
(69.6)
14.0
(57.2)
4.8
(40.6)
−6.7
(19.9)
−13.2
(8.2)
4.1
(39.4)
日均气温 °C(°F) −21.9
(−7.4)
−18.4
(−1.1)
−11.3
(11.7)
−0.6
(30.9)
7.7
(45.9)
14.1
(57.4)
17.0
(62.6)
14.9
(58.8)
8.7
(47.7)
0.6
(33.1)
−11.1
(12.0)
−18.2
(−0.8)
−1.5
(29.3)
平均低温 °C(°F) −27.1
(−16.8)
−24.3
(−11.7)
−18.0
(−0.4)
−6.6
(20.1)
1.5
(34.7)
7.8
(46.0)
11.0
(51.8)
8.9
(48.0)
3.4
(38.1)
−3.6
(25.5)
−15.4
(4.3)
−23.2
(−9.8)
−7.1
(19.2)
历史最低温 °C(°F) −50.0
(−58.0)
−51.1
(−60.0)
−47.8
(−54.0)
−35.6
(−32.1)
−25.6
(−14.1)
−7.0
(19.4)
−3.9
(25.0)
−6.7
(19.9)
−12.2
(10.0)
−30.0
(−22.0)
−39.8
(−39.6)
−49.4
(−56.9)
−51.1
(−60.0)
平均降水量 mm(英寸) 14.9
(0.59)
14.1
(0.56)
15.8
(0.62)
16.0
(0.63)
27.2
(1.07)
44.4
(1.75)
67.4
(2.65)
50.2
(1.98)
44.0
(1.73)
28.8
(1.13)
24.5
(0.96)
18.4
(0.72)
365.7
(14.40)
平均降雨量 mm(英寸) 0.3
(0.01)
0.1
(0.00)
0.2
(0.01)
6.2
(0.24)
24.5
(0.96)
44.4
(1.75)
67.4
(2.65)
50.2
(1.98)
43.2
(1.70)
13.3
(0.52)
0.4
(0.02)
0.2
(0.01)
250.4
(9.86)
平均降雪量 cm(英寸) 14.8
(5.8)
14.4
(5.7)
15.7
(6.2)
9.8
(3.9)
2.7
(1.1)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.7
(0.3)
15.5
(6.1)
24.7
(9.7)
18.5
(7.3)
116.9
(46.0)
数据来源:加拿大环境和气候变化部[13][14][15][16][17][18]


参考文献

  1. ^ Athabasca Tribal Council – Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2009-02-23.
  2. ^ Alberta Private Sewage Systems 2009 Standard of Practice Handbook: Appendix A.3 Alberta Design Data (A.3.A. Alberta Climate Design Data by Town) (PDF) (PDF). Safety Codes Council: 212–215 (PDF pp. 226–229). January 2012 [October 8, 2013]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-10-16). 
  3. ^ Specialized and Rural Municipalities and Their Communities (PDF). [2021-10-09]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-10-05). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Wheelock, Angela. Proceedings of the Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermillion Bicentennial Conference, edited by Patricia A. McCormack. ARCTIC. 1991-01-01, 44 (4). ISSN 1923-1245. doi:10.14430/arctic1894. 
  5. ^ Universal Digital Library. Mackenzie Selkirk Simpson The Makers Of Canada. Mackenzie Selkirk Simpson The Makers Of Canada. Morang & Co. Limited. 1910. 
  6. ^ Robarts - University of Toronto, Wilfred; Bryce, George. The Scotsman in Canada. The Scotsman in Canada. Toronto, Musson Book Co. 1911. 
  7. ^ Raffan, James. Emperor Of The North: Sir George Simpson and the Remarkable Story of the Hudson's Bay Company. Emperor Of The North: Sir George Simpson and the Remarkable Story of the Hudson's Bay Company. HarperCollins Canada. 2010-08-01 [2021-10-09]. ISBN 978-1-4434-0139-5. (原始内容存档于2017-04-19) (英语). 
  8. ^ HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca. www.historicplaces.ca. [2021-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 
  9. ^ HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca. www.historicplaces.ca. [2021-10-09]. 
  10. ^ HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca. www.historicplaces.ca. [2021-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-23). 
  11. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change. Daily Data Report for June 2021 - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada. climate.weather.gc.ca. 2011-10-31 [2021-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-11) (英语). 
  12. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change. Daily Data Report for February 1917 - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada. climate.weather.gc.ca. 2011-10-31 [2021-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-27) (英语). 
  13. ^ Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. [March 28, 2014]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-27) (英语及法语). 
  14. ^ Fort Chipewyan. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. [1 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-27). 
  15. ^ Daily Data Report for February 1917. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. [1 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-27). 
  16. ^ Daily Data Report for June 2021. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. [10 July 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-11). 
  17. ^ Daily Data Report for July 2021. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. [10 July 2021]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-11). 
  18. ^ Daily Data Report for September 2011. Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. [1 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-27). 

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