Myint Swe

His Excellency
Thiri Thudhamma^[1]
Lieutenant General
Myint Swe
His Excellency; Thiri Thudhamma; Lieutenant General Myint Swe
မြင့်ဆွေ
Acting President of Myanmar
	In office; 1 February 2021 – 22 July 2024
Vice President	Henry Van Thio; (until 2024)
Prime Minister	Min Aung Hlaing
Preceded by	Win Myint
Succeeded by	Min Aung Hlaing (acting)
	In office; 21 March 2018 – 30 March 2018
Vice President	Henry Van Thio
State Counsellor	Aung San Suu Kyi
Preceded by	Htin Kyaw
Succeeded by	Win Myint
3rd First Vice President of Myanmar
	Incumbent
	Assumed office ; 30 March 2016 Serving with Henry Van Thio; (2016-2024)
President	Htin Kyaw; Himself (acting); Win Myint ; Himself (acting); Min Aung Hlaing (acting)
Preceded by	Sai Mauk Kham
1st Chief Minister of Yangon Region
	In office; 30 March 2011 – 30 March 2016
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Phyo Min Thein
Personal details
Born	24 May 1951 (age 73); Mandalay, Union of Burma (now Myanmar)
Citizenship	Burmese
Political party	Union Solidarity and Development (USDP)
Spouse	Khin Thet Htay
Children	2
Education	Defence Services Academy
Military service
Allegiance	Myanmar
Branch/service	Myanmar Army
Years of service	1971–2010
Rank	Lieutenant General

Myint Swe (Burmese: မြင့်ဆွေ; pronounced [mjɪ̰ɰ̃ sʰwè]; born 24 May 1951^[2]) is a Burmese politician and retired army general who is currently Vice President of Myanmar since 30 March 2016 and previously served as Acting President of Myanmar from 1 February 2021 to 22 July 2024 making him the longest serving Acting President in Myanmar history.^[3]^[4] He also served as the acting president after the resignation of President Htin Kyaw from 21 March 2018 to 30 March 2018, and the chief minister of Yangon Region from 30 March 2011 to 30 March 2016. A member of the military proxy Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), he is an ethnic Mon former lieutenant general in the Myanmar Army.^[5]^[6]

Myint Swe was declared acting president by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar's military) in the coup d'état on 1 February 2021, after which he immediately declared a state of emergency and formally transferred power to the coup leader Senior General Min Aung Hlaing.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] Throughout his political career, Myint Swe has worked to ensure the Tatmadaw's influence in politics. He has rarely been seen in public since the coup, with Min Aung Hlaing serving as the face of the government.^[11] Myint Swe's main role in the military government has been to formally grant and renew Min Aung Hlaing's emergency powers.

Military career

He graduated from the Defence Services Academy (DSA) in 1971 as part of the 15th intake.^[12] He became a brigadier general and commander of Light Infantry Division 11 in 1997. He was appointed as Commander of Southeastern Command and member of State Peace and Development Council in 2001. He was transferred as Commander of Yangon Command and promoted to major general. He also acted as Chairman of Yangon Division Peace and Development Council.

He became the Chief of Military Security Affairs after General Khin Nyunt was purged in 2004.^[13] He became Chief of Bureau of Special Operations – 5 (BSO-5) in January 2006. He is the first ethnic Mon to be promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General in 2005.^[2] He was promoted to Quartermaster General and was rumored to be the next in line to replace Vice-Senior General Maung Aye in 2009.^[12]^[14]

He executed 3 major events while he was commanding the Yangon Command, arresting family members of General Ne Win in 2002 after an alleged coup conspiracy was uncovered, arresting Khin Nyunt and his associates in 2004 in the purge of the Military Intelligence faction and crushing the Saffron Revolution in 2007. His actions after Cyclone Nargis was criticized. He dealt with activists harshly in the pre-2010 general election period.^[14]

Political career

Chief Minister of Yangon Region

He was nominated as chief-minister of the Yangon Region after the general election by President Thein Sein. He was tipped to be nominated to become Vice President of Burma after Tin Aung Myint Oo's resignation in 2012, but did not qualify per the Constitution of Burma, as his son-in-law was an Australian citizen at the time.^[15]

Vice Presidency

On 11 March 2016, military-appointed MPs of the Assembly of the Union nominated him as one of the Vice Presidents of Myanmar. He received 213 votes on 15 March 2016 and became First Vice President of Htin Kyaw's Cabinet.^[16] He was sworn in on 30 March 2016.

