Sorghum (genus)

Sorghum
S. bicolor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Panicoideae
Supertribe:	Andropogonodae
Tribe:	Andropogoneae
Subtribe:	Saccharinae
Genus:	Sorghum Moench 1794, conserved name not Sorgum Adanson 1763
Type species
S. bicolor (L.) Moench
Synonyms[1]
Blumenbachia Koeler 1802, rejected name not Schrad. 1825 (Loasaceae) Sarga Ewart Vacoparis Spangler Andropogon Hackel.

Sorghum (/ˈsɔːrɡəm/) or broomcorn is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Sorghum bicolor is grown as a cereal for human consumption and as animal fodder.

Evolution

Phylogeny

The Sorghum genus is closely related to maize within the PACMAD clade of grasses, and more distantly to the cereals of the BOP clade such as wheat and barley.[2]

(Part of Poaceae)	BOP clade Bambusoideae (bamboos) Pooideae other grasses  (fescue, ryegrass)   Triticeae   Hordeum (barley) Triticum (wheat) Secale (rye) Oryza (rice) PACMAD clade Pennisetum (fountaingrasses, pearl millet) Sorghum (sorghum) Zea (maize)

Taxonomy

The Sorghum genus is in the grass family, Poaceae, in the subfamily Panicoideae, in the tribe Andropogoneae – the same as maize (Zea mays), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Accepted species recorded include:[3]

• Sorghum amplum – northwestern Australia
• Sorghum angustum – Queensland
• Sorghum arundinaceum – Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Madagascar, islands of the western Indian Ocean
• Sorghum bicolor – cultivated sorghum, also known as durra, jowari, or milo. Native to Sahel region of Africa; naturalized in many places
• Sorghum brachypodum – Northern Territory of Australia
• Sorghum bulbosum – Northern Territory, Western Australia
• Sorghum burmahicum – Thailand, Myanmar
• Sorghum controversum – India
• Sorghum × drummondii – Sahel and West Africa
• Sorghum ecarinatum – Northern Territory, Western Australia
• Sorghum exstans – Northern Territory of Australia
• Sorghum grande – Northern Territory, Queensland
• Sorghum halepense – Johnson grass – North Africa, islands of eastern Atlantic, southern Asia from Lebanon to Vietnam; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, the Americas
• Sorghum interjectum – Northern Territory, Western Australia
• Sorghum intrans – Northern Territory, Western Australia
• Sorghum laxiflorum – Philippines, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, New Guinea, northern Australia
• Sorghum leiocladum – Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria
• Sorghum macrospermum – Northern Territory of Australia
• Sorghum matarankense – Northern Territory, Western Australia
• Sorghum nitidum – East Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Micronesia
• Sorghum plumosum – Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia
• Sorghum propinquum – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Christmas Island, Micronesia, Cook Islands
• Sorghum purpureosericeum – Sahel from Mali to Tanzania; Yemen, Oman, India
• Sorghum stipoideum – Northern Territory, Western Australia
• Sorghum timorense – Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, New Guinea, northern Australia
• Sorghum trichocladum – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
• Sorghum versicolor – eastern + southern Africa from Ethiopia to Namibia; Oman
• Sorghum virgatum – dry regions from Senegal to the Levant.

Seventeen of the 25 species are native to Australia,[4][5][6] with the range of some extending to Africa, Asia, Mesoamerica, and certain islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.[7][8]

References

1. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". Retrieved 4 September 2016.
2. Escobar, Juan S; Scornavacca, Céline; Cenci, Alberto; Guilhaumon, Claire; Santoni, Sylvain; et al. (2011). "Multigenic phylogeny and analysis of tree incongruences in Triticeae (Poaceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 181. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..181E. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-181. PMC 3142523. PMID 21702931.
3. "The Plant List: Sorghum". Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden. 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
4. Henry, Robert; Furtado, Agnelo; Brozynska, Marta (2016). "Genomics of crop wild relatives: expanding the gene pool for crop improvement". Plant Biotechnology Journal. 14 (4): 1070–85. doi:10.1111/pbi.12454. eISSN 1467-7652. ISSN 1467-7644. PMC 11389173. PMID 26311018. S2CID 3402991.
5. Dillon, Sally L.; Lawrence, Peter K.; Henry, Robert J.; Ross, Larry; Price, H. James; Johnston, J. Spencer (2004). "Sorghum laxiflorum and S. macrospermum, the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated S. bicolor based on ITS1 and ndhF sequence analysis of 28 Sorghum species". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 249 (3–4): 233–246. Bibcode:2004PSyEv.249..233D. doi:10.1007/s00606-004-0210-7. eISSN 1615-6110. ISSN 0378-2697. S2CID 27363366.
6. Dillon, S. L.; Lawrence, P. K.; Henry, R. J.; Ross, L.; Price, H. J.; Johnston, J. S. (2004). "Sorghum laxiflorum and S. macrospermum, the Australian native species most closely related to the cultivated S. bicolor based on ITS1 and ndhF sequence analysis of 25 Sorghum species". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 249 (3–4): 233–246. Bibcode:2004PSyEv.249..233D. doi:10.1007/s00606-004-0210-7. ISSN 0378-2697.
7. "Tropicos, Sorghum Moench". Tropicos. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
8. "Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 600 高粱属 gao liang shu Sorghum Moench, Methodus. 207. 1794". Efloras. Retrieved 31 May 2018.

External links

• "Sorghum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911.
• "Sorghum and millets in human nutrition" FAO Report (1995) Archived 2018-10-01 at the Wayback Machine