Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district

Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district
Map
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
Population (2022)779,565[1]
Median household
income
$75,032
Ethnicity
Cook PVIR+5[2]

Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district is currently located in the south-central region of the state. It encompasses all of Dauphin County as well as parts of Cumberland County and York County. The district includes the cities of Harrisburg and York. Prior to 2019, the district was located in the northeastern part of the state. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania redrew the district in 2018 after ruling the previous map unconstitutional because of gerrymandering. The court added State College to the old district's boundaries while removing some Democratic-leaning areas and redesignated it the twelfth district; an area encompassing Harrisburg and York was numbered as the "10th". The new tenth district is represented by Republican Scott Perry, who previously represented the old fourth district.[3]

The district was one of the 12 original districts created prior to the 4th Congress. In 2006, when it was still located in northeastern Pennsylvania, the 10th district experienced one of the greatest party shifts among all House seats that switched party control: in 2004, Republican Don Sherwood won with an 86% margin of victory over his nearest opponent and two years later, Democrat Chris Carney unseated Sherwood by a 53%–47% margin.[4] In 2008, Carney won reelection by 12 points but the district swung back in 2010, electing Republican Tom Marino. The district was mostly Republican in its political composition, an aspect of the district that was reflected especially well in presidential elections. In 2004, President George W. Bush won 60 percent of the vote in the district and in 2008, Senator John McCain beat Senator Barack Obama here by a margin of 54 percent to 45 percent. Nonetheless, Carney easily won reelection as a Democrat the same year McCain won the district. However, in the 2010 midterm elections, Marino unseated Carney by a 55%–45% margin. In 2016, local businessman and former mayor of Lewisburg, Mike Molesevich challenged Marino for the seat, but he fell to the Republican in November by more than two to one. In 2018, Marino won election to a redrawn 12th district; while he remained the congressman for the 10th district into January 2019, he moved within the new district's boundaries beforehand.

Recent statewide election results

Year Office Result
2020 President Trump 51–47%[5]
2022 Governor Shapiro 55–43%
2022 Senate Oz 49–48%

[citation needed]

Demographics

According to the APM Research Lab's Voter Profile Tools[6] (featuring the U.S. Census Bureau's 2019 American Community Survey), the district contained about 559,000 potential voters (citizens, age 18+). Of these, 80% are White, 10% Black, and 6% Latino. Immigrants make up 5% of the district's potential voters. Median income among households (with one or more potential voter) in the district is about $67,300, while 9% of households live below the poverty line. As for the educational attainment of potential voters in the district, 9% of those 25 and older have not earned a high school diploma, while 30% hold a bachelor's or higher degree.

History

District boundaries 2003–2013

2003–2013

The Pennsylvania 10th was the third-largest congressional district in the state. The district encompassed the following counties and areas:[7][8]

District boundaries 2013–2019

2013–2019

On June 8, 2012, The Pennsylvania Legislative Reapportionment Commission adopted a revised final redistricting plan.[9] On May 8, 2013, The state Supreme Court unanimously approved the Legislative Reapportionment Commission's 2012 Revised Final Plan.[10] The resulting district encompassed the following areas:[11]

List of members representing the district

District created in 1795.

1795–1813: one seat

Representative Party Years Congress Electoral history
District established March 4, 1795
David Bard
(Frankstown)
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1795 –
March 3, 1799
4th
5th
Elected in 1794.
Re-elected in 1796.
Lost re-election.

Henry Woods
(Bedford)
Federalist March 4, 1799 –
March 3, 1803
6th
7th
Elected in 1798.
Re-elected in 1800.
Redistricted to the 7th district and lost re-election.
William Hoge
(Washington)
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1803 –
October 15, 1804
8th Redistricted from the 12th district and re-elected in 1802.
Resigned.
Vacant October 15, 1804 –
November 27, 1804
John Hoge
(Washington)
Democratic-Republican November 27, 1804 –
March 3, 1805
Elected November 2, 1804 to finish his brother's term and seated November 27, 1804.
Retired.
John Hamilton
(Washington)
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1805 –
March 3, 1807
9th Elected in 1804.
Lost re-election.
William Hoge
(Washington)
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1807 –
March 3, 1809
10th Elected in 1806.
Retired.
Aaron Lyle
(West Middletown)
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1809 –
March 3, 1813
11th
12th
Elected in 1808.
Re-elected in 1810.
Redistricted to the 12th district.

