Remington Model 870

Remington Model 870
A Model 870 Fieldmaster
TypePump-action shotgun
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1951–present
Used bySee Users
WarsVietnam War
Lebanese Civil War
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
Production history
DesignerL.Ray Crittendon, Phillip Haskell, Ellis Hailston, G.E. Pinckney
Designed1950
ManufacturerRemington Arms
Unit cost$350[1]
Produced1951–present[2]
No. built11,000,000+[2]
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass7.0 lb (3.2 kg) to 8.0 lb (3.6 kg)
Length26.3 in (670 mm) to 50.5 in (1,280 mm)
Barrel length14 in (360 mm) to 30 in (760 mm)

Cartridge12 gauge, 16 gauge, 20 gauge, 28 gauge, or .410 bore
ActionPump-action
Feed system3+1, 4+1, 5+1, 6+1, or 7+1 round internal tube magazine, or an external 6+1 box magazine
SightsBead, twin bead, adjustable open sights, or ghost ring (all iron sights). Also cantilever and receiver-mounts for scopes[3]

The Remington Model 870 is a pump-action shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms Company, LLC. It is widely used by the public for shooting sports, hunting and self-defense, as well as by law enforcement and military organizations worldwide.[4]

Development

The Remington 870 was the fourth major design in a series of Remington pump shotguns. John Pedersen designed the fragile Remington Model 10 (and later the improved Remington Model 29). John Browning designed the Remington Model 17 (which was later adapted by Ithaca into the Ithaca 37), which served as the basis for the Remington 31. The Model 31 was marketed as the “ball-bearing repeater” and was well-received, but its many machined and handfitted parts made the gun expensive to manufacture. Consequently, it struggled in sales compared to the Winchester Model 12. To achieve better sales, Remington produced the Model 870 in 1950, which was more modern and reliable in its construction, easy to take apart and maintain, and relatively inexpensive.[5][6]

The 870 was a commercial success. Remington sold two million guns by 1973 (ten times the number of Model 31 shotguns it replaced). As of 1983, the 870 held the record for the best-selling shotgun in history, with three million sold.[7] By 1996, spurred by sales of the basic "Express" models, which were added as a lower-cost alternative to the original Wingmaster line, sales topped seven million guns. On April 13, 2009, the ten millionth Model 870 was produced.[8]

Design details

The 870 features a bottom-loading, side ejecting receiver and a tubular magazine under the barrel. The gun comes with a plug for migratory bird hunting which reduces the magazine's capacity to two[9] rounds. It has dual action bars, internal hammer, and a bolt which locks into an extension in the barrel. The action, receiver, fire control group, safety catch and slide release catch of the Remington Model 870 shotgun are similar to those used on the Remington Model 7600 series pump-action centerfire rifles and carbines. The basic fire control group design was first used in the automatic 11–48.[10] Twelve gauge stocks will also interchange on the older 12-gauge-sized 20-gauge receivers, although modification is needed to fit the smaller sized 20-gauge receivers employed since the late 1970s. Several parts of the 870, such as buttstocks and magazine tubes, will interchange with the semi-automatic Remington 1100 and 11–87.[11]

The original 870 models were offered with fixed chokes. In 1986 Remington introduced the new Remington "Rem Choke" system of screw-in chokes (also fitted to Remington model 1100 auto-loading shotguns at the same time). Initially, the Rem Chokes were offered only in 12 gauge in barrel lengths of 21, 26 and 28 in (530, 660 and 710 mm). The following year the availability was expanded to the 20 gauge and included other barrel lengths.[12]

The 870's production for over 30 years had a design flaw whereby a user could fail to press a shell all the way into the magazine when loading - so that the shell latch did not engage the shell - which could result in tying up the gun. This was caused by the shell slipping out of the magazine under the bolt in the receiver to bind the action, requiring rough treatment of the action or even disassembly. The potential issue was resolved with the introduction of the "Flexi Tab" carrier. Guns with this modification can be identified by the U-shaped cut-out on the carrier, visible from below the gun. The cut-out, combined with modified machining on the underside of the slide assembly, allows the action to be opened with a shell on the carrier.

