9th United States Congress

9th United States Congress
8th ← → 10th
United States Capitol (1800)
March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1807
Members	34 senators 142 representatives 3 non-voting delegates
Senate majority	Democratic-Republican
Senate President	George Clinton (DR)
House majority	Democratic-Republican
House Speaker	Nathaniel Macon (DR)
Sessions
Special[a]: March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1805 1st: December 2, 1805 – April 21, 1806 2nd: December 1, 1806 – March 4, 1807

The 9th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1805, to March 4, 1807, during the fifth and sixth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition scouted the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest.

Major events

Main articles: 1805 in the United States, 1806 in the United States, and 1807 in the United States

• March 4, 1805: President Thomas Jefferson begins his second term.
• June 1, 1805: First Barbary War ends.
• November 7, 1805: Lewis and Clark Expedition arrives at the Pacific Ocean.
• September 23, 1806: Lewis and Clark Expedition returns to St. Louis, Missouri, thereby ending the exploration of the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest.
• February 19, 1807: Former Vice President Aaron Burr is tried for conspiracy and acquitted.

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 9th United States Congress

• March 29, 1806: Cumberland Road, ch. 19, 2 Stat. 357
• February 24, 1807: Seventh Circuit Act of 1807, ch. 16, (2 Stat. 420)
• March 2, 1807: Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, ch. 22, 2 Stat. 426
• March 3, 1807: Insurrection Act, ch. 39, 2 Stat. 443

Territories organized

• June 30, 1805: Michigan Territory was formed from a portion of the Indiana Territory

Senate President George Clinton

Senate President pro tempore
Samuel Smith (DR)

House Speaker
Nathaniel Macon (DR)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of previous congress	25	9	34	0
Begin	26	7	33	1
End
Final voting share	78.8%	21.2%
Beginning of next congress	28	6	34	0

House of Representatives

	Party (shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of previous congress	102	39	141	1
Begin	113	26	139	3
End	112	28	140	2
Final voting share	80.0%	20.0%
Beginning of next congress	115	25	140	2

Leadership

Senate

• President: George Clinton (DR)
• President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR)

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Nathaniel Macon (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Connecticut ▌1. James Hillhouse (F) ▌3. Uriah Tracy (F) Delaware ▌1. Samuel White (F) ▌2. James A. Bayard (F) Georgia ▌2. Abraham Baldwin (DR) ▌3. James Jackson (DR), until March 19, 1806 ▌John Milledge (DR), from June 19, 1806 Kentucky ▌2. Buckner Thruston (DR) ▌3. John Breckinridge (DR), until August 7, 1805 ▌John Adair (DR), November 8, 1805 – November 18, 1806 ▌Henry Clay (DR), from November 19, 1806 Maryland ▌1. Samuel Smith (DR) ▌3. Robert Wright (DR), until November 12, 1806 ▌Philip Reed (DR), from November 25, 1806 Massachusetts ▌1. John Quincy Adams (F) ▌2. Timothy Pickering (F) New Hampshire ▌2. Nicholas Gilman (DR) ▌3. William Plumer (F) New Jersey ▌1. John Condit (DR) ▌2. Aaron Kitchell (DR)

New York ▌1. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR) ▌3. John Smith (DR) North Carolina ▌2. James Turner (DR), from December 22, 1805 ▌3. David Stone (DR), until February 17, 1807 Ohio ▌1. John Smith (DR) ▌3. Thomas Worthington (DR) Pennsylvania ▌1. Samuel Maclay (DR) ▌3. George Logan (DR) Rhode Island ▌1. Benjamin Howland (DR) ▌2. James Fenner (DR) South Carolina ▌2. Thomas Sumter (DR) ▌3. John Gaillard (DR) Tennessee ▌1. Joseph Anderson (DR) ▌2. Daniel Smith (DR) Vermont ▌1. Israel Smith (DR) ▌3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR) Virginia ▌1. Andrew Moore (DR) ▌2. William B. Giles (DR)

Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 9th Congress in March 1805.   2 Democratic-Republicans   1 Democratic-Republican and 1 Federalist   2 Federalists

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are listed by their district numbers

Connecticut All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. ▌At-large. Samuel W. Dana (F) ▌At-large. John Davenport (F) ▌At-large. Jonathan O. Moseley (F) ▌At-large. Timothy Pitkin (F), seated September 16, 1805 ▌At-large. John Cotton Smith (F), until August 1806 ▌Theodore Dwight (F), seated December 1, 1806 ▌At-large. Lewis B. Sturges (F), seated September 16, 1805 ▌At-large. Benjamin Tallmadge (F) Delaware ▌At-large. James M. Broom (F) Georgia All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. ▌At-large. Joseph Bryan (DR), until 1806 ▌Dennis Smelt (DR), from September 1, 1806 ▌At-large. Peter Early (DR) ▌At-large. David Meriwether (DR) ▌At-large. Cowles Mead (DR), until December 24, 1805 ▌Thomas Spalding (DR), December 24, 1805 – 1806 ▌William W. Bibb (DR), from January 26, 1807 Kentucky ▌1. Matthew Lyon (DR) ▌2. John Boyle (DR) ▌3. Matthew Walton (DR) ▌4. Thomas Sandford (DR) ▌5. John Fowler (DR) ▌6. George M. Bedinger (DR) Maryland The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives. ▌1. John Campbell (F) ▌2. Leonard Covington (DR) ▌3. Patrick Magruder (DR) ▌4. Roger Nelson (DR) ▌5. William McCreery (DR) ▌5. Nicholas R. Moore (DR) ▌6. John Archer (DR) ▌7. Joseph H. Nicholson (DR), until March 1, 1806 ▌Edward Lloyd (DR), from December 3, 1806 ▌8. Charles Goldsborough (F) Massachusetts ▌1. Josiah Quincy (F) ▌2. Jacob Crowninshield (DR) ▌3. Jeremiah Nelson (F) ▌4. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) ▌5. William Ely (F) ▌6. Samuel Taggart (F) ▌7. Joseph Barker (DR) ▌8. Isaiah L. Green (DR) ▌9. Phanuel Bishop (DR) ▌10. Seth Hastings (F) ▌11. William Stedman (F) ▌12. Barnabas Bidwell (DR) ▌13. Ebenezer Seaver (DR) ▌14. Richard Cutts (DR) ▌15. Peleg Wadsworth (F) ▌16. Orchard Cook (DR) ▌17. John Chandler (DR) New Hampshire All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. ▌At-large. Silas Betton (F) ▌At-large. Caleb Ellis (F) ▌At-large. David Hough (F) ▌At-large. Samuel Tenney (F) ▌At-large. Thomas W. Thompson (F) New Jersey All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. ▌At-large. Ezra Darby (DR) ▌At-large. Ebenezer Elmer (DR) ▌At-large. William Helms (DR) ▌At-large. John Lambert (DR) ▌At-large. James Sloan (DR) ▌At-large. Henry Southard (DR) New York ▌1. Eliphalet Wickes (DR) 2. and 3. Joint district with two seats. ▌Gurdon S. Mumford (DR) ▌George Clinton Jr. (DR) ▌4. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR) ▌5. John Blake Jr. (DR) ▌6. Daniel C. Verplanck (DR) ▌7. Martin G. Schuneman (DR) ▌8. Henry W. Livingston (F) ▌9. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F) ▌10. Josiah Masters (DR) ▌11. Peter Sailly (DR) ▌12. David Thomas (DR) ▌13. Thomas Sammons (DR) ▌14. John Russell (DR) ▌15. Nathan Williams (DR) ▌16. Uri Tracy (DR) ▌17. Silas Halsey (DR)