1813–1823: two seats

Cong
ress
Years Seat A Seat B
Representative Party Electoral history Representative Party Electoral history
13th March 4, 1813 –
March 3, 1815
Isaac Smith
(Waynesburg)
Democratic-Republican Elected in 1812.
Lost re-election.
Jared Irwin
(Sunbury)
Democratic-Republican Elected in 1812.
Retired.
14th March 4, 1815 –
March 3, 1817
William Wilson
(Williamsport)
Democratic-Republican Elected in 1814.
Re-elected in 1816.
Retired.
15th March 4, 1817 –
?, 1817
David Scott Democratic-Republican Elected in 1816.
Resigned.
?, 1817 –
October 14, 1817
Vacant
October 14, 1817 –
March 3, 1819
John Murray
(Milton)
Democratic-Republican Elected to finish Scott's term.
Re-elected in 1818.
Retired.
16th March 4, 1819 –
March 3, 1821
George Denison
(Wilkes-Barre)
Democratic-Republican Elected in 1818.
Re-elected in 1820.
Retired.
17th March 4, 1821 –
?, 1821
William Cox Ellis
(Muncy)
Democratic-Republican Elected in 1820.
Resigned and lost re-election.
?, 1821 –
October 9, 1821
Vacant
October 9, 1821 –
March 3, 1823
Thomas Murray Jr.
(Milton)
Democratic-Republican Elected to finish Ellis's term.
Retired.

1823–present: one seat

Representative Party Cong
ress
Years Electoral history
James S. Mitchell
(Rossville)
Democratic-Republican 18th
19th
March 4, 1823 –
March 3, 1825
Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1822.
Re-elected in 1824.
Retired.
Jacksonian March 4, 1825 –
March 3, 1827
Adam King
(York)
Jacksonian 20th
21st
22nd
March 4, 1827 –
March 3, 1833
Elected in 1826.
Re-elected in 1828.
Re-elected in 1830.
Lost re-election.

William Clark
(Dauphin)
Anti-Masonic 23rd
24th
March 4, 1833 –
March 3, 1837
Elected in 1832.
Re-elected in 1834.
Retired.
Luther Reily
(Harrisburg)
Democratic 25th March 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1839
Elected in 1836.
Retired.
William Simonton
(Hummelstown)
Whig 26th
27th
March 4, 1839 –
March 3, 1843
Elected in 1838.
Re-elected in 1840.
[data missing]

Richard Brodhead
(Easton)
Democratic 28th
29th
30th
March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1849
Elected in 1843.
Re-elected in 1844.
Re-elected in 1846.
Retired.
Milo M. Dimmick
(Stroudsburg)
Democratic 31st
32nd
March 4, 1849 –
March 3, 1853
Elected in 1848.
Re-elected in 1850.
Retired.

Ner Middleswarth
(Beavertown)
Whig 33rd March 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855
Elected in 1852.
Retired.

John C. Kunkel
(Harrisburg)
Opposition 34th
35th
March 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1857
Elected in 1854.
Re-elected in 1856.
Retired.
Republican March 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1859
John W. Killinger
(Lebanon)
Republican 36th
37th
March 4, 1859 –
March 3, 1863
Elected in 1858.
Re-elected in 1860.
Retired.

Myer Strouse
(Pottsville)
Democratic 38th
39th
March 4, 1863 –
March 3, 1867
Elected in 1862.
Re-elected in 1864.
Retired.

Henry L. Cake
(Tamaqua)
Republican 40th
41st
March 4, 1867 –
March 3, 1871
Elected in 1866.
Re-elected in 1868.
Lost renomination.
John W. Killinger
(Lebanon)
Republican 42nd
43rd
March 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1875
Elected in 1870.
Re-elected in 1872.
Retired.

William Mutchler
(Easton)
Democratic 44th March 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1877
Elected in 1874.
Retired.

Samuel A. Bridges
(Allentown)
Democratic 45th March 4, 1877 –
March 3, 1879
Elected in 1876.
Retired.

Reuben K. Bachman
(Durham)
Democratic 46th March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1881
Elected in 1878.
Retired.

William Mutchler
(Easton)
Democratic 47th
48th
March 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1885
Elected in 1880.
Re-elected in 1882.
Retired.

