Emissività

La emissività di un materiale (di solito indicata con ) è la frazione di energia irraggiata da quel materiale rispetto all'energia irraggiata da un corpo nero che sia alla stessa temperatura. È una misura della capacità di un materiale di irraggiare energia. Un vero corpo nero avrebbe un mentre qualunque oggetto reale ha (corpo grigio).

Caratteristiche

L'andamento delle curve di Planck per il corpo nero. In ascissa la lunghezza d'onda, in ordinata l'intensità della radiazione.

L'emissività dipende da fattori quali la temperatura, l'angolo di emissione, la lunghezza d'onda e la finitura superficiale del corpo osservato. In generale i metalli hanno emissività piuttosto bassa e crescente con la temperatura, mentre i non metalli (in cui vanno inclusi anche gli ossidi metallici) hanno emissività relativamente elevata e decrescente al crescere della temperatura. Con finitura superficiale si intende sia la rugosità della superficie (valore medio, forma e direzione delle asperità) del corpo che l'eventuale presenza di inclusioni estranee o zone chimicamente o fisicamente alterate. Una rugosità elevata e senza direzioni preferenziali aumenta l'emissività e la rende meno sensibile a variazioni di angolo di emissione. Ne consegue che non è sempre possibile stabilire univocamente l'emissività di un corpo: nel caso ci siano forti variazioni risulta più corretto parlare di emittanza in un dato punto, in una certa direzione, a una certa temperatura e a una data lunghezza d'onda.

Comunque una tipica semplificazione ingegneristica è di considerare che per una stessa superficie l'emissività e il coefficiente di assorbimento non dipendano dalla lunghezza d'onda, così che l'emissività sia una costante. Questa è nota come ipotesi del corpo grigio. Quando si trattano superfici non nere le deviazioni dal comportamento di un corpo nero ideale sono determinate sia dalla struttura geometrica sia dalla composizione chimica, e seguono il principio per cui l'emissività uguaglia il coefficiente di assorbimento (principio conosciuto anche come Legge di Kirchhoff): in questo modo un oggetto che non assorbe tutta la luce incidente emetterà anche meno radiazione rispetto a un corpo nero.

Voci correlate

Controllo di autoritàGND (DE4326717-8
  Portale Fisica: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di fisica

Read other articles:

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府(Oguzkhan Presidential Palace)機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年,可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關(英语:National Council of Turkmenistan) 土…

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2021年7月4日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目,无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:美国众议院 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引)。 美國眾議院 United States House of Representatives第118届美国国会众议院徽章 众议院旗帜…

American comic book distributor This article is about the American corporation. For the Indian comic book company, see Diamond Comics. This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (May 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Diamond Comic Distributors, Inc.Company typeSubsidiaryIndustryComicsFounded1982…

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Maret 2016. SD Negeri Bratan IInformasiJenisSekolah NegeriKepala SekolahJoko Sudibyo Sn, S.Pd.,M.Pd.Rentang kelasI - VIAlamatLokasiTegalkeputren Rt 1 Rw 5, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah,  IndonesiaMoto SD Negeri Bratan I, merupakan salah satu Sekolah Dasar nege…

الكنيسة السبتية المؤسس جوزيف بيتس،  وإيلين وايت،  وجيمس سبرينغر وايت،  وجاي ن. اندروز  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالبروتستانتية المفاهيم إصلاح بروتستانتي الصحوة الكبرى التاريخ الثقافة الديموغرافيا معاداة البروتستانتية الفرق الرئيسية سبتيون ت…

本條目存在以下問題,請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修,以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引,幫助编辑這個條目。(幫助、討論) 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细,需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸,輔助讀…

Valledoria CodaruìnaKomuneComune di ValledoriaLokasi Valledoria di Provinsi SassariNegaraItaliaWilayah SardiniaProvinsiSassari (SS)Pemerintahan • Wali kotaPaolo SpezzigaLuas[1] • Total25,95 km2 (10,02 sq mi)Ketinggian[2]16 m (52 ft)Populasi (2016)[3] • Total4,319 • Kepadatan170/km2 (430/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos07039Kode area telepon079…

Swedish historian and political writer (1843–1901) Hans ForssellHans Forssell in December, 1880.BornHans Ludvig Forssell(1843-01-14)14 January 1843Gävle, SwedenDied31 July 1901(1901-07-31) (aged 58)San Bernardino, SwitzerlandNationalitySwedishAlma materUppsala UniversityOccupation(s)politician, historian, writerMember of the Swedish Academy (Seat No. 1)In office20 December 1881 – 2 August 1901Preceded byAnders FryxellSucceeded byCarl Bildt Hans Ludvig Forssell (14 January…

Species of bird Not to be confused with Rufous-tailed hummingbird. Rufous hummingbird Male in hovering flight Conservation status Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1] CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Clade: Strisores Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae Genus: Selasphorus Species: S. rufus Binomial name Selasphorus rufus(Gmelin, JF, 1788)   Summer, breeding range  …

