Abazines

Abazines
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Abazines (milieu du XIXe siècle)
Description de l'image Flag of Abazinia.svg.
Populations importantes par région
Drapeau de la Turquie Turquie 15 000 à 50 000[1]
Drapeau de l'Égypte Égypte 50 000[2]
Drapeau de la Russie Russie 43 341
Drapeau de la République de Karatchaïévo-Tcherkessie Karatchaïévo-Tcherkessie 36 919
Kraï de Stavropol 3 646
Drapeau de la Kabardino-Balkarie Kabardino-Balkarie 418
Drapeau de l'Arménie Arménie 400
Drapeau de l'Ukraine Ukraine 128 (2001)[3]
Population totale environ 150 000
Autres
Régions d’origine Nord-ouest du Caucase
Langues abaza, russe, turc, arabe
Religions islam sunnites majoritaire
Ethnies liées Adyguéens, Abkhazes

Les Abazines forment un peuple caucasien de langue abaza qui fait partie de la branche des langues abkhazo-adyguéennes. Ils sont disséminés dans les montagnes d'Abkhazie et de Karatchaïévo-Tcherkessie et autour de Stavropol, ainsi que dans des villages du nord de Sotchi et en Adyguée. Le recensement de 2010 donnait le chiffre de 43 341 Abazines en Russie, dont 36 919 en Karatchaïévo-Tcherkessie (7,6% de la population). De tradition sunnite (convertis à partir du XVe siècle par l'Empire ottoman) ils conservent des traditions syncrétiques, une petite minorité est reconvertie au christianisme orthodoxe. Ils vivaient naguère essentiellement d'élevage, ainsi que du travail du cuir et de la laine. Il existe une diaspora, essentiellement en Turquie, en Syrie et au Liban. La jeune génération ne parle pas toujours le langage de ses ancêtres et s'assimile avec d'autres peuples, notamment à l'est, avec les Abkhazes.

Hérodote, au Ve siècle av. J.-C., lorsqu'il décrit les peuples du Pont-Euxin évoque les « Abazguis »[source insuffisante].

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

  • (ru) Абазины // Народы России. Атлас культур и религий. — М.: Дизайн. Информация. Картография, 2010. — 320 с. — (ISBN 978-5-287-00718-8) [« Les Abazines », in Les Peuples de Russie. Atlas des cultures et des religions, Moscou, 2010, 320 pages]
  • (en) Jeffrey Cole (dir.), « Abazin », in Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, 2011, p. 1-2 (ISBN 9781598843026)
  • (en) Shirin Akiner, « Abazins », in Islamic Peoples of The Soviet Union, Routledge, 2013 (éd. rév.), p. 236-239 (ISBN 9781136142666)

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