William H. Sowden
(Allentown)
Democratic 49th
50th
March 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1889
Elected in 1884.
Re-elected in 1886.
Retired.

Marriott Brosius
(Lancaster)
Republican 51st
52nd
53rd
54th
55th
56th
57th
March 4, 1889 –
March 16, 1901
Elected in 1888.
Re-elected in 1890.
Re-elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
Re-elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Died.
57th March 16, 1901 –
November 5, 1901
Vacant

Henry B. Cassel
(Marietta)
Republican November 5, 1901 –
March 3, 1903
Elected to finish Brosius's term.
Redistricted to the 9th district.

George Howell
(Scranton)
Democratic 58th March 4, 1903 –
February 10, 1904
Lost contested election.

William Connell
(Scranton)
Republican February 10, 1904 –
March 3, 1905
Won contested election.
[data missing]

Thomas H. Dale
(Scranton)
Republican 59th March 4, 1905 –
March 3, 1907
Elected in 1904.
Lost re-election.

Thomas D. Nicholls
(Scranton)
Independent
Democratic
60th
61st
March 4, 1907 –
March 3, 1911
Elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Retired.

John R. Farr
(Scranton)
Republican 62nd
63rd
64th
65th
March 4, 1911 –
March 3, 1919
Elected in 1910.
Re-elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Lost re-election.

Patrick McLane
(Scranton)
Democratic 66th March 4, 1919 –
February 25, 1921
Lost contested election.

John R. Farr
(Scranton)
Republican February 25, 1921 –
March 3, 1921
Won contested election.
Lost renomination.

Charles R. Connell
(Scranton)
Republican 67th March 4, 1921 –
September 26, 1922
Elected in 1920.
Died.
September 26, 1922 –
March 3, 1923
Vacant

William W. Griest
(Lancaster)
Republican 68th
69th
70th
71st
March 4, 1923 –
December 5, 1929
Redistricted from the 9th district and re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Died.
71st December 5, 1929 –
January 28, 1930
Vacant

J. Roland Kinzer
(Lancaster)
Republican 71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
January 28, 1930 –
January 3, 1945
Elected to finish Griest's term.
Re-elected in 1930.
Re-elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Redistricted to the 9th district.

John W. Murphy
(Dunmore)
Democratic 79th January 3, 1945 –
July 17, 1946
Redistricted from the 11th district and re-elected in 1944.
Resigned to become U.S. District Judge.
James P. Scoblick
(Archbald)
Republican 80th November 5, 1946 –
January 3, 1949
Elected to complete Murphy's term.
Elected in 1946.
Lost renomination.

Harry P. O'Neill
(Dunmore)
Democratic 81st
82nd
January 3, 1949 –
January 3, 1953
Elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Lost renomination.

Joseph L. Carrigg
(Susquehanna)
Republican 83rd
84th
85th
January 3, 1953 –
January 3, 1959
Redistricted from the 14th district and re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Lost renomination.

Stanley A. Prokop
(Lake Ariel)
Democratic 86th January 3, 1959 –
January 3, 1961
Elected in 1958.
Lost renomination.

William Scranton
(Dalton)
Republican 87th January 3, 1961 –
January 3, 1963
Elected in 1960.
Elected Governor of Pennsylvania.

Joseph M. McDade
(Clarks Summit)
Republican 88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
January 3, 1963 –
January 3, 1999
Elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Retired.

Don Sherwood
(Tunkhannock)
Republican 106th
107th
108th
109th
January 3, 1999 –
January 3, 2007
Elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Lost re-election.

Chris Carney
(Dimock Township)
Democratic 110th
111th
January 3, 2007 –
January 3, 2011
Elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Lost re-election.

Tom Marino
(Williamsport)
Republican 112th
113th
114th
115th
January 3, 2011 –
January 3, 2019
Elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Redistricted to the 12th district.

Scott Perry
(Dillsburg)
Republican 116th
117th
118th
January 3, 2019 –
present
Redistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Re-elected in 2022.

