Born in Seoul, Yoon attended Seoul National University. In his capacity as the Chief of the Seoul Central District Prosecutor's Office, he played a key role in convicting former presidents Park Geun-hye and Lee Myung-bak for abuse of power.[3][4][5] Yoon was appointed prosecutor general of South Korea by President Moon Jae-in in July 2019. During Yoon's leadership, the Supreme Prosecutor's Office conducted embattled investigations into Cho Kuk, an influential figure in the Moon administration, that would lead to Cho's resignation as minister of Justice.[6][7] Yoon's clashes with the Moon administration until his resignation as prosecutor general in March 2021 led to his rise as a prominent presidential candidate among conservative voters, ahead of the 2022 presidential election.
Yoon started his career at Daegu Public Prosecutor's Office in 1994.[11][14][15][16][12] He headed the Special Branch and Central Investigation Department, both of which investigate corruption-related cases.[11] In 1999, he arrested Assistant Commissioner Park Hui-won, who was corrupt[19][12] despite strong objections from bureaucrats in the Kim Dae-jung cabinet.[11]
In January 2002, Yoon worked briefly as a lawyer at Bae, Kim & Lee but left as he felt that he was not suited to the position.[12] Upon his return as a prosecutor, he prosecuted such pro-Roh Moo-hyun figures as Ahn Hee-jung and Kang Keum-won.[11] In 2006, he apprehended Chung Mong-koo for his complicity in a slush fund case at Hyundai Motor Company.[11][12] In 2008, he worked for the independent counsel team resolving the BBK incident related to President Lee Myung-bak.[11]
In 2013, Yoon led a special investigation team that looked into the National Intelligence Service (NIS)'s involvement in the 2012 NIS public opinion manipulation scandal. Yoon sought the prosecution of the former head of the NIS, Won Sei-hoon for violating the Public Official Election Act. He accused Justice Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn of influencing his investigation.[20] As a result, he was demoted from the Seoul prosecutors' office to the Daegu and Daejeon High Prosecutors' Office.[21][20]
Yoon later became head of investigations in the special prosecutor team of Park Young-soo, which investigated allegations pertaining to the 2016 Choi Soon-sil scandal involving Choi, Samsung vice-chairman Lee Jae-yong and then-president Park Geun-hye, which led to the impeachment of the president in December 2016.[21]
On 19 May 2017, the newly elected presidentMoon Jae-in appointed Yoon as chief of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office.[16] The prosecution indicted two former presidents Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye, three former NIS chiefs, former chief justice Yang Sung-tae and more than 100 other former officials and business executives under his tenure.[22] Yoon also led an investigation into accounting fraud at Samsung.[20]
During Yoon's leadership, the Supreme Prosecutor's Office launched investigations against Minister of JusticeCho Kuk, who was involved in various scandals.[26] His decision to investigate Cho was welcomed by the conservative opposition but was condemned by the Democratic Party and its supporters.[26][27][28]
After Choo Mi-ae was appointed the new minister of justice, she took an action against several prosecutors close to Yoon.[29][30] Choo attributed her decision to Yoon's failure to submit a reorganization plan for his department, which she requested, but this was seen as retaliation by the Blue House for Cho Kuk's prosecution.[31]
In April 2020, Democratic Party lawmakers again attacked Yoon and called on him to resign as the prosecution started investigations into election law violation cases involving both ruling and opposition politicians and also suspected election rigging of the Ulsan mayoral race for Mayor Song Cheol-ho in 2018 by senior secretaries at the Blue House.[32][33][34]
Suspension and reinstatement
On 24 November 2020, Minister of Justice Choo Mi-ae suspended Yoon from his position, citing alleged ethical violations, abuse of power, and interference into investigations of his associates and family members.[35] Yoon filed an injunction against the minister's suspension order, which was approved by the Seoul Administrative Court on 1 December, temporarily halting the suspension.[36][37] On 16 December, the Ministry of Justice then imposed a two-month suspension on Yoon, accepting four of six major charges for disciplinary action. The decision was subsequently approved by President Moon.[38] However, on 24 December, following an injunction filed at the Seoul Administrative Court, the suspension was overturned as the court accepted Yoon's claim that the process to suspend him was unfair.[39]
