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Wukchumni dialect
Wukchumni or Wikchamni is an extinct dialect of Tule-Kaweah Yokuts that was historically spoken by the Wukchumni people of the east fork of the Kaweah River of California.  As of 2014, Marie Wilcox (1933–2021) was the last remaining native speaker of the language. There are efforts at revitalization, and Wilcox completed a comprehensive Wukchumni dictionary;[2][3] at her death there were at least three fluent speakers.[1][4] StatusIn 2019, Wukchumni was categorized as 8a or "moribund" on the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale.[5][6] It became extinct upon the death of its last native speaker, Marie Wilcox, in 2021. Revitalization effortsIn the early 2000s, Marie Wilcox, aided by her daughter Jennifer Malone, began compiling a Wukchumni dictionary. The work was copyrighted in 2019, but has not been published.[7] Wilcox and Malone held classes teaching beginner and intermediate Wukchumni to interested tribal members;[8][9] Malone continues this teaching at Owens Valley Career Development Center.[1][7] Efforts to revive Wukchumni have additionally been organized through the Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program.[6] Possibility of more native speakersDue to Wilcox's efforts, at least three people are fluent in the language.[1] Destiny Treglown, Marie Wilcox's great-granddaughter, is raising her child, Oliver, as a Wukchumni speaker. If he reaches fluency, he will become the first native speaker of the language in four generations.[10][11] PhonologyThe following tables are based on Gamble (1978).[12] Consonants
Allophones of /ʃ, x/ include [ʒ̊, xʷ]. Vowels
A long vowel /eː/ can be lowered to [æː] when occurring before an /n/. The central vowels /ɨ/ and /ə/ are partially rounded. All phonetic short vowel allophones include [ɪ], [ɛ], [ɨ̞], [ɜ], [ʌ], [o̞], [ʊ]. References
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Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia
