Athlon 64

Athlon 64
Central processing unit
Prodottodal 2003 al 2009
ProduttoreAMD
SuccessoreAthlon 64 X2
Specifiche tecniche
Frequenza CPU1.0 GHz / 3.2 GHz
Processo
(l. canale MOSFET)
130 nm / 65 nm
Frequenza HyperTransport800 MT/s / 1000 MT/s
Set di istruzioniMMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, x86-64, 3DNow!
MicroarchitetturaAMD K8
N° di core (CPU)1
SocketSocket 754, Socket 939, Socket 940, Socket AM2, Socket AM2+

L'Athlon 64 (nomi in codice "ClawHammer", "Newcastle", "Winchester", "Venice", "San Diego", "Orleans" e "Lima"), prodotto da AMD, è stato il primo processore desktop con supporto 64 bit della famiglia x86 (altri processori a 64 bit sono apparsi sul mercato in precedenza, da parte di Sun, Digital, Mips, IBM, anche se per lo più riservati al mercato workstation) ed è stato presentato al pubblico il 18 maggio 2003.

È stato il primo processore della serie K8 per computer desktop e portatili.

Caratteristiche

Questo processore appartiene ad una famiglia di cui sono stati prodotti tre varianti: l'Athlon 64, l'Athlon 64 X2 (nomi in codice "Manchester", "Toledo", "Windsor" e "Brisbane") e l'Athlon 64 FX. Tutte e tre le varianti, grazie alla tecnologia AMD64, implementano il supporto 64, 32 e 16 bit.

Importante nuova implementazione dell'Athlon 64 è il controller della memoria (chiamato generalmente col suo nome inglese, memory controller) integrato. Questo componente, di solito presente nel Northbridge, serve a mettere in comunicazione la CPU con la memoria. L'implementazione nel die del processore di questo componente fa sì che i segnali non debbano più percorrere l'FSB per arrivare al Northbridge e poi da lì andare alle memorie e viceversa, ma fa in modo che vi sia un dialogo diretto con la memoria. Inoltre, in questo modo, il memory controller funziona alla stessa frequenza (clock) del processore guadagnando così in termini di prestazioni. Questa implementazione, in sostanza, abbassa di molto la latenza (tempo di risposta) delle memorie guadagnando molto in termini di prestazioni.

Un'altra importante tecnologia implementata nell'Athlon 64 è quella denominata Cool'n'Quiet, derivata dal precedente PowerNow! per CPU mobile e simile allo SpeedStep delle CPU mobile di Intel. Grazie a questa quando il processore non usa la sua massima potenza perché sta eseguendo solo pochi programmi in secondo piano, la frequenza e la tensione di alimentazione del processore stesso vengono abbassati. Questo fa sì che si riduca la quantità di corrente utilizzata ed il calore prodotto, passando da un TDP (Thermal dissipation envelope) dichiarato da AMD di 89 watt ad uno di appena 32 o 22 Watt (diminuendo la frequenza rispettivamente di 800 e 1000 MHz).

Di nuova introduzione sono i core Orleans e Lima, entrambi su socket AM2, nei quali sono state apportati miglioramenti riguardo al controller della RAM (adesso di tipo DDR2), e un miglior modulo di risparmio energetico.

Le CPU Athlon 64 sono state prodotte con processo produttivo a 130 e 90 nanometri.

Versioni

Tutti i processori montati su Socket 754 hanno il controller della memoria che supporta le DDR singolo canale (non in dual-channel).

Tabella riassuntiva processori presentati

Athlon 64

Clawhammer (130 nm SOI)

Newcastle (130 nm SOI)

(Clawhammer-512, ovvero un Clawhammer con cache L2 dimezzata)

Winchester (90 nm SOI)

Venice (90 nm SOI)

San Diego (90 nm SOI)

Orleans (90 nm SOI)

Lima (65 nm SOI)

Tabella riassuntiva core presentati

Core Processo costruttivo Stepping Estensioni Socket HyperTransport Enhanced Virus Protection VCore
Clawhammer 130 nm SOI C0, CG MMX, Extended 3Dnow!, SSE, SSE2, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 754 800 MHz NX-bit 1.50 V
Clawhammer 130 nm SOI CG MMX, Extended 3Dnow!, SSE, SSE2, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 939 1000 MHz NX-bit 1.50 V
Newcastle 130 nm SOI CG MMX, Extended 3Dnow!, SSE, SSE2, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 754 800 MHz NX-bit 1.50 V
Newcastle 130 nm SOI CG MMX, Extended 3Dnow!, SSE, SSE2, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 939 1000 MHz NX-bit 1.50 V
Winchester 90 nm SOI D0 MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 939 1000 MHz NX-bit 1.40 V
Venice 90 nm SOI E3 MMX, Extended 3Dnow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 754 800 MHz NX-bit 1.40 V or 1.45 V
Venice 90 nm SOI E3 MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 939 1000 MHz NX-bit 1.35 V or 1.40 V
San Diego 90 nm SOI E4 MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet 939 1000 MHz NX-bit 1.35 V or 1.40 V
Orleans 90 nm SOI F2, F3 MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD Virtualization AM2 1000 MHz NX-bit 1.35 V or 1.40 V
Lima 65 nm SOI G1 MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD Virtualization AM2 1000 MHz NX-bit 1.25/1.35/1.40V

Revision: B3

  • 130 nm SOI
  • 1MB of physical L2-cache
  • DDR333-support (NO DDR400)
  • 940-pin Opteron ONLY (found on some very old models)

Revision: C0

  • 130 nm SOI
  • 1MB of physical L2-cache (half of which may be disabled on some parts - e.g. old 754-pin Athlon 64 3000+ parts)

Revision: CG

  • 130 nm SOI
  • slightly improved memory controller
  • either 1MB or 512KB of physical L2-cache (determined by model number), as with C0, parts of the physical L2-cache may be disabled on certain parts

Revision: D0

  • 90 nm SOI
  • 512KB of physical L2-cache (part of which may be disabled on some parts, e.g. a few 754-pin Semprons)

Revision: E3

  • 90 nm SOI
  • 512KB of physical L2-cache
  • improved memory-controller
  • SSE3-support

Revision: E4

  • 90 nm SOI
  • 1MB of physical L2-cache
  • improved memory-controller
  • SSE3-support

Revision: E6

  • 90 nm SOI
  • 2MB of physical L2-cache (1MB per core)
  • improved memory-controller
  • SSE3-support

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