^ abcMarques, J. M.; Yzerbyt, V. Y.; Leyens, J. (1988) (英語). The 'Black Sheep Effect': Extremity of judgments towards ingroup members as a function of group identification. 18. pp. 1-16. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420180102.
^Branscombe, N.; Wann, D.; Noel, J.; Coleman, J. (1993). “In-group or out-group extremity: Importance of the threatened social identity” (英語). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin19 (4): 381-388. doi:10.1177/0146167293194003.
^Coull, A.; Yzerbyt, V. Y.; Castano, E.; Paladino, M.-P.; Leemans, V. (2001). “Protecting the ingroup: Motivated allocation of cognitive resources in the presence of threatening ingroup members” (英語). Group Processes & Intergroup Relations4 (4): 327-339. doi:10.1177/1368430201004004003.
^ abKhan, S.; Lambert, A. J. (1998). “Ingroup favoritism versus black sheep effects in observations of informal conversations” (英語). Basic and Applied Social Psychology20 (4): 263-269. doi:10.1207/s15324834basp2004_3.
^Pinto, I. R.; Marques, J. M.; Levine, J. M.; Abrams, D. (2010). “Membership status and subjective group dynamics: Who triggers the black sheep effect?” (英語). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology99 (1): 107-119. doi:10.1037/a0018187.
^Worchel, S.; Austin, W. G. (1979) (英語). The Social psychology of intergroup relations.. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole
^Turner, J. C.; Hogg, M. A.; Oakes, P. J.; Reicher, S. D.; Wetherell, M. S. (1987) (英語). Rediscovering the Social group: A self-categorization theory.. Oxford: Blackwell
^Hogg, M. A.; Tindale, S. (2001) (英語). Blackwell handbook of social psychology: group processes.. Malden, Mass: Blackwell
^Eidelman, S.; Biernat, M. (2003). “Derogating black sheep: Individual or group protection?” (英語). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology39 (6): 602-609. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00042-8.
^Feldman, J. M. (1972). “Stimulus characteristics and subject prejudice as determinants of stereotype attribution” (英語). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology21 (3): 333-340. doi:10.1037/h0032313.
^Linville, P. W.; Jones, E. E. (1980). “Polarized appraisals of out-group members” (英語). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology38 (5): 689-703. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.5.689.
^Castano, E.; Paladino, M.; Coull, A.; Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2002). “Protecting the ingroup stereotype: Ingroup identification and the management of deviant ingroup members” (英語). British Journal of Social Psychology41 (3): 365-385. doi:10.1348/014466602760344269.
^Lewis, A. C.; Sherman, S. J. (2010). “Perceived entitativity and the black-sheep effect: When will we denigrate negative ingroup members?” (英語). The Journal of Social Psychology150 (2): 211-225. doi:10.1080/00224540903366388.
^De Cremer, D.; Vanbeselaere, N. (1999). “I am deviant, because...: The impact of situational factors upon the black sheep effect.” (英語). Psychologica Belgica39: 71-79.