Yoon had been considered a potential presidential candidate for the 2022 presidential election since the aftermath of the Cho Kuk controversies, appearing as a significant candidate in general election opinion polls since at least January 2020.[40][41] In a January 2021 poll including all possible presidential candidates, Yoon led as the most favored with 30.4 percent of the vote, more than the individual supports for the ruling Democratic Party frontrunners Lee Jae-myung and Lee Nak-yon.[42]
On 4 March 2021, Yoon tendered his resignation as the prosecutor-general, which was accepted by President Moon.[43] On 29 June 2021, Yoon officially announced his candidacy in the 2022 presidential election.[44] On 12 July, he registered with the National Election Commission as an independent candidate.[45]
On 30 July 2021, Yoon officially joined the conservativePeople Power Party, which was the main opposition party in South Korea.[45] Prior to this Yoon had been a political independent, although his popular support came primarily from conservatives. Yoon was welcomed into the PPP by Choi Jae-hyung, a fellow 2022 presidential candidate, in a small public ceremony at the PPP headquarters located in Yeouido, Seoul. Choi was the former head of the Board of Audit and Inspection and had also just recently joined the PPP, officially having become a member on 15 July. Yoon's welcoming ceremony into the People Power Party notably did not include recently elected party leader Lee Jun-seok, who had been outside of Seoul at the time.[45]
During the primary election period, Yoon came under criticism for several perceived gaffes and controversial statements. In July, Yoon advocated for a 120-hour work week while critiquing President Moon's policy of the 52-hour maximum work week.[46] Yoon advocated deregulating food safety standards because, in his opinion, "poor people should be allowed to eat substandard food for lower prices", citing economist Milton Friedman's 1980 book Free to Choose: A Personal Statement as the inspiration for the idea.[47][48] In August, Yoon stated that South Korea's recent feminist movement was a significant contributing factor to the issue of the nation's low birth rates.[47] Later that same week, Yoon claimed during an interview with Busan Ilbo that there was "basically no radiation leak" from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster because "the reactors themselves didn't collapse."[49]
On 2 September 2021, news website Newsverse reported that during his time as prosecutor general, Yoon had allegedly ordered a senior prosecutor Son Jun-sung and politician Kim Woong to file politically motivated criminal complaints against Democratic Party politicians ahead of the 2020 legislative elections in an attempt to sway the elections.[50][51] In response to the allegations, an internal investigatory probe was launched by the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, and an investigation was launched by the recently formed Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials (CIO).[50][52] Yoon denied the allegations and reported informant Cho Sung-eun and Director of the National Intellience ServicePark Jie-won to the CIO.[51]
In early September, support for PPP primary contender Hong Joon-pyo, who had been the nominee for PPP predecessor Liberty Korea Party in the 2017 presidential election, rose sharply in polls, which made Hong the most significant contender to Yoon since the beginning of the campaign cycle. A 6 September poll of contenders across all parties showed support for Hong at 13.6%, up from 4.2% a week earlier, behind Yoon who had support at 26.4%.[53]
During primary debates amongst PPP presidential candidates, Yoon appeared to have the hanja character for "king" written on his left palm, a shamanist talisman for good luck.[54][55][56] Yoon's primary opponents, including Hong Joon-pyo and Yoo Seong-min, criticized Yoon for using shamanist practices and made comparisons to the Choi Soon-sil scandal.[55] In response to the criticism, Yoon stated that "a supporter drew that as a message of support, encouraging me to be confident like a 'king' during the debate", and that he had forgotten to wash the mark off.[57]
In October 2021, Yoon made complimentary remarks about former authoritarianmilitary dictator of South Korea Chun Doo-hwan. The remarks came during a meeting with People Power Party officials in Busan, during which Yoon said that "many people still consider Chun as having done well in politics, except the military coup and the Gwangju Uprising", later adding that he believed even people in Honam, the geographic area including Gwangju, felt the same way.[58] Chun Doo-hwan, a widely maligned figure in South Korea, was responsible for numerous human rights abuses, including the torture and killings of innocent civilians. Yoon apologized for these remarks.[59] However, news media and members of the Democratic Party speculated that a picture he posted on Instagram and later deleted indicated that the apology was insincere. The photo was of him feeding an apple to his dog, where the Korean words for "apple" and "apology" (사과) are homonyms. Yoon later denied the alleged symbolism of the photo.[60] Yoon again apologized for his remarks when he visited the May 18th National Cemetery in Gwangju on 10 November, although his visit was met by protesters.[61][62]
