Hsp47 はセリンプロテアーゼ阻害剤のスーパーファミリーの一員である。熱ショックにより小胞体において発現が誘発される。そのような細胞が I 型コラーゲンおよび III 型コラーゲンを合成し、分泌する[12]。このタンパク質は本来小胞体内腔に局在し、コラーゲンの三重らせん構造に結合する[13][14]。それゆえ、コラーゲン分子の成熟に関与する分子シャペロンであると考えられている。Hsp47 は、結果正しくフォールディングされなかった(ミスフォールディングされた)プロコラーゲンの凝集を防ぐ機能を有する[8][9]。
Hsp47 が欠損すると、コラーゲン繊維や基底膜の形成不全を引き起こし、マウスは生まれる前に死亡する[15]。Hsp47 は I 型コラーゲンのフォールディングに欠かせない要素である[16]。Hsp47 は分子シャペロンとしてはコラーゲンにのみ結合する、すなわち基質特異性を有すると考えられている[13][15]。
Hsp47 は I 型ないし V 型のコラーゲンと相互作用することが示されている[20]。Hsp47 は、その N 末端から見て、プロコラーゲンの少なくともトレオニン(プロリンなども可)残基-グリシン残基-X残基(ここは何でもよい)-アルギニン残基の並びを認識して結合すると考えられている[21][22]。計算シミュレーションでは、さらにその 1 つ前(すなわち、アルギニン残基から見て 4 つ前)はフェニルアラニン残基またはプロリン残基が好ましいとされる[23]。
このうち、アルギニン残基が一番、次にトレオニン残基が重要であるとされる[21][22]。
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