Variants

Remington 870 Police Magnum 14 inch barrel (customize painted with cerakote color "Gunmetal")
Remington 870 Express Tactical fitted with aftermarket Remington ShurShot stock.
Remington Model 870 Wingmaster with 20" Home Defence barrel.
Remington 870 fitted with a pistol grip, Surefire light, and M4-type stock

There are hundreds of variations of the Remington 870 in 12, 16, 20, 28 gauges and .410 bore. All Remington 870 versions are built on the same platform and receiver, but there are small differences that can be more than just cosmetic. In 1969, Remington introduced 28 gauge and .410 bore models on a new scaled-down receiver size, and in 1972, a 20-gauge Lightweight ("LW") version was introduced on the same sized receiver, and all of the smaller gauges today are produced on that size receiver. From the original fifteen models offered, Remington currently produces dozens of models for civilian, law enforcement, and military sales. 870 variants can be grouped into the following:

Model Gauge Barrel Length Barrel Type Description
FieldMaster Deer 12 gauge 20 Fully rifled 20-inch fully rifled barrel with adjustable rifle sights. Satin black finish with walnut stock and fore-end with rubber recoil pad.[13]
410 Turkey TSS .410 bore 25 Vent Rib, Rem Choke Extended full choke, TRUGLO rail system. Receiver milled for maximum strength and reliability.[13]
Turkey Camo 12 gauge 21 Vent Rib, Rem Choke Pump action with full Rem Choke. Matte black finish on barrel and receiver. Synthetic stock. Shoots both 2 3/4" and 3".[13]
SPS Superslug 12 gauge 25 1/2 Fully rifled extra heavy (fluted) Drilled and tapped sights, Matte black finish. Synthetic stock.[13]
Fieldmaster 12, 20 gauge 28, 26, 21, 18.75, 26" & 20 Vent rib Rem Choke and fully rifled Bead and rifle sights, satin black carbon steel receiver finish, American walnut satin stock finish.[13]
Fieldmaster Synthetic 12, 20 gauge 28, 26, 21, 21 & 20 Vent rib Rem Choke and fully rifled Bead and rifle sights, satin blue receiver finish, matte black synthetic stock finish.[13]
Special Purpose Marine Magnum 12 gauge 18 1/2 Cylinder Choke Corrosion resistant utility gun with synthetic stock.[13]
SPS Super Mag Turkey Predator 12-gauge, 2 3/4", 3" and 3 1/2" 20 Rem Choke Slide action with pistol grip stock and black overmolded grip panels.[13]
Super Magnum Flyaway 2 3/4", 3" and 3 1/2" 12-gauge 28 Vent rib, Rem Choke Slide action with innovative bolt design keeps cycle stroke equal for all 3 lengths of shotshells.[14]
Super Magnum Turkey/Waterfowl Camo 2 3/4", 3" and 3 1/2" 12-gauge 26 Vent rib, Rem Choke Pump shotgun with camo coverage.[15]
Wingmaster 12 gauge 2 3/4" and 3", and 20 gauge, and .410 bore 25-28 Vent Rib, Rem Choke Satin finish on stock and fore-end. American walnut woodwork. Receiver and barrel are polished blue.[16]
Fieldmaster Fully Rifled Cantilever 12 gauge 20 Fully rifled Fully rifled barrel with black satin finish and walnut stock with fore-end rubber recoil pads.[14]

Norinco imitation

Chinese arms company Norinco has made unlicensed copies of the Remington 870, as the design is no longer under patent protection. The most common of these designs are the Norinco HP9-1 and M-98, the difference being that the HP9-1 has either a 12.5" or 14" barrel, whereas the M-98 has an 18.5" barrel.[17] In the United States, where most Norinco products are specifically non-importable,[18] this shotgun was imported and sold under the names Norinco Hawk 982 and Interstate Hawk 982.[19]