On 5 November 2021, Yoon officially won the nomination of the People Power Party for the 2022 presidential election.[63][64] The win came after Yoon fought off a surge in support for rival candidate Hong Joon-pyo in the latter weeks of the primary. The nomination resulted from a four-day period of voting by party members and the general public. Yoon Suk Yeol won 47.85% of the votes, a total of 347,963 votes, and of the remaining candidates Hong Joon-pyo won 41.50% of the votes, Yoo Seong-min won 7.47% of the votes, and Won Hee-ryong won 3.17% of the votes.[65]
On 7 November 2021, Yoon stated that if elected president he would pardon former presidents Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye, both of whom were serving lengthy prison sentences for corruption (Park Geun-hye was later pardoned by President Moon Jae-in on 24 December of that same year).[66][67]
Yoon narrowly won the 2022 presidential election that took place on 9 March 2022. Democratic Party candidate Lee Jae-myung conceded defeat in the early hours of the following day.[68][69][70] Yoon won 48.56% of the votes, while Lee Jae-Myung won 47.83% of the vote.[71] Yoon's presidential election victory was by the closest margin in South Korean history.[72]
On 20 March 2022, he announced that he would establish his presidential office in the Ministry of National Defense building in Yongsan District, Seoul, instead of the Blue House, which was open to the public as a park on 10 May 2022.[73] He would take office that day.[74] This marked the end of the Blue House as the official presidential office and residence after 74 years.
Domestic policy
Economic policy
In 2023, Yoon attempted to raise South Korea's maximum weekly working hours from 52 to 69. However, widespread backlash, especially from the youth, led him to order government agencies to reconsider the plan.[75]
2022 police bureau proposal
In late July 2022, Yoon proposed the creation of a "police bureau", in order to ensure greater government oversight of the police force. In response, several police officers protested, claiming the measure was a dictatorial measure to compromise the political neutrality of the police.[76]
In response to the protests, Lee Sang-min, Yoon's Interior Minister, compared them to the 1979 Coup d'état of December Twelfth, though he later walked back the remarks. Yoon himself also criticized the protests, saying, "Like many, I am also deeply concerned about the collective protest of the police chiefs," and calling it a "serious breach" of police discipline.[76]
Following the protests, the presidential office threatened to punish police officers. Additional remarks by Yoon Hee-keun, President Yoon's choice as Commissioner General of the National Police Agency, suggesting that police should focus on wages rather than the establishment of a police bureau, further inflamed tensions.[77]
On 29 October 2022, at least 158 people were crushed to death when a crowd surged in an alleyway during Halloween festivities in Seoul's Itaewon district. Yoon declared a state of official national mourning.[78]
On February 6, 2024, Yoon announced that the enrollment quota for medical students would be increased from 3,058 to 5,058 students per academic year from 2025 onward.[79] The quota was last fixed in 2006.[79] The announcement was met with opposition from the medical community, with Korea Medical Association and Korea Intern Resident Association leading a strike by intern and resident doctors since February 20, 2024.[80] They argued that the planned increase would not resolve the issues of inadequate manpower in rural areas but would increase the inequality of medical care between rural and urban areas.[81]
Defeat of the PPP in the 2024 parliamentary elections
The opposition's landslide victory in the 2024 parliamentary elections put Yoon in an even weaker position. The PPP obtained 108 seats, 36% of the National Assembly; the main opposition party (DPK) won 175 seats in total. The remaining 17 seats are held by the other members of the 22nd Assembly.[82]
Some speak of him as a "lame duck" following this major defeat [citation needed]. He is the first president to see an assembly unfavorable to him during a whole presidency and especially an opposition that is growing in relation to the first part of the mandate. The Chairman of the PPP Emergency Committee; Han Dong-hoon[83] resigned following the defeat and several other major government figures presented their resignation, including Yoon's Prime Minister Han Duk-soo.[84]
