ヒトのがん組織の多くではテロメラーゼの活性化がおきており、その観察される割合は肺がんの80%から食道がんの95%に及ぶ[20]。一方、テロメラーゼ活性の制限要因であるTERTの発現が見られない腫瘍も観察されており[21]、それらではALT(Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres)と呼ばれるテロメア長を維持する別の機構が見出されている[19][22]。
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