Acting President

On 21 March 2018, following the sudden resignation of Htin Kyaw as President of Myanmar, Myint Swe was sworn in as acting president under the Constitution of Myanmar, which also called for the Assembly to select a new president within seven days of Htin Kyaw's resignation.

On 1 February 2021, President Win Myint was removed from office in a coup and detained by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar's military), so Myint Swe would become Acting President, allowing him to call a meeting of the military-controlled National Defence and Security Council (NDSC) and declare a state of emergency and formally transfer power to coup leader, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing. The military maintains that Myint Swe constitutionally assumed the presidency because the constitution states the first vice president becomes acting president if the presidency becomes vacant due to "resignation, death, permanent disability or any other cause". However, according to the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, this interpretation is questionable as the military had no legal authority to detain Win Myint and the constitution provides for an impeachment and removal process which was not followed.^[17]

Myint Swe has extended the state of emergency five times^[18]^[19] by six month periods at meetings of the NSDC, but has not otherwise participated in government. The third extension was especially controversial because the constitution says up to two extensions are "normally" allowed. Myint Swe acknowledged this but justified the extension due to what he said are "unusual circumstances".^[11]^[20]^[21] The junta-packed^[17] Constitutional Tribunal affirmed his interpretation.^[22]^[23]

In a November 2023 meeting of the NSDC, Myint Swe warned that the country was at risk of being "split into various parts" amid the civil war.^[24]

On 18 July 2024, state media in Myanmar reported that Myint Swe was suffering from neurological disorders and peripheral neuropathy disease, adding that he had been receiving medical treatment since early in 2024 and was unable to eat or carry out other basic functions.^[25] On 22 July 2024, he took medical leave and transferred his duties as president to Min Aung Hlaing on an acting basis.^[26]

Personal life

Myint Swe is of Mon descent.^[15] He is married to Khin Thet Htay, and has two children.^[27]

References

^ Myanmar Regime Leader Awards Himself Two Highest Honorary Titles
^ ^a ^b "Lt Gen Myint Swe". Alternative Asean Network on Burma. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
^ "Who is Myint Swe — The acting President of Myanmar". Deccan Herald. 2 February 2021.
^ "Armed rebellion risks break-up of Myanmar: junta-backed president". France 24. 11 September 2021.
^ "ဒုသမ္မတအဖြစ် ရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ခံရသူ ကိုယ်ရေးအချက်အလက် အကျဉ်း". Myanmar Ahlin. 12 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
^ "CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK". Her Majesty's Treasury. UK Government. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
^ "Myanmar coup: who are the military figures running the country?". The Guardian. 2 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
^ Milko, Victoria (1 February 2021). "Why is the military taking control in the Myanmar coup?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ "Myanmar Military Seizes Power". The Irrawaddy. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ Milko, Victoria; Kurtenbach, Elaine (1 February 2021). "A decade after junta's end, Myanmar military back in control". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Junta Watch: Old Faces Reappear, Coup Leader Declares Himself Buddhism's Savior and More". The Irrawaddy. 5 February 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b Lwin, Min (27 June 2008). "Lt-Gen Myint Swe: Future No 2?". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
^ "Myint Soe". www.altsean.org. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Myint Swe Nominated as New Vice-President". The Irrawaddy. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
^ ^a ^b Sean Gleeson (11 March 2016). "Myint Swe revealed as military VP pick". Frontier Myanmar. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^ "Myanmar military picks hardliner Myint Swe to work with Suu Kyi's proxy president". South China Morning Post. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
^ ^a ^b Noel, Thibaut (March 2022). "Unconstitutionality of the 2021 Coup in Myanmar" (PDF). International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
^ Strangio, Sebastian (1 August 2023). "Myanmar Junta Extends State of Emergency for Fourth Time". The Diplomat. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
^ "Myanmar military further extends state of emergency". Al Jazeera. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
^ "Myanmar military rulers extend state of emergency by six months". Al Jazeera. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
^ "Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar" (PDF). Ministry of Information. September 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
^ "Extension of State of Emergency conforms with Constitution: CT response" (PDF). Global New Light of Myanmar. 1 February 2023. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
^ "Myanmar Junta Extends Military Rule by Six Months". The Irrawaddy. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
^ "Myanmar president: country at risk of breaking apart due to clashes". Reuters. 9 November 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
^ "The leader of Myanmar's army government is named acting president so he can renew state of emergency". Associated Press. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Myanmar’s military chief named acting president - Aljazeera(07/23/2024)
^ "Children of Burma's bloody junta in Sydney deny black money". Kalgoorlie Miner. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

