Il pubblico

Il pubblico
Dramma in cinque atti
AutoreFederico García Lorca
Lingua originale
GenereSurrealista
Composto nel1929-1930
Prima assoluta15 febbraio 1978
Università di Porto Rico
Prima rappresentazione italiana12 ottobre 1986
Piccolo Teatro (Milano)
 

Il pubblico (El público) è un'opera teatrale del drammaturgo spagnolo Federico García Lorca. Scritta tra il 1929 e il 1930, la pièce ci è pervenuta solo in parte dato che i due manoscritti completi sono andati perduti e tutto quello che rimane è una bozza a cui manca l'ultimo atto.[1] L'opera fu considerata irrapresentabile e annoverata tra le "comedias imposibles" di Lorca, sia per gli elementi drammaturgicamente metateatrali e modernisti che per la rappresentazione del tema dell'omosessualità.[2] Il pubblico è andato in scena in prima assoluta all'Università di Porto Rico nel 1978, quasi cinquant'anni dopo essere stata scritta.[3]

Trama

Il dramma non presenta una trama lineare, ma un insieme di situazione che riflettono sulla natura del teatro e del desiderio. Un regista che sta per portare in scena Romeo e Giulietta viene interrogato da tre uomini barbuti ma vestiti da donna sulla sincerità della tragedia di Shakespeare e lo avvertono che solo nella tomba Romeo troverà il suo vero sesso. Da qui, una serie di situazioni e vignette surrealiste si dipano nell'investigare la sessualità umana partendo dall'omosessualità maschile e femminile fino ad arrivare ad impulsi più violenti e sregolati come la zoofilia e la pedofilia. Particolarmente ricorrente è la figura dei cavalli, alcuni neri e altri bianchi, che ricordano con una nostalgia masochistica la violenza dell'uomo su di loro. Alla fine dell'opera il regista accetta la necessità di rompere ogni barriera architettonica del teatro e ogni struttura narrative e convenzionale nel dramma, ora inteso come "un circo di archi attraverso i quali il vento e la luna e le creature entrano ed escono senza trovare un posto dove riposare".[4]

Storia delle rappresentazioni

Per la sua natura surreale e la struttura modernista la pièce non è di facile rappresentazioni e le messe in scena sono state rade anche dopo il debutto teatrale dell'opera. La prima produzione fu allestita, nell'originale lingua spagnola, all'Università di Porto Rico per la regia Victoria Espinosa; la prima rappresentazione andò in scena il 14 febbraio 1978. Il debutto londinese avvenne un decennio più tardi, il 3 ottobre 1988, al Theatre Royal Statford East; il testo venne presentato in inglese in una traduzione di Henry Livings. Allestimenti americani sono andati in scena a Los Angeles (1989) e a New York (1998).[5]

La prima italiana è andata in scena il 12 ottobre 1986 al Piccolo Teatro di Milano, in una produzione diretta da Lluís Pasqual i Sánchez e con le scenografie di Frederic Amat, Dante Ferrari e Fabià Puigserver. La stessa produzione è andata in scena anche al Teatro María Guerrero di Madrid nel gennaio 1987.[6]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Rafael Martínez Nadal, Lorca's The Public: A Study of his Unfinished Play (El público) and of Love and Death in the Work of Federico García Lorca, Londra, Calder & Boyars, 1974, pp. 70-82, ISBN 0-7145-2752-1.
  2. ^ (ES) Juan Antonio Rodríguez Pagán, El otro lado de El público de Lorca, Londra, Isla Negra Editores, 1999, pp. 82-83, ISBN 1-881715-47-7.
  3. ^ (EN) Revolvy LLC, "The Public (play)" on Revolvy.com, su revolvy.com. URL consultato il 20 febbraio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 febbraio 2019).
  4. ^ (IT) Giovanni Caravaggi, Invito alla lettura di Federico García Lorca, Mursia, 1980, p. 120.
  5. ^ 'El Publico': Shocking, Amusing or Both?, su movies2.nytimes.com. URL consultato il 20 febbraio 2019.
  6. ^ (ES) Ediciones El País, Crítica | La tragedia del amor imposible, in El País, 18 gennaio 1987. URL consultato il 20 febbraio 2019.

Bibliografia

Bibliografia italiana

Bibliografia spagnola

  • Federico García Lorca, El público, a cura di María Clementa Millán, Letras Hispánicas, Madrid, Cátedra Edición, 2006, ISBN 978-8437606729.
  • Federico García Lorca, El público | Así que pasen cien años, Contemporanea, Madrid, Debolsillo Edición, 2018, ISBN 978-8497932905.

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