Turbo marmoratus

Turbo marmoratus
	Two views of a shell of Turbo marmoratus.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Vetigastropoda
Order:	Trochida
Superfamily:	Trochoidea
Family:	Turbinidae
Genus:	Turbo
Species:	T. marmoratus
Binomial name
	Turbo marmoratus; Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
	Turbo cochlus Gmelin, 1791; Turbo olearius Linnaeus, 1758; Turbo regenfussi Deshayes, G.P., 1843; Turbo undulata Röding, 1798; Turbo (Lunatica) marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758;

Turbo marmoratus, known as the green turban, the marbled turban or great green turban, is a large species of marine gastropod with a thick calcareous operculum in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.^[1]

The shells of these large sea snails have a very thick layer of nacre; this species has been commercially fished as a source of mother of pearl.

Distribution

These large snails live in tropical reefs in the Indian Ocean (off Tanzania, Madagascar, Aldabra and the Mascarene Basin) and tropical western Pacific oceans; also off Queensland, Australia. They are nocturnal and feed on algae.^[2] Specimens were found among oysters in Samish Bay, Washington in 1924, though it does not appear to have become established there. It was also deliberately introduced to Samoa and Tonga in the 1990's - but it is unclear if these populations became self-sustaining - and French Polynesia, where it provides an important fishery for food and shell products.^[3]

Description

The distinctive shell grows to a length of 18 cm. The large, imperforate, solid shell is ventricose, as broad as long. Its color pattern is green, marbled with white and rich brown. The 6-7 whorls are flattened or concave above, rounded and bearing two nodose keels below, and a stronger nodose carina above. It bears blunt tubercles, especially strong on the shoulders. Its large, circular aperture has a golden, pearly shine. The base of the shell is produced. The columellar region is more or less excavated.

The subcircular operculum is somewhat concave within. Its outer surface is closely tuberculate and whitish.^[4]

Turbo marmoratus is the host of the ectoparasitic copepod Anthessius isamusi Uyeno & Nagasawa, 2012

Uses

The shell of marbled turbans is used as a source of nacre. The large opercula of Turbo marmoratus have been sold as paperweights or door stops.^[5] Green turbans are also popular as food.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b WoRMS (2012). Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216369 on 2012-10-01
^ "Natural History Museum". Natural History Museum. Archived from the original on 2012-10-15.
^ ^a ^b "Turbo marmoratus". invasions.si.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
^ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
^ Man and mollusc

Oostingh, C.H., 1925. Report on a collection of recent shells from Obi and Halmahera, Molluccas. Mededeelingen van de Landbouwhoogeschool Wageningen, 29(1):1-362.
Allan, J., 1950. Australian Shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Georgian House, Melbourne. xix 470 pp..
Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice
Wilson, B., 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA
Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2003). A Conchological Iconography: The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. Conchbooks, Hackenheim Germany.