Political offices
New office	Chief Minister of Yangon Region 2011–2016	Succeeded by Phyo Min Thein
Preceded by Sai Mauk Kham	First Vice President of Myanmar 2016–present	Incumbent
Preceded by Htin Kyaw	Acting President of Myanmar 2018	Succeeded by Win Myint
Preceded by Win Myint	Acting President of Myanmar 2021–2024	Succeeded by Min Aung Hlaing

[1] Myanmar Regime Leader Awards Himself Two Highest Honorary Titles

[altsean-2] "Lt Gen Myint Swe". Alternative Asean Network on Burma. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2008.

[3] "Who is Myint Swe — The acting President of Myanmar". Deccan Herald. 2 February 2021.

[4] "Armed rebellion risks break-up of Myanmar: junta-backed president". France 24. 11 September 2021.

[5] "ဒုသမ္မတအဖြစ် ရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ခံရသူ ကိုယ်ရေးအချက်အလက် အကျဉ်း". Myanmar Ahlin. 12 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2016.

[6] "CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK". Her Majesty's Treasury. UK Government. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2011.

[7] "Myanmar coup: who are the military figures running the country?". The Guardian. 2 February 2021. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[8] Milko, Victoria (1 February 2021). "Why is the military taking control in the Myanmar coup?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

[9] "Myanmar Military Seizes Power". The Irrawaddy. 1 February 2021. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

[10] Milko, Victoria; Kurtenbach, Elaine (1 February 2021). "A decade after junta's end, Myanmar military back in control". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

[Junta_watch-11] "Junta Watch: Old Faces Reappear, Coup Leader Declares Himself Buddhism's Savior and More". The Irrawaddy. 5 February 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.

[irr-12] Lwin, Min (27 June 2008). "Lt-Gen Myint Swe: Future No 2?". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2008.

[MLA_01-13] "Myint Soe". www.altsean.org. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.

[MLA_02-14] "Myint Swe Nominated as New Vice-President". The Irrawaddy. 10 July 2012. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014.

[:0-15] Sean Gleeson (11 March 2016). "Myint Swe revealed as military VP pick". Frontier Myanmar. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2018.

[16] "Myanmar military picks hardliner Myint Swe to work with Suu Kyi's proxy president". South China Morning Post. 11 March 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

[IDEA-17] Noel, Thibaut (March 2022). "Unconstitutionality of the 2021 Coup in Myanmar" (PDF). International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.

[18] Strangio, Sebastian (1 August 2023). "Myanmar Junta Extends State of Emergency for Fourth Time". The Diplomat. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

[19] "Myanmar military further extends state of emergency". Al Jazeera. 31 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.

[20] "Myanmar military rulers extend state of emergency by six months". Al Jazeera. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.

[com-21] "Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar" (PDF). Ministry of Information. September 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2015.

[22] "Extension of State of Emergency conforms with Constitution: CT response" (PDF). Global New Light of Myanmar. 1 February 2023. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.

[23] "Myanmar Junta Extends Military Rule by Six Months". The Irrawaddy. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.

[24] "Myanmar president: country at risk of breaking apart due to clashes". Reuters. 9 November 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

[25] "The leader of Myanmar's army government is named acting president so he can renew state of emergency". Associated Press. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[26] Myanmar’s military chief named acting president - Aljazeera(07/23/2024)

[27] "Children of Burma's bloody junta in Sydney deny black money". Kalgoorlie Miner. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

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Myint Swe

Military career

Political career

Chief Minister of Yangon Region

Vice Presidency

Acting President

Personal life

References

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