Recent elections

2006 election

2006 United States House of Representatives elections: Pennsylvania District 10[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Christopher Carney 110,115 52.90
Republican Don Sherwood 97,862 47.01

2008 election

2008 United States House of Representatives elections: Pennsylvania District 10[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Christopher Carney (incumbent) 160,837 56.33
Republican Chris Hackett 124,681 43.67

2010 election

2010 United States House of Representatives elections: Pennsylvania District 10[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Tom Marino 109,603 55
Democratic Christopher Carney (incumbent) 89,170 45

2012 election

2012 10th Congressional District of Pennsylvania elections
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Tom Marino (Incumbent) 179,563 65.6
Democratic Phil Scollo 94,227 34.4

2014 election

2014 10th Congressional District of Pennsylvania elections
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Tom Marino (Incumbent) 112,851 62.6
Democratic Scott Brion 44,737 24.8
Independent Nick Troiano 22,734 12.6

2016 election

Rep. Tom Marino declared his intent to run for his 4th term and was uncontested in the Republican primary. Originally, no Democratic candidates filed to run for office, upon this revelation, Mike Molesevich, an environmental contractor and former Lewisburg mayor, announced he would seek a write-in campaign to get on the general election ballot.[15][16] Write-in candidates need over 1,000 votes in the primary election to appear on the ballot in the 2016 general election.[17] Mike Molesevich succeeded in his effort, receiving 2425 votes, earning a spot on the general election ballot.[18] Jerry Kairnes of Lycoming County announced that he would seek to be on the November ballot as an Independent, but dropped out after Molesevich earned a spot on the ballot[19]

2016 10th Congressional District of Pennsylvania elections[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Tom Marino (Incumbent) 211,282 70.2
Democratic Michael Molesevich 89,823 29.8

2018 election

2018 10th congressional district of Pennsylvania election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Scott Perry (redistricted incumbent) 149,365 51.3
Democratic George Scott 141,668 48.7
Total votes 291,033 100.0
Republican hold

2020 election

2020 10th congressional district of Pennsylvania election[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Scott Perry (Incumbent) 208,896 53.3 +2.0
Democratic Eugene DePasquale 182,938 46.7 −2.0
Total votes 391,834 100.0
Republican hold Swing +2.0

2022 election

2022 10th congressional district of Pennsylvania election[22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Scott Perry (incumbent) 169,331 53.8
Democratic Shamaine Daniels 145,215 46.2
Total votes 314,546 100.0
Republican hold

2024 election

Among the Democrats who have announced their intentions to challenge Perry are Pennsylvania businessman John Broadhurst, WITF senior vice president and director of community policing for the Harrisburg Bureau of Police Blake Lynch, former WGAL-TV anchor Janelle Stelson, retired Marine Mike O'Brien, retired soldier Rick Coplen, and Harrisburg city councilor Shamaine Daniels.[23]

Historical district boundaries

See also

References

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

Notes

  1. ^ "My Congressional District: Congressional District 10 (118th Congress), Pennsylvania". United States Census Bureau.
  2. ^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  3. ^ Cohn, Nate; Bloch, Matthew; Quealy, Kevin (February 19, 2018). "The New Pennsylvania House Districts Are In. We Review the Mapmakers' Choices". The Upshot. The New York Times. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
  4. ^ "2006 Election Results: U.S. House". The New York Times. November 8, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
  5. ^ "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012". Daily Kos. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  6. ^ "Representing US: 2020 Voter Profiles". APM Research Lab. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  7. ^ "109th Congressional District Wall Maps". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  8. ^ "Pennsylvania 109th Congressional Districts and Counties". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  9. ^ "PA Redistricting Press Release" (PDF).
  10. ^ "Welcome to Pennsylvania Redistricting – Legislative Redistricting". www.redistricting.state.pa.us. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  11. ^ "PA Final Redistricting Map PDF" (PDF).
  12. ^ "State Races: Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania 2006 Midterm Election. The Green Papers. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  13. ^ "State Races: Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania 2008 General Election. The Green Papers. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  14. ^ "State Races: Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania 2010 Mid-Term Election. MSNBC. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  15. ^ "Home". Mike for Congress. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  16. ^ "Molesevich mounts campaign". standard-journal.com. April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  17. ^ "Mike Molesevich of Lewisburg is running for US congress |". wkok.com. April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  18. ^ KRAWCZENIUK, BORYS (June 14, 2016). "Marino to have Dem opponent". Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  19. ^ "North Central PA". Retrieved April 11, 2016.
  20. ^ "2016 Presidential Election Official Returns: Representative in Congress". Pennsylvania Department of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  21. ^ "Pennsylvania House Results". CNN. March 6, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  22. ^ "Pennsylvania 10th Congressional District Election Results". The New York Times. December 23, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  23. ^ Stockburger, George (March 4, 2024). "Who's running in Pennsylvania's 10th Congressional District?". abc27. Retrieved March 4, 2024.

