Detta är en lista över grundämnenas hårdhet.
Z
|
T
|
Grundämne
|
Mohs hårdhet
|
Vickers hårdhet (MPa)[1]
|
Brinells hårdhet (MPa)[1]
|
Brinells hårdhet (MPa)[a][2]
|
1 |
H |
Väte
|
—
|
2 |
He |
Helium
|
—
|
3 |
Li |
Litium
|
0,6 |
|
5 |
|
4 |
Be |
Beryllium
|
5,5 |
1670 |
590–1320 |
|
5 |
B |
Bor
|
9,5 |
4900 |
|
|
6 |
C |
Kol (grafit)
|
1,5 |
|
|
|
6 |
C |
Kol (diamant)
|
10 |
|
|
|
7 |
N |
Kväve
|
—
|
8 |
O |
Syre
|
—
|
9 |
F |
Fluor
|
—
|
10 |
Ne |
Neon
|
—
|
11 |
Na |
Natrium
|
0,5 |
|
0,69 |
|
12 |
Mg |
Magnesium
|
2,5 |
|
260 |
44
|
13 |
Al |
Aluminium
|
3 |
160–350 |
160–550 |
184 (glödgad)
|
14 |
Si |
Kisel
|
6,5 |
|
|
|
15 |
P |
Fosfor
|
—
|
16 |
S |
Svavel
|
2 |
|
|
|
17 |
Cl |
Klor
|
—
|
18 |
Ar |
Argon
|
—
|
19 |
K |
Kalium
|
0,4 |
|
0,363 |
|
20 |
Ca |
Kalcium
|
1,5 |
|
170 |
416
|
21 |
Sc |
Skandium
|
|
|
736–1200 |
|
22 |
Ti |
Titan
|
6 |
830–3420 |
716–2770 |
1028 (glödgad)
|
23 |
V |
Vanadin
|
7 |
628–640 |
600–628 |
742 (glödgad)
|
24 |
Cr |
Krom
|
8,5 |
1060 |
687-6500 |
688 (glödgad)
|
25 |
Mn |
Mangan
|
6 |
|
196 |
|
26 |
Fe |
Järn
|
4 |
608 |
200-1180 |
|
27 |
Co |
Kobolt
|
5 |
1043 |
470–3000 |
1291 (glödgad)
|
28 |
Ni |
Nickel
|
4 |
638 |
667–1600 |
900–1200 (glödgad)
|
29 |
Cu |
Koppar
|
3 |
343–369 |
235–878 |
520
|
30 |
Zn |
Zink
|
2,5 |
|
327–412 |
480–520
|
31 |
Ga |
Gallium
|
1,5 |
|
56,8–68,7 |
|
32 |
Ge |
Germanium
|
6 |
|
|
|
33 |
As |
Arsenik
|
3,5 |
|
1440 |
|
34 |
Se |
Selen
|
2 |
|
736 |
|
35 |
Br |
Brom
|
—
|
36 |
Kr |
Krypton
|
—
|
37 |
Rb |
Rubidium
|
0,3 |
|
0,216 |
|
38 |
Sr |
Strontium
|
1,5 |
|
|
|
39 |
Y |
Yttrium
|
|
|
200–589 |
|
40 |
Zr |
Zirkonium
|
5 |
820–1800 |
638–1880 |
333
|
41 |
Nb |
Niob
|
6 |
870–1320 |
735–2450 |
735 (glödgad)
|
42 |
Mo |
Molybden
|
5,5 |
1400–2740 |
1370–2500 |
1340
|
43 |
Tc |
Teknetium
|
—
|
44 |
Ru |
Rutenium
|
6,5 |
|
2160 |
1795 (glödgad)
|
45 |
Rh |
Rodium
|
6 |
1100–8000 |
980–1350 |
540 (glödgad)
|
46 |
Pd |
Palladium
|
5 |
400–600 |
320–610 |
310
|
47 |
Ag |
Silver
|
2,5 |
250 |
245–250 |
206 (glödgad)
|
48 |
Cd |
Kadmium
|
2 |
|
203–220 |
196
|
49 |
In |
Indium
|
1 |
|
8,83-10 |
9,8
|
50 |
Sn |
Tenn
|
1,5 |
|
51–75 |
292–441
|
51 |
Sb |
Antimon
|
3 |
|
294–384 |
|
52 |
Te |
Tellur
|
2 |
|
180–270 |
|
53 |
I |
Jod
|
—
|
54 |
Xe |
Xenon
|
—
|
55 |
Cs |
Cesium
|
0,2 |
|
0,147 |
|
56 |
Ba |
Barium
|
1 |
|
|
|
57 |
La |
Lantan
|
2,5 |
360–1750 |
350–400 |
|
58 |
Ce |
Cerium
|
2,5 |
210–470 |
186–412 |
|
59 |
Pr |
Praseodym
|
|
250–746 |
250–638 |
|
60 |
Nd |
Neodym
|
|
343–746 |
265–700 |
|
61 |
Pm |
Prometium
|
|
617,8 |
|
|
62 |
Sm |
Samarium
|
|
412–441 |
441–600 |
|
63 |
Eu |
Europium
|
|
167–200 |
|
|
64 |
Gd |
Gadolinium
|
|
510–950 |
|
|
65 |
Tb |
Terbium
|
|
450–863 |
677–1200 |
|
66 |
Dy |
Dysprosium
|
|
412–550 |
500–1050 |
|
67 |
Ho |
Holmium
|
|
412–600 |
500–1250 |
|
68 |
Er |
Erbium
|
|
432–700 |
600–1070 |
|
69 |
Tm |
Tulium
|
|
470–650 |
471–900 |
|
70 |
Yb |
Ytterbium
|
|
206–250 |
343–441 |
|
71 |
Lu |
Lutetium
|
|
755–1160 |
893–1300 |
|
72 |
Hf |
Hafnium
|
5,5 |
1520–2060 |
1450–2100 |
|
73 |
Ta |
Tantal
|
6,5 |
873–1200 |
441-3430 |
441–1224 (glödgad)
|
74 |
W |
Volfram
|
7,5 |
3430–4600 |
2000–4000 |
1960–2450 (glödgad)
|
75 |
Re |
Rhenium
|
7 |
1350-7850 |
1320–2500 |
|
76 |
Os |
Osmium
|
7 |
|
3920–4000 |
3487
|
77 |
Ir |
Iridium
|
6,5 |
1760–2200 |
1670 |
2120
|
78 |
Pt |
Platina
|
3,5 |
400–549 |
310–500 |
299 (glödgad)
|
79 |
Au |
Guld
|
2,5 |
188–216 |
188–245 |
189
|
80 |
Hg |
Kvicksilver
|
—
|
81 |
Tl |
Tallium
|
1 |
|
26,5–44,7 |
|
82 |
Pb |
Bly
|
1,5 |
|
38–50 |
37,5–41,8
|
83 |
Bi |
Vismut
|
2,5 |
|
70–94,2 |
70
|
84 |
Po |
Polonium
|
—
|
85 |
At |
Astat
|
—
|
86 |
Rn |
Radon
|
—
|
87 |
Fr |
Francium
|
—
|
88 |
Ra |
Radium
|
—
|
89 |
Ac |
Aktinium
|
—
|
90 |
Th |
Torium
|
3 |
294–687 |
390–1500 |
|
91 |
Pa |
Protaktinium
|
—
|
92 |
U |
Uran
|
6 |
1960–2500 |
2350–3850 |
|
Kommentarer
Källor
|