River in Victoria, AustraliaBenedoreSunset over the Sandpatch Wilderness Area, Benedore River Estuary. Croajingolong National Park, VictoriaBenedore River in VictoriaLocationCountryAustraliaStateVictoriaRegionSouth East Corner (IBRA), East GippslandLocal government areaShire of East GippslandPhysical characteristicsSource  • locationBenedore River Reference Area • elevation184 m (604 ft) MouthBass Strait • locationCroajingolong …

British politician (1781–1849) The Right HonourableSir Edward KnatchbullBt PC FRSPortrait of Knatchbull by Thomas PhillipsPaymaster GeneralIn office8 September 1841 – 1 March 1845Prime MinisterSir Robert Peel, BtPreceded byHon. Edward StanleySucceeded byHon. Bingham BaringPaymaster of the ForcesIn office23 December 1834 – 8 April 1835Prime MinisterSir Robert Peel, BtPreceded byLord John RussellSucceeded bySir Henry Parnell, Bt Personal detailsBorn20 December 1781&…

Awareness and perception of others For other uses, see Gaze (disambiguation). The Conjurer, by Hieronymus Bosch, shows the bending figure looking forward, steadily, intently, and with fixed attention, while the other figures in the painting look in various directions, some outside the painting. In critical theory, philosophy, sociology, and psychoanalysis, the gaze (French: le regard), in the figurative sense, is an individual's (or a group's) awareness and perception of other individuals, other…

History of street lights Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky, by Benjamin West (c. 1816, Philadelphia Museum of Art) portrays Founding Father Benjamin Franklin's interest in harnessing nature to improve the lives of his fellow human beings. The history of street lighting in the United States is closely linked to the urbanization of America. Artificial illumination has stimulated commercial activity at night, and has been tied to the country's economic development, including major …

County otonom dan panji otonom adalah daerah setingkat county dalam pembagian administratif otonom Tiongkok. Pada dasarnya status county otonom maupun panji otonom identik sama, kecuali dalam hal penamaan saja dan panji otonom berada di Mongolia Dalam. Pada akhir 2003, terdapat 22 county otonom dan 3 panji otonom.[1] Bendera Lambang County Otonom Ibu kota - - Cangyuan va Lincang - - Dachang Langfang - - Daozhen Zunyi - - Bonan Dongxiang-Salar Cuimatan - - Dongxiang Suonan - - Kazakh Aksa…

Art museum in Toledo, Ohio Toledo Museum of ArtToledo Museum of Art exteriorInteractive fullscreen mapEstablished1901Location2445 Monroe StreetToledo, OhioCoordinates41°39′30″N 83°33′34″W / 41.65833°N 83.55944°W / 41.65833; -83.55944Visitors383,685 (2019)[1]DirectorAdam M. Levine[2]Public transit accessTARTAWebsitewww.toledomuseum.org The Toledo Museum of Art is an internationally known art museum located in the Old West End neighborhood of Tol…

Men's 5000 metresat the Games of the XXVII OlympiadVenueStadium AustraliaDate27 September 2000 (heats)30 September 2000 (final)Competitors38 from 22 nationsWinning time13:35.49Medalists Million Wolde Ethiopia Ali Saïdi-Sief Algeria Brahim Lahlafi Morocco← 19962004 → Athletics at the2000 Summer OlympicsTrack events100 mmenwomen200 mmenwomen400 mmenwomen800 mmenwomen1500 mmenwomen5000 mmenwomen10,000 mmenwomen100 m hurdleswomen110 m hurdlesmen400 m h…

Rida Johnson Young (1910) Rida Johnson Young (28 Februari 1875 – 8 Mei 1926)[1] adalah seorang pengarang sandiwara, penulis lagu dan librettist Amerika Serikat.[2] Selama berkarir, Young menulis lebih dari tiga puluh sandiwara dan musikal, dan lebih dari 500 lagu.[3] Ia dimasukkan dalam Songwriters Hall of Fame pada 1970. Referensi ^ The year of birth is given incorrectly as 1869 by IMDb and IBDB. Pfeffer's index of composers and lyricists explicitly says …

This article is about a proposed passenger service in New England. For other Central Corridors, see Central Corridor. Central Corridor Rail LineOverviewStatusDormant proposalLocaleNew EnglandTerminiNew LondonBrattleboroStations10 (8 new; 2 serve other routes)ServiceTypeRegional railTechnicalTrack gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Route map Vermonter 0 mi0 km Brattleboro VermontMassachusetts Vermonter 21 mi34 km Millers…

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un sentier de randonnée, l'Île-de-France et la Normandie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. GR 22Le GR22, un chemin vers le Mont-Saint-MichelLocalisationLocalisation  FranceDésignationAutre nom De Paris au Mont-Saint-MichelType sentier de grande randonnéeTracéPoint de départ Paris (ou Le Mont-Saint-Michel)Extrémités ParisLe Mont-Saint-MichelLongueur …

У слова «Кулен» есть и другие значения: см. Кулен (значения). Куленгэльск. Cuilén mac Iduilb,англ. Cuilén король Альбы (Шотландии) 967 — 971 Предшественник Дуфф Преемник Кеннет II Рождение 954 Смерть 971(0971)Абингдон, Оксфордшир, Англия Место погребения Сент-Андрус Род Макальпины Отец Ин…