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French anarchist writer (1865–1903) Bernard Lazare Bernard Lazare (French pronunciation: [bɛʁnaʁ lazaʁ]; 14 June 1865, Nîmes – 1 September 1903, Paris) was a French literary critic, political journalist, polemicist, and anarchist. He is known as the first Dreyfusard. Life He was born Lazare Marcus Manassé Bernard (he later switched his first name and last name) in Nîmes on 15 June 1865. His bourgeois family was Jewish, although not very religious.[1] Lazare's initial c…

American explorer Theodore SolomonsBorn(1870-07-20)July 20, 1870San Francisco, California, U.S.DiedMay 27, 1947(1947-05-27) (aged 76)Los Angeles, CaliforniaOccupation(s)Explorer, naturalist & writerSpouses Rozella M. Gould Katherine Gray Church Yvonne Robinson ChildrenEleanor Susan B. Anthony Toni SolomonsDavid Seixas SolomonsLeon Henry SolomonsParent(s)Gershom Mendes Seixas SolomonsHannah Marks Theodore Seixas Solomons (1870–1947) was an American explorer and early member of the Sier…

Ecumenical council in Ephesus in 431, convened by Emperor Theodosius II This article is about the ecumenical council held in 431. For the two later councils in the same city, see Council of Ephesus (disambiguation). Council of EphesusImage in the church Notre-Dame de Fourvières, France. The priest standing right in the middle is Cyril of Alexandria. On the throne is the Virgin Mary and child Jesus.Date22 June – 31 July 431Accepted by Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Ortho…

Ini adalah nama Korea; marganya adalah Jung. Jung Kyung-hoJung Kyung-ho pada tahun 2019Lahir31 Agustus 1983 (umur 40)Korea SelatanNama lainJung Kyoung-ho Choung Kyung-hoAlmamaterUniversitas Chung-Ang - TeaterPekerjaanAktorTahun aktif2004–sekarangAgenManagement Donghaeng[1]Nama KoreaHangul정경호 Hanja鄭敬淏 Alih AksaraJeong GyeonghoMcCune–ReischauerChŏng Gyŏngho Jung Kyung-ho (lahir 31 Agustus 1983) adalah aktor asal Korea Selatan. Ia dikenal karena perannya seb…

2013 film GabrielleFilm posterDirected byLouise ArchambaultWritten byLouise ArchambaultProduced byKim McCrawLuc DéryStarringGabrielle Marion-RivardMélissa Désormeaux-PoulinAlexandre LandryRobert CharleboisCinematographyMathieu LaverdièreEdited byRichard ComeauRelease dates 12 August 2013 (2013-08-12) (Locarno) 9 September 2013 (2013-09-09) (TIFF) Running time104 minutesCountryCanadaLanguageFrench Gabrielle is a 2013 Canadian drama film directed by Louise…

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2017) أولمبيك مراكش شعار النادي الاسم الكامل نادي أولمبيك مراكش (نادي عند علي سابقا) تأسس عام 2001 الملعب ملعب الحار…

Association football governing body of Indonesia Football Association of IndonesiaAFCFull namePersatuan Sepak Bola Seluruh IndonesiaShort namePSSIFounded19 April 1930; 94 years ago (1930-04-19)HeadquartersGBK Arena, JakartaFIFA affiliation1952; 72 years ago (1952)AFC affiliation1954; 70 years ago (1954)AFF affiliation1984; 40 years ago (1984)ChairmanErick ThohirVice-PresidentZainudin AmaliRatu Tisha DestriaGeneral SecretaryY…

N. Venkatachala Hakim Mahkamah Agung IndiaMasa jabatan01-07-1992–02-07-1995 Informasi pribadiKebangsaanIndiaProfesiHakimSunting kotak info • L • B N. Venkatachala adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung India. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim di mahkamah tersebut pada 01-07-1992. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada 02-07-1995.[1] Referensi ^ Daftar Hakim di Mahkamah Agung India. Mahkamah Agung India. Diakses tanggal 10 Juni 2021.  Artikel bertopik biografi India ini adalah …