Controversy: MBC problem
Yoon's People Power Party sued four senior executives of local broadcaster Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, including MBC TV head Park Sung-je, on grounds of defamation after news outlets initially reported that he insulted the US Congress.[85][86] On 21 September 2022, after chatting with US PresidentJoe Biden outside the seventh Global Fund meeting in New York City, Yoon was filmed telling his aides and top diplomats, "Wouldn't [inaudible] lose face if these saekki do not pass it in the legislature?"[87] Although the audio is hard to discern, MBC, who broke the story on air, determined in its subtitles that he said "Biden" in an apparent reference to the latter's bid to increase the American contribution to the Global Fund by $6 billion, an act that would require congressional approval. Yoon's office denies that he was talking about Biden or the US Congress. Instead, it claims that he was expressing concern that his country's opposition-controlled parliament would reject his plans for a $100 million contribution to the same fund, and his press secretary Kim Eun-hye suggested that the word he uttered was not "Biden", but "nallimyeon", a similar-sounding word that means "to blow or waste".[88] The video swiftly went viral, having been viewed repeatedly by millions. The controversy has also brought press freedom in South Korea to the public eye over the PPP's civil conduct involving MBC,[89] with some press freedom groups, including the International Federation of Journalists,[90] criticizing the lawsuit as politically motivated. A poll of 1,002 adult Koreans found his approval rating falling to 27.7 percent, a 3.7 percent drop from three weeks before, and that the majority (61.2 percent) believed Yoon said "Biden" compared to the 26.9 percent who thought he said "nallimyeon", and another poll of 1,000 adult Koreans found an even greater majority (70.8 percent) who said that he should directly apologize for his profanity versus the 27.9 percent who said he did not need to apologize.[91] The Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs sued MBC 'to restore trust in diplomacy'. This has been likened to the oppression of journalists by the Lee Myung-bak government in the past.[92]
Less than three months into his presidency, Yoon's approval rating dropped to less than 30 percent amidst the 2021–2023 inflation, a controversial education policy rollout (including a proposal to lower the starting elementary school age from six to five), controversies over nepotism in personnel appointments, the police bureau proposal, and conflicts within Yoon's People Power Party.[93][94] His popularity fell further to 19% in August.[95] In December, Yoon's approval rating rose back to above 40% for the first time in five months.[96] By April 2023, this has dropped back to 30%, largely due to widespread disapproval of Yoon's Japanese policy.[97] In May 2024, Yoon recorded the lowest approval rating since he took office at a rate of 21%, with his economic and foreign policy, as well as his lack of communication being cited as the main reasons for the low approval rating.[98]
In December 2022, Yoon administration announced the Indo-Pacific Strategy, a comprehensive strategy that encompasses the economic and security spheres of Indo-Pacific countries. "We (South Korea) will work towers a regional order that enables a difference set of countries to cooperate and procedures together."[99]
Yoon has visited the United States, and has considered sending weapons to Ukraine following the invasion by Russia.[100]
As of December 2023, during his tenure so far, Yoon has made trips to twenty-six countries. He has met with fellow leaders, such as during the NATO Summit Madrid 2022, APEC Summit, G20 and G7.[101]
Yoon later attended the NATO summit in Lithuania the following year.[102] He also attended the UN General Assembly and Global Fund's Seventh Replenishment Conference in New York City; he met with US President Joe Biden.[103]
On 25 April 2023, Yoon and First Lady Kim Keon-hee arrived in Washington D.C., to mark 70 years of the alliance between the Republic of Korea and the United States.[107]
"We know that no matter where you sit, you stand with Korea," Yoon Suk Yeol said in a speech to the U.S. Congress, adding that the South Korea-U.S. relationship is "stronger than ever."[108]
G7
At the G7 summit in May 2023, Yoon met with the leaders of the Quad nations. He called for addressing regional challenges and providing infrastructure and development assistance. In a speech to G7 members, Yoon stressed South Korea's continued commitment to maintaining the international rule of law and the need to protect Ukraine's freedom and peace.[109]
Yoon has been accused of having a pro-Japanese stance on historical issues and colonialism by liberals and some conservative[110][111] politicians in South Korea.
Yoon Suk Yeol's government does not seek direct compensation or apology from the Japanese government and companies for victims of forced labor, a war crime committed by the Empire of Japan government and Japanese companies during World War II, but instead expresses its stance to receive voluntary donations from South Korean companies through the foundation as a solution to the 2018 South Korean Supreme Court ruling, which demanded compensation from companies and the Japanese government for past war crimes against victims who were forcibly recruited by the Japanese Empire during World War II. The Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) criticized this, saying, "It tramples on the victims and represents Japan's companies interests".[112] The Justice Party (JP) also joined DPK in 'declarations of the state of affairs' (시국선언) to criticize the Yoon Suk Yeol government.[113] As of March 2023, 11 of the 15 surviving victims opposed the Yoon Suk Yeol government's solution and demanded direct compensation from the Japanese government and companies.[114]
Yoon Suk Yeol's remarks at a commemorative event related to the Samiljeol (3.1 절 or 삼일절), 1 March 2023 caused a great controversy in South Korea. Samiljeol is a national holiday that celebrates Koreans' spirit of resistance to regain their identity from colonial Japan. Yoon Suk Yeol said, "Korea lost its national sovereignty and suffered because it was not properly prepared for historical changes in the world at the time, and we should reflect on this past." The remarks drew criticism from the opposition parties in the South Korea as "Chinil" (친일),[115] "colonialist historical perspective" (식민사관),[116] and "pro-Japanese highly submissive diplomacy" (친일 굴종외교).[117] The DPK and the JP also strongly criticized his remarks.[118]
On 7 May 2023, Prime Minister Kishida visited Seoul in a historic trip, to further deepen ties.[122] Yoon emphasized that historical issues had to be "completely settled".[123] Kishida also expressed sympathy to Korean victims of colonial Japan.[124] However, Kishida was criticized by many South Korean media because he did not "apologize" for forced labor victims during World War II and did not mention Japan's responsibility for war crimes.[125][126] Some South Korean politicians also expressed strong dissatisfaction that Kishida did not apologize.[127]
Yoon and Kishida met with United States President Joe Biden on 18 August 2023 at Camp David in the United States. The three announced the Camp David Principles, a set of strategies to counter the influence of China, North Korea, and Russia as well as limit the risk of economic disruptions in the future.[128]
In a Reuters interview on 19 April 2023, President Yoon Suk Yeol hinted at supplying lethal aid to Ukraine, stating, "If there is a situation the international community cannot condone, such as any large-scale attack on civilians, massacre or serious violation of the laws of war, it might be difficult for us to insist only on humanitarian or financial support." Previously, South Korea had only provided humanitarian and economic aid to Ukraine. Yoon linked the struggle in Ukraine to the Korean War when the international community supported South Korea. He added, "I believe there won't be limitations to the extent of the support to defend and restore a country that's been illegally invaded both under international and domestic law. However, considering our relationship with the parties engaged in the war and developments in the battlefield, we will take the most appropriate measures."