North Carolina ▌1. Thomas Wynns (DR) ▌2. Willis Alston (DR) ▌3. Thomas Blount (DR) ▌4. William Blackledge (DR) ▌5. Thomas Kenan (DR) ▌6. Nathaniel Macon (DR) ▌7. Duncan McFarlan (DR) ▌8. Richard Stanford (DR) ▌9. Marmaduke Williams (DR) ▌10. Nathaniel Alexander (DR), until November 1805 ▌Evan S. Alexander (DR), from February 24, 1806 ▌11. James Holland (DR) ▌12. Joseph Winston (DR) Ohio ▌At-large. Jeremiah Morrow (DR) Pennsylvania There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives. ▌1. Joseph Clay (DR) ▌1. Michael Leib (DR), until February 14, 1806 ▌John Porter (DR), from December 8, 1806 ▌1. Jacob Richards (DR) ▌2. Robert Brown (DR) ▌2. Frederick Conrad (DR) ▌2. John Pugh (DR) ▌3. Isaac Anderson (DR) ▌3. Christian Lower (DR), until December 19, 1806, vacant thereafter ▌3. John Whitehill (DR) ▌4. David Bard (DR) ▌4. John A. Hanna (DR), until July 23, 1805 ▌Robert Whitehill (DR), from November 7, 1805 ▌5. Andrew Gregg (DR) ▌6. James Kelly (F) ▌7. John Rea (DR) ▌8. William Findley (DR) ▌9. John Smilie (DR) ▌10. John Hamilton (DR) ▌11. Samuel Smith (DR), seated November 7, 1805 Rhode Island Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. ▌At-large. Nehemiah Knight (DR) ▌At-large. Joseph Stanton Jr. (DR) South Carolina ▌1. Robert Marion (DR) ▌2. William Butler Sr. (DR) ▌3. David R. Williams (DR) ▌4. O'Brien Smith (DR) ▌5. Richard Winn (DR) ▌6. Levi Casey (DR), until February 3, 1807, vacant thereafter ▌7. Thomas Moore (DR) ▌8. Elias Earle (DR) Tennessee ▌1. John Rhea (DR) ▌2. George W. Campbell (DR) ▌3. William Dickson (DR) Vermont ▌1. Gideon Olin (DR) ▌2. James Elliott (F) ▌3. James Fisk (DR) ▌4. Martin Chittenden (F) Virginia ▌1. John G. Jackson (DR) ▌2. John Morrow (DR) ▌3. John Smith (DR) ▌4. David Holmes (DR) ▌5. Alexander Wilson (DR) ▌6. Abram Trigg (DR) ▌7. Joseph Lewis Jr. (F) ▌8. Walter Jones (DR) ▌9. Philip R. Thompson (DR) ▌10. John Dawson (DR) ▌11. James M. Garnett (DR) ▌12. Burwell Bassett (DR) ▌13. Christopher Clark (DR), until July 1, 1806 ▌William A. Burwell (DR), from December 1, 1806 ▌14. Matthew Clay (DR) ▌15. John Randolph (DR) ▌16. John W. Eppes (DR) ▌17. John Claiborne (DR) ▌18. Peterson Goodwyn (DR) ▌19. Edwin Gray (DR) ▌20. Thomas Newton Jr. (DR) ▌21. Thomas M. Randolph (DR) ▌22. John Clopton (DR) Non-voting members Indiana Territory. Benjamin Parke, seated December 12, 1805 Mississippi Territory. William Lattimore Orleans Territory. Daniel Clark, seated December 1, 1806

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

Senate changes

State (class)	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[b]
North Carolina (2)	Vacant	Montfort Stokes (DR) was elected in 1804 but declined the position. Successor elected December 22, 1805.	James Turner (DR)	Seated December 22, 1805
Kentucky (3)	John Breckinridge (DR)	Resigned August 7, 1805, after being appointed United States Attorney General. Successor elected November 8, 1805, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807.	John Adair (DR)	Seated November 8, 1805
Georgia (3)	James Jackson (DR)	Died March 19, 1806. Winner elected June 19, 1806, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807.	John Milledge (DR)	Seated June 19, 1806
Maryland (3)	Robert Wright (DR)	Resigned November 12, 1806, after being elected Governor of Maryland. Successor elected November 25, 1806, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807 (as well as to the next term).	Philip Reed (DR)	Seated November 25, 1806
Kentucky (3)	John Adair (DR)	Resigned November 18, 1806, after losing the election to the next term. Successor elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional age minimum.	Henry Clay (DR)	Seated November 19, 1806
North Carolina (3)	David Stone (DR)	Resigned February 17, 1807. Vacant for remainder of Congress.	Vacant

House of Representatives

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

House changes

District	Vacated by	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[b]
Connecticut at-large	Vacant	Calvin Goddard (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress	Timothy Pitkin (F)	Seated September 16, 1805
Connecticut at-large	Vacant	Roger Griswold (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress	Lewis B. Sturges (F)	Seated September 16, 1805
Pennsylvania 11th	Vacant	John B. C. Lucas (DR) resigned before the beginning of this Congress	Samuel Smith (DR)	Seated November 7, 1805
Pennsylvania 4th	John A. Hanna (DR)	Died July 23, 1805	Robert Whitehill (DR)	Seated November 7, 1805
North Carolina 10th	Nathaniel Alexander (DR)	Resigned November, 1805 after being elected Governor of North Carolina	Evan S. Alexander (DR)	Seated February 24, 1806
Indiana Territory	Vacant	Territory elected delegate to Congress for first time	Benjamin Parke	Elected December 12, 1805
Georgia at-large	Cowles Mead (DR)	Lost contested election December 24, 1805	Thomas Spalding (DR)	Seated December 24, 1805
Georgia at-large	Joseph Bryan (DR)	Resigned sometime in 1806	Dennis Smelt (DR)	September 1, 1806
Georgia at-large	Thomas Spalding (DR)	Resigned sometime in 1806	William W. Bibb (DR)	Seated January 26, 1807
Pennsylvania 1st	Michael Leib (DR)	Resigned February 14, 1806	John Porter (DR)	Seated December 8, 1806
Maryland 7th	Joseph H. Nicholson (DR)	Resigned March 1, 1806	Edward Lloyd (DR)	Seated December 3, 1806
Virginia 13th	Christopher H. Clark (DR)	Resigned July 1, 1806	William A. Burwell (DR)	December 1, 1806
Connecticut at-large	John Cotton Smith (F)	Resigned sometime in August, 1806	Theodore Dwight (F)	December 1, 1806
Territory of Orleans	Vacant	Territory elected delegate to Congress for first time	Daniel Clark	Elected December 1, 1806
Pennsylvania 3rd	Christian Lower (DR)	Resigned December 19, 1806	Vacant	Not filled for remainder of term
South Carolina 6th	Levi Casey (DR)	Died February 3, 1807	Vacant	Not filled for remainder of term

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Army Regulations (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Frederick Conrad)
• Claims (Chairman: John Cotton Smith then David Holmes)
• Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Jacob Crowninshield)
• Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then John Boyle then Andrew Gregg)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Samuel Tenney)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Ways and Means (Chairman: John Randolph then Joseph Clay)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: N/A then Sen. James Turner)
• The Library (Chairman: N/A)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
• Librarian of Congress: John J. Beckley

Senate

• Chaplain: Alexander T. McCormick, Episcopalian, elected November 7, 1804
  • Edward Gantt, Episcopalian, elected December 4, 1805
  • John J. Sayrs, Episcopalian, elected December 3, 1806
• Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
• Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: James Laurie, Presbyterian, elected December 2, 1805
  • Robert Elliot, Presbyterian, elected December 1, 1806
• Clerk: John Beckley
• Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
• Reading Clerks: [data missing]
• Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton

See also

• 1804 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 1804 United States presidential election
  • 1804–05 United States Senate elections
  • 1804–05 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1806 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1806–07 United States Senate elections
  • 1806–07 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

1. Special session of the Senate.
2. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists