Tommaso lo Slavo

Marinai bizantini usano il fuoco greco contro il ribelle Tommaso lo Slavo (Scilitze di Madrid)

Tommaso lo Slavo (... – 823) è stato un generale bizantino.

Biografia

Discendente degli slavi trapiantati in Asia Minore, precisamente della zona del lago Gazouron nel thema Armeniakon,[1] fu incaricato di importanti missioni durante il regno dell'imperatore Leone V l'Armeno e gli fu affidato nell'813 il comando delle forze dei Foideratoi.[2] Dopo la morte di Leone per opera del nuovo imperatore Michele II l'Amoriano, di cui Tommaso era stato compagno d'armi, egli si mise, nell'820, a capo di una ribellione.[3] Nel suo racconto della guerra civile lo storico Genesio elenca i vari popoli di cui era composto l'esercito ribelle: Saraceni, Abkhazi, Geti, Alani, Khaldi, Armeni, Vandali e aderenti alle sette eretiche dei Pauliciani e Athinganoi.[4]

Nella parte orientale dell'impero egli si presentò come l'imperatore Costantino VI che in qualche modo era riuscito a fuggire all'accecamento mentre nella parte occidentale, dove era giunto grazie alla flotta del thema Kibyrrhaioton si presentò come campione dell'iconofilia; Tommaso si proclamava anche difensore dei più poveri, dando al suo movimento un carattere di rivolta sociale. Fu quindi incoronato dal Patriarca della città di Antiochia,[5] controllata dai musulmani. Con l'aiuto del califfo abbaside al-Maʾmūn, Tommaso invase l'impero nella primavera dell'821 ed in poco tempo solo due themata dell'Asia Minore rimasero leali a Michele II, Opsikion e Armeniakon. Nel dicembre 821 assediò Costantinopoli. Tommaso non fu comunque in grado di oltrepassare le mura della città e si dovette ritirare nella primavera dell'823 a causa del tempo inclemente e degli attacchi dell'esercito bulgaro, guidato dal khan Omurtag, che disperse le sue truppe. Successivamente sconfitto a Diabasis da Michele II, Tommaso non ebbe perciò i mezzi per resistere quando l'imperatore lo attaccò nel suo ultimo rifugio di Arcadiopoli e lo sconfisse nell'ottobre dello stesso anno, facendolo uccidere dopo atroci torture.[6][7] Una profezia riportata nelle cronache dell'epoca associava i nomi di Tommaso, Michele II e Leone V, predicendo per due di loro il trono e per il terzo la morte nel tentativo di conquistarlo.[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b L'Impero bizantino, pag. 140
  2. ^ L'Impero bizantino, pag. 135
  3. ^ Storia dell'Impero bizantino, pag. 181
  4. ^ The Armenians in the Byzantine Empire, pag. 1
  5. ^ Imperatori di Bisanzio, pag. 75
  6. ^ Storia dell'Impero bizantino, pag. 182
  7. ^ Imperatori di Bisanzio, pag. 61

Bibliografia

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • La rivolta nel Teofane Continuato[collegamento interrotto] (Οἱ μετὰ Θεοφάνην)
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