In his welcoming speech to the "Africa Night" held in Seoul in November 2022, President Yoon said, "Africa is a land of new opportunity," indicating his intention to strengthen cooperation with Africa. The event was attended by African ambassadors and nominees from 31 countries, and President William Ruto of Kenya.[137]
Yoon also held summit with the leaders of the Central African Republic, Nigeria, Gabon and Kenya in 2022. To accelerate the push for a South Korea-Africa FTA, Yoon said he will invite African leaders to a special summit in South Korea in 2024. "The existing ministerial-level Korea-Africa Forum will be upgraded to the head of state," he added.[138]
In November 2023, Yoon's government suspended South Korea's participation in the Comprehensive Agreement Pact - a pact aimed at lowering tensions between South and North Korea - after North Korea launched a satellite into space.[139]
Yoon identifies himself as "conservative".[140]Chung Doo-un, a former conservative member of parliament, has considered Yoon a conservative.[141] Political commentator Chin Jung-kwon called his political inclination "libertarianism" (자유지상주의).[142][143] He has also been described as a social conservative.[144] His critical attitude toward feminism, nationalist nature, and hostile attitude toward the opposition and the liberal media, have led the media and experts to call him and his policies "K-Trumpism" (한국판 트럼프 or K-트럼프) and "far-right" (극우), allegations denied by him and his supporters.[145][146][147]
President Yoon entered office with a pledge to abolish the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. Political conflict related to issues of gender was intense in South Korea in 2022. He announced that the new government would not address gender as a collective issue, but rather focus on and respond to specific individual issues.[151]
As of May 2022, there were only three women among the State Councilors of the Yoon Suk Yeol government and only two women among the vice-ministerial level officials. This was criticized as a lack of women's representation in the government.[152] In response to these criticisms, Yoon appointed Park Soon-ae as the Minister of Education and Kim Seung-hee as the Minister of Welfare, increasing the ratio of female-to-male ministers in the cabinet to 30%.[153] However, Park Soon-ae resigned on 5 August, just 34 days into her tenure; Yoon's approval rating had fallen from 30% to 24%, largely due to public backlash against Park's school reform plans.[154]
On 22 September 2021, Yoon stated that he will ask that the United States redeploy tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea if there is a threat from North Korea.[156] Nuclear weapons have not been deployed by the US in South Korea since the early 1990s, after an agreement with Russia and in an effort to ease tensions between North and South Korea.[157] Speaking for the United States, US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Japan and Korea Mark Lambert rejected Yoon's call for the re-nuclearization of South Korea and said the proposal was against US policy.[157]
On 12 November 2021, Yoon indicated that he would be open to more US THAAD missile deployments in South Korea.[158]
R&D budget cut
The decision by the Yoon administration to reduce South Korea's research and development (R&D) budget by 15% for 2024 compared to the previous year has caused significant uproar among researchers. There are growing concerns that this cutback might undermine South Korea's competitiveness in the global technology sector.[159]
The move faced strong opposition, highlighted by an event at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). A student protested the budget reduction during a graduation ceremony while President Yoon Suk-yeol was giving his speech. But he was immediately restrained by bodyguards who were disguised as students.[159]
President Yoon has been married to Kim Keon-hee since 2012. His wife said that she prefers the term first spouse instead of the first lady.[160]
Kim is the president of Covana Contents, a company that focuses on art exhibitions.[161] Kim has faced an investigation that alleged she had taken 'kickbacks' for hosting art exhibitions, in addition to reports that circulated in the South Korean media that she inflated her resume with connections to New York University Stern School of Business. She responded by offering a public apology.[160]
^ abAccording to regular Korean reading rules, Yoon's given name should be pronounced 서결Seogyeol/sʌ.gjʌl/, but he prefers to pronounce his name as 성녈Seongnyeol/sʌŋ.njʌl/, as if it was written 석렬Seogryeol or 석녈Seognyeol.[2]
^ abcdefg"윤석열 검찰총장 후보자는? "강직한 성품 원리원칙주의자"" [Who is the candidate for Prosecutor General Yoon Seok-yeol? "A strong character with principles"]. 19 June 2019. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
^Son, Hye-jeong (28 September 2022). ""바이든이 맞다" 61.2%... "날리면이 맞다" 26.9%... 尹 지지율 27.9%" ["Biden is correct" 61.2%, "Nallimyeon is correct" 26.9%, approval rating 27.9%]. NewDaily (in Korean). Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
^"외교부, '윤 대통령 비속어 보도' MBC에 소송제기" [The Ministry of Foreign Affairs files a lawsuit against MBC for reporting on President Yoon's profanity.]. Kyunghyang Shinmun (in Korean). 15 January 2023. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
^"유승민 "기시다 총리 과거사 발언...진정성 사과 아냐"" [Yoo Seung-min said, "Prime Minister Kishida's comments on past history are insincere and not apologetic"]. 뉴스프리존. 8 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
^"Seoul's art market ascent reaches new high with first Frieze fair". The Art Newspaper. 29 August 2022. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023. The new, socially conservative president Yoon Suk-yeol's tax and inheritance policies have so far been popular with the collecting class, while he has also reportedly pledged $3.66bn for a fund to cultivate the arts.
^"Samsung commits $356 billion in investments with 80,000 new jobs". The Jakarta Post. 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023. The two parties are ideologically poles apart, and analysts say the key question is whether voters will kick out Moon's dovish Democratic Party and usher in a new hawkish, fiscally-conservative regime under opposition People Power party's Yoon.
^"'교육 박순애·복지 김승희·식약처 오유경'...尹 내각 女비율 단숨에 30% 근접" ['Park Soon-ae to Education, Kim Seung-hee to Welfare, Oh Yoo-kyung to Ministry of Food and Drug Safety': ratio of women in Yoon cabinet approaches 30%]. Aju News. 26 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
Bài này không có nguồn tham khảo nào. Mời bạn giúp cải thiện bài bằng cách bổ sung các nguồn tham khảo đáng tin cậy. Các nội dung không có nguồn có thể bị nghi ngờ và xóa bỏ. Nếu bài được dịch từ Wikipedia ngôn ngữ khác thì bạn có thể chép nguồn tham khảo bên đó sang đây. (tháng 7 năm 2016) Bản đồ thế giới trên wikimapia Số lượng điểm đánh dấu trên wikimapis từ tháng 5 năm 2006 đến t…
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Propriétés des systèmes isolés, fermés et ouverts dans l'échange d'énergie et de matière. Un système isolé, par opposition à un système ouvert, est un système physique qui n'interagit pas avec ses environnements. On dit d’un système qu’il est isolé s’il n'échange ni matière, ni chaleur, ni travail avec l'extérieur (paroi adiabatique et indéformable) – un système fermé peut échanger de la chaleur ou du travail avec l'extérieur, mais pas de la matière. Ce système o…
American politician (born 1982) Mike La RosaMember of the Florida House of Representativesfrom the 42nd districtIn officeNovember 6, 2012 – November 3, 2020Preceded byRedistrictedSucceeded byFred Hawkins Personal detailsBorn (1982-02-25) February 25, 1982 (age 42)Miami, Florida, U.S.Political partyRepublicanSpouseHolly La RosaChildren3Alma materUniversity of Central Florida (BA)ProfessionReal estate Mike La Rosa (born February 25, 1982) is a Republican politician from…
Grafik peringkat lima perusahaan teratas (2011-2013) Berikut adalah daftar perusahaan umum dengan kapitalisasi pasar terbesar, serta perusahaan milik negara menurut perkiraan nilai pasar. Kapitalisasi pasar dihitung dari harga saham (tercatat pada hari tertentu) dikali jumlah saham yang dikeluarkan. Jumlah ditukar ke dalam satuan juta dolar Amerika Serikat (nilai tukar pada hari tertentu) agar bisa diperbandingkan. Sejumlah perusahaan milik negara lebih besar daripada perusahaan umum terbesar. M…
هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (ديسمبر 2016) نادي جاز تأسس عام 22 سبتمبر 1934 (22 سبتمبر 1934) البلد فنلندا الإدارة الموقع الر…
خورخي ماكويدا معلومات شخصية الميلاد 6 فبراير 1988 (العمر 36 سنة)إسبانيا الطول 1.97 متر (6 قدم 6 بوصة) مركز اللعب ظهير أيمن الجنسية إسباني الوزن 105 كيلوغرام (231 رطل) الحياة العملية معلومات النادي النادي الحالي نادي فاردار لكرة اليد الرقم 15 المهنة لاعب كرة يد الرياضة كرة الي…
أنتريهالشعارمعلومات عامةلغة العمل أو لغة الاسم الإنجليزية موقع الويب ncbi.nlm.nih.gov… محدد موقع الموارد المُوحَّد https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/ نقطة نهاية واجهة برمجة تطبيقات الويب https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/ تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات الشعار نظام البحث أنتريه للاستعلام العموم…
