Grundämnenas elektriska egenskaper
Detta är en tabell över grundämnenas elektriska egenskaper, vilken inkluderar elektrisk typ, konduktivitet och resistivitet för olika temperaturer.
Z
|
T
|
Grundämne
|
Elektrisk typ[1]
|
Konduktivitet (A/Vm)
|
Resistivitet (nΩm)
|
293 K (20 °C)[a]
|
80 K (−193 °C)
|
273 K (0 °C)
|
293 K (20 °C)[a]
|
298 K (25 °C)
|
300 K (27 °C)
|
500 K (227 °C)
|
1 |
H |
Väte
|
—
|
2 |
He |
Helium
|
—
|
3 |
Li |
Litium
|
Ledare
|
10,6 × 106
|
10,0
|
85,3
|
92,8
|
94,7
|
95,5
|
|
4 |
Be |
Beryllium
|
Ledare
|
31,3 × 106
|
0,75
|
30,2
|
35,6
|
37,0
|
37,6
|
99
|
5 |
B |
Bor
|
Isolator
|
1,0 × 10−4
|
|
|
0,00015
|
|
|
|
6 |
C |
Kol (grafit)
|
Ledare
|
0,1 × 106
|
|
|
0,8
|
|
|
|
6 |
C |
Kol (diamant)
|
Isolator
|
0,001
|
|
|
1375
|
|
|
|
7 |
N |
Kväve
|
—
|
8 |
O |
Syre
|
—
|
9 |
F |
Fluor
|
—
|
10 |
Ne |
Neon
|
—
|
11 |
Na |
Natrium
|
Ledare
|
2,1 × 106
|
8,0
|
43,3
|
47,7
|
48,8
|
49,3
|
|
12 |
Mg |
Magnesium
|
Ledare
|
22,7 × 106
|
5,57
|
40,5
|
43,9
|
44,8
|
45,1
|
78,6
|
13 |
Al |
Aluminium
|
Ledare
|
37,7 × 106
|
2,45
|
24,17
|
26,50
|
27,09
|
27,33
|
49,9
|
14 |
Si |
Kisel
|
Halvledare
|
4,35 × 10−4
|
|
|
105
|
|
|
|
15 |
P |
Fosfor
|
Isolator
|
1 × 10−9
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
16 |
S |
Svavel
|
Isolator
|
1 × 10−15
|
|
|
2 × 1015
|
|
|
|
17 |
Cl |
Klor
|
Isolator
|
0,01
|
|
|
> 10
|
|
|
|
18 |
Ar |
Argon
|
—
|
19 |
K |
Kalium
|
Ledare
|
14,3 × 106
|
13,4
|
64,9
|
72,0
|
73,9
|
74,7
|
|
20 |
Ca |
Kalcium
|
Ledare
|
29,4 × 106[2]
|
6,5
|
31,1
|
33,6
|
34,2
|
34,5
|
60
|
21 |
Sc |
Skandium[b]
|
Ledare
|
1,81 × 106
|
|
|
56,2
|
|
|
|
22 |
Ti |
Titan
|
Ledare
|
2,5 × 106
|
|
390
|
420
|
|
|
|
23 |
V |
Vanadin
|
Ledare
|
5 × 106
|
24,1
|
181
|
197
|
201
|
202
|
348
|
24 |
Cr |
Krom
|
Ledare
|
7,87 × 106
|
|
118
|
125
|
126
|
127
|
201
|
25 |
Mn |
Mangan
|
Ledare
|
0,694 × 106
|
1320
|
1430
|
1440
|
1440
|
1440
|
1490
|
26 |
Fe |
Järn
|
Ledare
|
10 × 106
|
6,93
|
85,7
|
96,1
|
98,7
|
99,8
|
237
|
27 |
Co |
Kobolt
|
Ledare
|
16,7 × 106
|
|
56
|
62,4
|
|
|
|
28 |
Ni |
Nickel
|
Ledare
|
13,9 × 106
|
5,45
|
61,6
|
69,3
|
71,2
|
72,0
|
177
|
29 |
Cu |
Koppar
|
Ledare
|
58,1 × 106
|
2,15
|
15,43
|
16,78
|
17,12
|
17,25
|
30,90
|
30 |
Zn |
Zink
|
Ledare
|
16,7 × 106
|
11,5
|
54,6
|
59,0
|
60,1
|
60,6
|
108,2
|
31 |
Ga |
Gallium
|
Ledare
|
7,14 × 106
|
|
13,6
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
Ge |
Germanium
|
Halvledare
|
2,1
|
|
|
53000
|
|
|
|
33 |
As |
Arsenik
|
Ledare
|
3,03 × 106
|
|
|
333
|
|
|
|
34 |
Se |
Selen
|
—
|
35 |
Br |
Brom
|
Isolator
|
|
|
|
7,8 × 1010
|
|
|
|
36 |
Kr |
Krypton
|
—
|
37 |
Rb |
Rubidium
|
Ledare
|
7,52 × 106
|
26,5
|
115
|
128
|
131