Users

A map with Remington Model 870 users in blue
A U.S. Coast Guard petty officer from Maritime Safety and Security Team 91106 armed with an Mk870P fitted with a Trijicon RX01 reflex sight and a Speedfeed stock
The Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun loaded with pyrotechnical shells (blanks) is seen here used as a last resort to scare off unwanted birds in flight from the vicinity of Incirlik Air Base
A U.S. Air Force Security Forces Marine Patrol airwoman from MacDill AFB with an M870
Country Organization name Quantity Date Reference
 Australia Australian Defence Force _ _ [20][21]
 Austria EKO Cobra _ _ [22]
Austrian armed forces
 Belgium Federal Police Special Units _ _ [22]
Belgian Armed Forces _ 2008 [23]
 Brazil First Special Forces Battalion (BFEsp) _ _ [24]
 Canada Canadian Armed Forces _ _ [25]
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) _ _ [26]
Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) _ _ [27]
Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) _ _ [26]
London Police Service (LPS) _ _ [28]
 Finland Finnish Army

(designated pumppuhaulikko 12 HAUL REM 870)

_ _ [29]
 Germany Bundeswehr, GSG 9, and Spezialeinsatzkommandos _ _ [30]
 Greece EKAM counter-terrorist unit of the Hellenic Police _ _ [31]
 British Hong Kong Royal Hong Kong Regiment _ _ [32]
 Ireland Army Ranger Wing, Special Detective Unit, Emergency Response Unit _ 2000 [33]
 Israel Israel Defense Forces and YAMAM _ _ [34]
 Luxembourg Unité Spéciale de la Police group of the Grand Ducal Police _ _ [35][36][37]
 Malaysia Various special operations such as: _ _ [38]
 Portugal Portuguese Marine Corps _ _ [39]
 Philippines Armed Forces of the Philippines and Bureau of Corrections _ _ < [40]
 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Police 51+ After 2001 [41]
 Sweden Swedish Armed Forces (designated "Understödsvapen 870") _ _ [42]
 Switzerland Swiss Armed Forces (designated Mehrzweckgewehr 91; MzGw 91) _ _ [43]
 South Korea Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Brigade _ _ [44]
 Taiwan Taiwan Coast Guard, Taiwan Reserve Army (T85 Shotgun) _ _

[45]

 United Kingdom United Kingdom Special Forces (designated L74A1), Police Service of Northern Ireland and Specialist Firearms Officers as a breaching weapon _ _ [46]
 United States U.S. Border Patrol _ _ [47]
U.S. Department of Education 27 2010 [48]
U.S. Military (designated M870) _ _ [49]
U.S. Secret Service 1,600 2001 [50]
Internal Revenue Service 60 2010 [51]
Various police forces such as: 2 (Cambridge PD) _
 Vietnam Mobile Police Force (Canh Sat Co Dong) _ _ [58]

See also

References

  1. ^ Douglas, Richard. "Why Remington's Model 870 Shotgun: In Production for Seventy Years". National Interest.
  2. ^ a b "Model 870 Wingmaster". Remington Arms Company, Inc. 2009. Archived from the original (Firearm Model History) on 1 March 2009.
  3. ^ "Remington Model 870 Shotguns". Remington Arms Company, Inc. Archived from the original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
  4. ^ The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces. How The Professionals Fight And Win. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.47-Tactics And Techniques, American Army Special Forces. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9
  5. ^ "Remington's Magnificent Five - Page Two". 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 23 May 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Remington 870". www.thespecialistsltd.com. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  7. ^ Wallack, LR. "Sixty Million Guns". 1983. In Gun Digest Treasury, Harold A. Murtz, editor, DBI Books. 1994 p.193 ISBN 0873491564
  8. ^ By (27 July 2020). "The Story of The Remington 870". Field & Stream. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  9. ^ "Office of Law Enforcement - The Hunter's Responsibility". www.fws.gov.
  10. ^ Michalowski, Kevin (2005). The Gun Digest Book of Sporting Shotguns. Gun Digest Books. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-89689-173-9.
  11. ^ Campbell, Ray (1 May 2021). "Remington 870: Why The Best Shotgun Is Actually The Cheapest". Top Firearm Reviews. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  12. ^ Remington Firearms Catalogs. Remington Arms. 1986.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "StackPath". www.remarms.com. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  14. ^ a b "StackPath". www.remarms.com. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  15. ^ "StackPath". www.remarms.com. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  16. ^ "StackPath". www.remarms.com. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  17. ^ Cutshaw, Charles Q. (28 February 2011). Tactical Small Arms of the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Small Arms From Around the World. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 327. ISBN 978-1-4402-2709-7. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  18. ^ Peterson, Phillip (2008). "Norinco". Gun Digest Buyer's Guide To Assault Weapons. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-4402-2672-4. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  19. ^ Lee, Jerry (11 April 2012). The Official Gun Digest Book of Guns & Prices 2012. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 747. ISBN 978-1-4402-2927-5.
  20. ^ "870P Shotgun". Royal Australian Navy. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  21. ^ "Weapons : Royal Australian Air Force". Airforce.gov.au. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  22. ^ a b "BMI" (PDF). www.bmi.gv.at.
  23. ^ "Belgian Defence Remington 870 technical sheet". Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  24. ^ "wiw_sa_brazil - worldinventory". 2 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  25. ^ "Remington 870 Shotgun makes a comeback". Archived from the original on 9 June 2011.
  26. ^ a b "Report to the Attorney General – Public inquiry into the deaths of Connie and Ty Jacobs". Alberta Justice. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 4 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  27. ^ "Canada seeking to cooperate with Russia in the Arctic".
  28. ^ Taylor, Scott (22 May 2017). "Police standoff at Tafalgar Street house ends". The Hamilton Spectator.
  29. ^ "Pumppuhaulikko 12 HAUL REM 870". Mil.fi. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
  30. ^ "TRANSIT-Informationsseite: www.denic.de". Rk-neckarzimmern.de. 11 February 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  31. ^ "Greece Ministry of Public Order Press Office: Special Anti-Terrorist Unit" (PDF). Official Website of the Hellenic Police. July 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
  32. ^ "RHKR Equipment - Weapons". www.rhkr.org. The Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers) Association. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  33. ^ "Ireland - The Irish Defence Forces Army Ranger Wing - Weapons". Special Operations.Com. 2000. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  34. ^ "Shotguns". The Israeli Special Forces Database. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016.
  35. ^ "Unofficial Pistols Page, Equipment". Unofficial Website of Unité Spéciale, Officially Endorsed. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  36. ^ "L'Unite d'Intervention de la Police Luxembourgeoise" (PDF) (in French). RAIDS Magazine. March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  37. ^ Lasterra, Juan Pablo (2004). "UPS Unidad Especial de la Policia Luxembourguesa" (PDF) (in Spanish). ARMAS Magazine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  38. ^ Thompson, Leroy (3 December 2008). "Malaysian Special Forces". Special Weapons. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  39. ^ Ferreira, Bryan (8 October 2020). "Portuguese Military – Special Operations and Elite Units". Spec Ops Magazine.
  40. ^ https://mb.com.ph/2021/05/06/bucor-gets-added-firearms-on-one-year-deal-from-pnp/
  41. ^ "World Infantry Weapons: Sierra Leone". 2013. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016.[self-published source]
  42. ^ Högkvarteret Informationsstaben (February 2011). "Försvarsmakten". Högkvarteret Informationsstaben. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  43. ^ "El equipo de los tiradores de precisión de las fuerzas armadas suizas | Armas – Revista Armas | Reportajes de armas cortas, rifles, armamento policial/militar, armas blancas, competiciones". Revista Armas. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  44. ^ "아덴만 여명작전! 부산에서 재현되다!" (in Korean). Archived from the original on 24 February 2021.
  45. ^ Tiezzi, Shannon (15 August 2015). "Taiwan's Coast Guard Conducts Armed Raid to Reclaim 'Hostages' Taken by Chinese Fishermen". The Diplomat. Asia-Pacific.
  46. ^ Skennerton, Ian D. (2005). "L-prefix Nomenclature". Arms & Militaria Press. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
  47. ^ "Guns of the United States Border Patrol". Human Events. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  48. ^ "Remington Shotguns – Federal Business Opportunities: Opportunities". Retrieved 17 March 2010.
  49. ^ Clancy, Tom (1996). Marine: A Guided Tour of a Marine Expeditionary Unit. Berkeley, California: Berkeley Trade. pp. 64, 79–80. ISBN 978-0-425-15454-0.
  50. ^ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  51. ^ "TIRWR-10-Q-00023". Federal Business Opportunities. 2 February 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  52. ^ "Perspectives" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  53. ^ C, Luke (26 February 2021). "Cambridge Police Commissioner makes Plans to Reduce Gun Inventory". The Firearm Blog.
  54. ^ "LAPD Equipment - Los Angeles Police Department".
  55. ^ "On the Range". The Sparta Independent. 2 June 2010. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  56. ^ Diez, Octavio (2000). Armament and Technology. Lema Publications, S.L. ISBN 84-8463-013-7.
  57. ^ NRA Staff. "Pennsylvania State Police Select Remington 870". American Rifleman. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  58. ^ "Bất ngờ kho súng của Cảnh sát Cơ động Việt Nam (3)". Archived from the original on 31 October 2019.

Read other articles:

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议,译文需在编辑摘要注明来源,或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌:《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁地…

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6] 得…

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府(Oguzkhan Presidential Palace)機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年,可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關(英语:National Council of Turkmenistan) 土…

Defunct US educational book publisher This article is about the American Book Company established in 1890. For the American Book Company established in 1996, see American Book Company (1996). American Book CompanyStatusDefunctFounded1890FounderVan Antwerp, Bragg and Co., A.S. Barnes & Co., D. Appleton and Co., and Ivison, Blakeman and Co.Defunct1981 SuccessorD. C. Heath and CompanyCountry of originUnited StatesPublication typesbooksThe American Book Company (ABC) was an educational book…

Expressway in the Philippines CAVITEX redirects here. For the basketball team, see CAVITEX Braves. Not to be confused with Manila–Cavite Road or Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway (MCX). R-1 Manila–Cavite ExpresswayMap of expressways in Luzon, with the Manila–Cavite Expressway in orangeCAVITEX looking northbound near Zapote, Las PiñasRoute informationMaintained by PEA Tollway Corporation and Cavite Infrastructure CorporationLength14 km (8.7 mi)Existed1985–presentComponen…

نصب صلاح الدين الأيوبي   معلومات فنية الفنان عبد الله السيد تاريخ إنشاء العمل 1993  بلد المنشأ  سوريا الموقع دمشق نوع العمل تمثال الموضوع وسيط property غير متوفر. المدينة دمشق المالك محافظة دمشق معلومات أخرى المواد برونز  الطول وسيط property غير متوفر. الوزن وسيط property غير متو…

1903 treaty between Cuba and the United States See also: Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934) Treaty of relationsPage one of the 1903 Treaty of Relations, including the Platt AmendmentSignedMay 22, 1903 (1903-05-22)LocationHavanaEffectiveJuly 1, 1904ExpiryJune 9, 1934 (1934-06-09)Signatories Cuba  United States Citations33 Stat. 2248; TS 437; 6 Bevans 1116Also known as the Permanent Treaty (6 Bevans 1126). Amended by supplementary convention of…

Barium chloride Names Other names Barium dichlorideBarium muriateMuryate of Barytes[1]Neutral barium chloride Identifiers CAS Number 10361-37-2 Y10326-27-9 (dihydrate) Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 23540 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.030.704 EC Number 233-788-1 PubChem CID 25204 RTECS number CQ8750000 (anhydrous)CQ8751000 (dihydrate) UNII 0VK51DA1T2 YEL5GJ3U77E (dihydrate) Y UN number 1564 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID7044508 InChI InChI=1S/Ba.…

Italian Roman Catholic priest The ReverendAlessandro GavazziBorn(1809-03-21)21 March 1809Bologna, Kingdom of ItalyDied9 January 1889(1889-01-09) (aged 79)Rome, Kingdom of Italy Alessandro Gavazzi (21 March 1809 – 9 January 1889) was an Italian Protestant preacher and patriot. Born a Catholic, he at first became a monk and attached himself to the Barnabites at Naples, where he afterwards acted as professor of rhetoric.[1] He later left the Church and became known as a …

Swiss-born engraver and publisher (1593–1650) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Engraving of Matthäus Merian by Joachim von Sandrart Frankfurt c. 1612; engraving by Matthäus Merian The castle and the town of Regensberg in Topographia Helvetiae, c. 1650 Gustav II Adolf in Polish 'de…

Standing army of the historic Kingdom of Hanover The Flag of Hanover. The Hanoverian Army (German: Hannoversche Armee) was the standing army of the Electorate of Hanover from the seventeenth century onwards. From 1692 to 1803 it acted in defence of the electorate. Following the Hanoverian Succession of 1714, this was in conjunction with the British Army with which it shared a monarch. Hanoverian troops fought in the War of the Austrian Succession, Seven Years' War and American War of Independenc…

Charitable organization Not to be confused with Wheels on Meals. Delivery of Thanksgiving dinner to a Meals on Wheels recipient in Montana, US (2011) Meals on Wheels is a program that delivers meals to individuals at home who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals. The name is often used generically to refer to home-delivered meals programs, not all of which are actually named Meals on Wheels. Many of the housebound recipients are the elderly, and many of the volunteers are also elder…

HyperCard Informations Développé par Bill Atkinson et Apple Première version 1987[1] Dernière version 2.4.1 (1998) Système d'exploitation GS/OS et Macintosh famille de systèmes d'exploitation Formats lus HyperCard stack (d) Formats écrits HyperCard stack (d) Type Système hypertexte (d) Documentation archive.org/details/Hyper_Card_Power/page/n39/mode/2up modifier - modifier le code - voir Wikidata (aide) HyperCard est un programme et un environnement de programmation développé par Apple…

Sacred tree in Sri Lanka This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (October 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Jaya Sri Maha Bodhiජය ශ්‍රී මහා බෝධියSacred Bodhi before c. 1913 and in the recent past.SpeciesBodhi (Ficus religiosa)LocationAnuradhapura, Sri LankaCoordinates8°20′41″N 80°23′48″E / 8.34472°N 80.39667°E&#x…

Species of tree Ipomoea arborescens Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Solanales Family: Convolvulaceae Genus: Ipomoea Species: I. arborescens Binomial name Ipomoea arborescens(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) G.Don[1] Ipomoea arborescens, the tree morning glory, is a rapidly-growing, semi-succulent flowering tree in the family Convolvulaceae. This tropical plant is mostly found in Mexico, and flower…

2001 single by 112 Peaches & CreamSingle by 112from the album Part III B-sideDance with MeReleasedMarch 13, 2001 (2001-03-13)[1]StudioDaddy's House (New York City)Length 3:13 (album version) 3:51 (radio remix) LabelBad BoyAristaSongwriter(s) Daron Jones Michael Keith Marvin Scandrick Quinnes Parker Sean Combs Mario Winans Jason Poo Bear Boyd Aljamaal Jones Courtney Sills Producer(s) Mario Winans Sean P. Diddy Combs 112 singles chronology It's Over Now (2000) Peache…

American film critic, author, publisher and educator This article is about the film critic. For the composer, see James V. Monaco. James MonacoBorn(1942-11-15)November 15, 1942Flushing, New York, U.S.DiedNovember 25, 2019(2019-11-25) (aged 77)Manhattan, New York, U.S.Occupation(s)Film critic, film historian, publisherYears active1965–2019Spouse(s)Susan Schenker(3 children)Websitehttp://www.JamesMonaco.com James F. Monaco (November 15, 1942 – November 25, 2019)[1] was an Ame…

Silica pseudomorph after gypsum crystals and silicified serpulid polychaete tubes Pseudomorph of goethite after pyrite In mineralogy, a pseudomorph is a mineral or mineral compound that appears in an atypical form (crystal system), resulting from a substitution process in which the appearance and dimensions remain constant, but the original mineral is replaced by another. The name literally means false form. Terminology for pseudomorphs is replacer after original, as in brookite after rutile. Su…

Dietrich School redirects here. For the college at Carnegie Mellon University, see Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences. Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and SciencesTypeCollege of Arts and SciencesEstablished1787 (1787)Parent institutionUniversity of PittsburghDeanKathleen M. BleeAcademic staff1,012Undergraduates10,328Postgraduates1,511Websitewww.as.pitt.edu The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences (Dietrich School or School of Arts and Sciences) is one of the 17…

العلاقات الصومالية الكمبودية الصومال كمبوديا   الصومال   كمبوديا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الصومالية الكمبودية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين الصومال وكمبوديا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المق…