^Mazák, V. (1970). “The Barbary lion, Panthera leo leo (Linnaeus, 1758); some systematic notes, and an interim list of the specimens preserved in European museums”. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde35: 34−45.
^Mazák, J. H. (2010). “Geographical variation and phylogenetics of modern lions based on craniometric data”. Journal of Zoology281 (3): 194–209. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00694.x.
^ abcBlack, S. A.; Fellous, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Roberts, D. L. (2013). “Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation”. PLOS ONE8 (4): e60174. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060174.
^Burger, J.; Hemmer, H. (2006). “Urgent call for further breeding of the relic zoo population of the critically endangered Barbary lion”. European Journal of Wildlife Research52 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1007/s10344-005-0009-z.
^Manuel, M. d.; Ross, B.; Sandoval‐Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, et al. (2020). “The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America117 (20): 10927–10934. doi:10.1073/pnas.1919423117.
^Hemmer, H. (1974). “Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae) Teil 3. Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen Panthera leo”. Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung17: 167–280.
^de Manuel, M.; Barnett, R.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N. (2020). “Autosomal and mtDNA Markers Affirm the Distinctiveness of Lion Populations”. PLOS ONE10 (1): e0137975. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137975.
^Antunes, A.; Troyer, J. L.; Roelke, M. E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Packer, C.; Winterbach, H.; Johnson, W. E. (2008). “The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Lion Panthera leo revealed by Host and Viral Population Genomics”. PLOS Genetics4 (11): e1000251. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000251.
^Lee, T.; Yamaguchi, N.; Harland, A.; Groombridge, J. (2005). “Urgent call for further breeding of the relic zoo population of the critically endangered Barbary lion (Panthera leo leo Linnaeus 1758)”. European Journal of Wildlife Research52 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1007/s10344-005-0009-z.
^Black, S. A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Harland, A.; Groombridge, J. (2009). “Maintaining the genetic health of putative Barbary lions in captivity: an analysis of Moroccan Royal Lions”. European Journal of Wildlife Research56: 21–31. doi:10.1007/s10344-009-0280-5.