|
133
|
|
38 |
Sr |
Strontium
|
Ledare
|
7,41 × 106
|
36,4
|
123
|
132
|
134
|
135
|
222
|
39 |
Y |
Yttrium[b]
|
Ledare
|
1,66 × 106
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
|
40 |
Zr |
Zirkonium
|
Ledare
|
2,36 × 106
|
66,4
|
388
|
421
|
429
|
433
|
765
|
41 |
Nb |
Niob
|
Ledare
|
6,58 × 106
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
Mo |
Molybden
|
Ledare
|
18,2 × 106
|
4,82
|
48,5
|
53,4
|
54,7
|
55,2
|
106
|
43 |
Tc |
Teknetium
|
Ledare
|
4,54 × 106
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
44 |
Ru |
Rutenium
|
Ledare
|
14,1 × 106
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
Rh |
Rodium
|
Ledare
|
23,3 × 106
|
|
43,3
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
Pd |
Palladium
|
Ledare
|
9,26 × 106
|
17,5
|
97,8
|
105,4
|
107,3
|
108,0
|
179,4
|
47 |
Ag |
Silver
|
Ledare
|
61,35 × 106
|
2,89
|
14,67
|
15,87
|
16,17
|
16,29
|
28,7
|
48 |
Cd |
Kadmium
|
Ledare
|
14,3 × 106
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
|
49 |
In |
Indium
|
Ledare
|
12,5 × 106
|
|
80
|
83,7
|
|
|
|
50 |
Sn |
Tenn
|
Ledare
|
8,69 × 106
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
Sb |
Antimon
|
Ledare
|
2,5 × 106
|
|
390
|
417
|
|
|
|
52 |
Te |
Tellur
|
Halvledare
|
104
|
|
|
(5,8–33) × 103
|
|
|
|
53 |
I |
Jod
|
Isolator
|
|
|
1,3 × 107
|
|
|
|
|
54 |
Xe |
Xenon
|
—
|
55 |
Cs |
Cesium
|
Ledare
|
4,76 × 106
|
41,6
|
187
|
205
|
208
|
210
|
|
56 |
Ba |
Barium
|
Ledare
|
2,94 × 106
|
68,3
|
302
|
332
|
340
|
343
|
724
|
57 |
La |
Lantan[b]
|
Ledare
|
1,626 × 106
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
|
58 |
Ce |
Cerium[c]
|
Ledare
|
1,35 × 106
|
|
|
828
|
|
|
|
58 |
Ce |
Cerium[d]
|
Ledare
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
|
59 |
Pr |
Praseodym[b]
|
Ledare
|
1,43 × 106
|
|
|
700
|
|
|
|
60 |
Nd |
Neodym[b]
|
Ledare
|
1,56 × 106
|
|
|
643
|
|
|
|
61 |
Pm |
Prometium
|
Ledare
|
1,33 × 106
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
62 |
Sm |
Samarium[b]
|
Ledare
|
1,06 × 106
|
|
|
940
|
|
|
|
63 |
Eu |
Europium[e]
|
Ledare
|
1,11 × 106
|
|
|
900
|
|
|
|
64 |
Gd |
Gadolinium[b]
|
Ledare
|
0,763 × 106
|
|
|
1310
|
|
|
|
65 |
Tb |
Terbium[b]
|
Ledare
|
0,870 × 106
|
|
|
1150
|
|
|
|
66 |
Dy |
Dysprosium[b]
|
Ledare
|
1,08 × 106
|
|
|
926
|
|
|
|
67 |
Ho |
Holmium[e]
|
Ledare
|
1,23 × 106
|
|
|
814
|
|
|
|
68 |
Er |
Erbium[e]
|
Ledare
|
1,16 × 106
|
|
|
860
|
|
|
|
69 |
Tm |
Tulium[e]
|
Ledare
|
1,477 × 106
|
|
|
676
|
|
|
|
70 |
Yb |
Ytterbium[f]
|
Ledare
|
4,0 × 106
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
71 |
Lu |
Lutetium[e]
|
Ledare
|
1,72 × 106
|
|
|
582
|
|
|
|
72 |
Hf |
Hafnium
|
Ledare
|
3,12 × 106
|
67,5
|
304
|
331
|
337
|
340
|
631
|
73 |
Ta |
Tantal
|
Ledare
|
7,61 × 106
|
26,2
|
122
|
131
|
134
|
135
|
229
|
74 |
W |
Volfram
|
Ledare
|
18,52 × 106
|
6,06
|
48,2
|
52,8
|
53,9
|
54,4
|
103
|
75 |
Re |
Rhenium
|
Ledare
|
5,56 × 106
|
|
172
|
193
|
|
|
|
76 |
Os |
Osmium
|
Ledare
|
10,9 × 106
|
|
81,2
|
|
|
|
|
77 |
Ir |
Iridium
|
Ledare
|
19,7 × 106
|
|
47
|
47,1
|
|
|
|
78 |
Pt |
Platina
|
Ledare
|
9,43 × 106
|
19,22
|
96
|
105
|
107
|
108
|
183
|
79 |
Au |
Guld
|
Ledare
|
45,5 × 106
|
4,81
|
20,51
|
22,14
|
22,55
|
22,71
|
39,7
|
80 |
Hg |
Kvicksilver
|
Ledare
|
1,04 × 106
|
|
|
|
961
|
|
|
81 |
Tl |
Tallium
|
Ledare
|
6,67 × 106
|
|
150
|
180
|
|
|
|
82 |
Pb |
Bly
|
Ledare
|
4,76 × 106
|
49
|
192
|
208
|
211
|
213
|
383
|
83 |
Bi |
Vismut
|
Ledare
|
0,769 × 106
|
|
1070
|
1290
|
|
|
|
84 |
Po |
Polonium
|
Ledare
|
2,5 × 106
|
|
400
|
|
|
|
|
85 |
At |
Astat
|
—
|
86 |
Rn |
Radon
|
—
|
87 |
Fr |
Francium
|
—
|
88 |
Ra |
Radium
|
Ledare
|
1 × 106
|
|
|
1000
|
|
|
|
89 |
Ac |
Aktinium
|
—
|
90 |
Th |
Torium
|
Ledare
|
6,67 × 106
|
|
147
|
|
|
|
|
91 |
Pa |
Protaktinium
|
Ledare
|
5,56 × 106
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
|
92 |
U |
Uran
|
Ledare
|
3,24 × 106[3]
|
|
|
280
|
|
|
|
93 |
Np |
Neptunium
|
Ledare
|
0,82
|
|
|
1220
|
|
|
|
94 |
Pu |
Plutonium
|
Ledare
|
0,68 × 106
|
|
|
1460
|
|
|
|
Kommentarer
Referenser
Noter
Källor
- G.W.C. Kaye och T. H. Laby i Tables of physical och chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
- A.M. James och M.P. Lord i Macmillan's Chemical och Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- D.R. Lide, (ed) i Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry och physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- J.A. Dean (ed) i Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14:e utgåvan, 1992.
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry och Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals.
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry och Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements och Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals.
- Beaudry, B. J. och Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., i Handbook on the Physics och Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. och Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
- McEwen, K.A., i Handbook on the Physics och Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. och Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.
- J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15:e utgåvan), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4,1 Electronic Configuration och Properties of the Elements.
|