一心太助

大友柳太郎が演じる一心太助。『天下の御意見番を意見する男』(1947、大映)

一心太助(いっしんたすけ)は、小説戯曲講談などに登場する人物。架空の人物とされている。初出は「大久保武蔵鐙」とされる。

人物

職業は魚屋。義理人情に厚く、江戸っ子の典型として描かれることが多い。三代将軍・徳川家光の時代に、大久保彦左衛門のもとで活躍したとされる。

名の由来は、腕に「一心如鏡、一心白道」(いっしんにょきょう、いっしんびゃくどう)の入れ墨があったことから。一心如鏡は読み下せば「一心鏡の如し」、白道二河白道極楽浄土へ続くとされる)を指す。

架空の人物というのが定説であり、神奈川県小田原の老舗魚問屋「鮑屋」の主人がそのモデルだとされている。一方、松前屋五郎兵衛建立の「一心太助石塔」と書かれた太助の墓が、港区白金立行寺の大久保家墓所の傍、それも彦左衛門の一番近くに立っており、太助は実在の人物で、若いころ大久保彦左衛門の草履取りだったともいう。

大久保彦左衛門は小田原藩祖・大久保忠世の弟であり、魚市場で有名な東京の築地は、当時小田原町と呼ばれたほど小田原から移り住んだ者が多くいた町だったが、物語の原型はそこで成立したようである。

実録本『大久保武蔵鐙(あぶみ)』によって大久保政談にからんで登場[1]、浅草茅町の穀商松前屋五郎兵衛の無実の罪を晴らす役割を果たした。

数多くのドラマ、演劇などに登場し、ドラマ中、彼のトレードマークの一つ「一の魚」は魚運搬専用のトラックなどに多く採用されている。

伝説

一心太助は百姓であったが、あるとき領主の大久保彦左衛門に意見したのが気に入られ、大久保家で奉公することとなる。

大久保彦左衛門の皿を誤って1枚割ってしまった腰元お仲が手討ちで殺されそうになるのを、一心太助が知る。一心太助は彦左衛門の前で残りの皿7枚を割り、彦左衛門がお仲および一心太助を許す。一心太助は、お仲と結婚し、武家奉公をやめてお仲の実家の魚屋で働くこととなる。その後も、彦左衛門に意見し協力することとなる。

登場する主な作品

講談

  • 「大久保政談・一心太助」

歌舞伎

映画

テレビドラマ

漫画

演歌

ゲーム

その他

脚注

  1. ^ 今古実録/大久保武蔵鐙 松前屋五郎兵衛伝 「一心太助侠客之事」[1]
  2. ^ 国立国会図書館近代デジタルライブラリー
  3. ^ 歌舞伎公演データベース”. 2020年1月2日閲覧閲覧。
  4. ^ かねてつデリカフーズてっちゃんねるより

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