CCTV-2 财经CCTV-2 KeuanganDiluncurkan1 Mei 1973PemilikChina Central TelevisionNegara Republik Rakyat TiongkokSitus webCCTV-2Televisi InternetCNTV Ai BuguCCTV-2 CCTV-2 adalah saluran keuangan (sebelumnya saluran ekonomi hingga 24 Agustus 2009) yang terfokus pada jaringan CCTV (China Central Television) di Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Fokus utama dari saluran ini adalah: Konservasi energi Bursa saham Permainan Beberapa acara 8:00 AM: 第一时间, First Focus 11:50 AM: 全球资讯榜, Global Infor…
Cip l'arcipoliziottoCip and ZagarCreative teamCreated byBenito JacovittiCip l'arcipoliziotto (also spelled as Cip l'arcipoliziottto or l'arcipoliziotto Cip) is the title character of a comic strip series. The comic was created by Benito Jacovitti in 1945.[1][2] It is a zany parody of traditional crime-noir literature.[3] It features a little, bald and scorbutic detective that, helped by his loyal assistant Gallina (Chicken), try to catch Zagar, a black-dressed crimina…
2011 single by Juan Magan featuring Pitbull and El CataBailando Por El MundoSingle by Juan Magan featuring Pitbull and El Catafrom the album The King of Dance ReleasedOctober 4, 2011Recorded2011GenreMerenhouseLength3:15LabelSony MusicSongwriter(s)Juan MaganArmando PerezEdward BelloDj BuddhaProducer(s)Juan MaganDj BuddhaJuan Magan singles chronology Bailando Por Ahí (2011) Bailando Por El Mundo (2011) Se Vuelva Loca (2012) Pitbull singles chronology I Like How It Feels(2011) Bailando Por…
Bridge in near Queenstown, New ZealandEdith Cavell BridgeNovember 2012 view of the Edith Cavell Bridge over the Shotover RiverCoordinates44°59′17.9″S 168°40′18.8″E / 44.988306°S 168.671889°E / -44.988306; 168.671889Carriesroad trafficCrossesShotover RiverLocalenear Queenstown, New ZealandNamed forEdith CavellOwnerQueenstown-Lakes DistrictHeritage statusHeritage New Zealand Category I[1]ID number4371CharacteristicsDesignParabolic rib archMaterialReinfor…
Shahih Muslim PengarangMuslim bin al-HajjajNegaraPersiaBahasaArabSubjekHadisGenreKumpulan hadisDiterbitkanabad ke-9 Al-Jami' atau biasa dikenal dengan Shahih Muslim merupakan kitab (buku) koleksi hadis yang disusun oleh Muslim bin al-Hajjaj yang hidup antara 202 hingga 261 hijriah.[1] Ia merupakan murid dari Imam Bukhari. Koleksi hadis ini di kalangan muslim Sunni adalah koleksi terbaik kedua setelah Shahih Bukhari. Dari sekitar 300.000 hadis yang ia kumpulkan hanya sekitar 4000 yang tel…
Rebecca WatsonWatson pada 2012LahirRebecca Watson1980 (umur 43–44)[1]Amerika SerikatAlmamaterUniversitas BostonTahun aktif2005–kiniSitus webskepchick.org Rebecca Watson adalah seorang blogger dan pemandu siniar Amerika Serikat. Ia adalah pendiri blog Skepchick dan mantan salah satu pemandu siniar The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe. Ia juga sebelumnya menjadi salah satu pemandu siniar Little Atoms.[2][3] Referensi ^ Watson, Rebecca (December 30, 2019). I…
Anto Mukti Putranto Komandan Kodiklat TNI ADMasa jabatan23 Juli 2018 – 21 Januari 2022PendahuluAndika PerkasaPenggantiIgnatius Yogo TriyonoPanglima Komando Daerah Militer II/Sriwijaya ke-39Masa jabatan25 April 2017 – 23 Juli 2018PendahuluSudirmanPenggantiIrwanPanglima Divisi Infanteri 1/KostradMasa jabatan9 Juni 2016 – 25 April 2017PendahuluSudirmanPenggantiAinurrahman Informasi pribadiLahir26 Februari 1964 (umur 60)Jember, IndonesiaAlma materAkademi Mil…