Manatí, Puerto Rico

Manatí

*Municipio Autónomo de Manatí*
Manatí Municipio Autónomo de Manatí
City and municipality
	Town Hall in Manatí
	Flag Coat of arms
	Nicknames: "Ciudad Metropolitana", "La Atenas de Puerto Rico"
	Anthem: "Atenas de Borinquen"
	Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Manatí Municipality
	Coordinates: 18°25′57″N 66°29′4″W / 18.43250°N 66.48444°W
Sovereign state	United States
Commonwealth	Puerto Rico
Founded	1738
Barrios	9 barrios Bajura Adentro; Bajura Afuera; Coto Norte; Coto Sur; Manatí barrio-pueblo; Río Arriba Poniente; Río Arriba Saliente; Tierras Nuevas Poniente; Tierras Nuevas Saliente;
Government
• Mayor	José Sánchez González (PNP)
• Senatorial dist.	3 - Arecibo
• Representative dist.	12, 13
Area
• Total	56.19 sq mi (145.53 km2)
• Land	50 sq mi (120 km2)
• Water	9.86 sq mi (25.53 km2)
Population (2020)
• Total	39,492
• Rank	23rd in Puerto Rico
• Density	700/sq mi (270/km2)
Demonym	Manatieños
Time zone	UTC−4 (AST)
ZIP Code	00674
Area code	787/939
Major routes	; ;

Manatí (Spanish pronunciation: [manaˈti]) is a city and municipality of Puerto Rico on the northern coast, north of Morovis and Ciales; east of Florida and Barceloneta; and west of Vega Baja. Manatí is spread over 8 barrios and Manatí barrio-pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Manatí was founded in 1738 by Don Pedro Menendez Valdes. The Iglesia Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria church was built in the seventeenth century and is still standing in its original spot.^[2] Manati is known as La Ciudad Metropolitana (The Metropolitan City), and also as Las Atenas de Puerto Rico, (The Athens of Puerto Rico).^[3] It is named after a sea mammal, the manatee (the sea cow).

During those early years, the mayor of the town was Jose Aulet. Juan Ponce de León picked the Manatí leg of the Manuatabón River as the first area to pan for gold.^[2] The Aulet family owned lands rich in pineapples, sugar cane, and green bananas. The Aulets sold the land to the government in 1985.^{[citation needed]}

In 1853, the region shifted from mining to an expansion of agriculture, particularly cultivation and processing of sugar cane. The demand for and price of sugar remained high in international markets. The main commodity crop was sugar cane. Carpentry also became popular. During that year, the town consisted of 280 homes, 2 squares, 8 streets and a school with 50 pupils.^{[citation needed]}

Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Manatí was 13,989.^[4]

On September 20, 2017 Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico. In Manatí, the hurricane caused major destruction with around 1500 residences destroyed or damaged. Highways were covered in debris and water, leaving communities incommunicado. The breaching of the Río Grande de Manatí caused the destruction of many structures including around 70 residences.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Geography

Manatí is on the northern central coast and the Northern Karst.^[10]

Barrios

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Manatí is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and a large Catholic church are located in the center of the municipality, in a barrio referred to as "el pueblo".^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions)^[15] and subbarrios,^[16] are further subdivided into smaller areas called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.^[17]^[18]^[19]

Special communities

Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Manatí: Cerro Gandía, Cerro Quiñones and El Horno.^[20]

Climate

Climate data for Manatí 2E, Puerto Rico (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1900–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	92 (33)	96 (36)	97 (36)	99 (37)	99 (37)	100 (38)	100 (38)	98 (37)	98 (37)	98 (37)	98 (37)	95 (35)	100 (38)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	86.3 (30.2)	87.3 (30.7)	88.8 (31.6)	90.6 (32.6)	92.1 (33.4)	92.8 (33.8)	91.5 (33.1)	92.0 (33.3)	92.1 (33.4)	91.5 (33.1)	89.1 (31.7)	87.2 (30.7)	93.9 (34.4)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	81.2 (27.3)	81.8 (27.7)	82.7 (28.2)	83.8 (28.8)	85.2 (29.6)	87.0 (30.6)	86.4 (30.2)	87.2 (30.7)	87.2 (30.7)	86.6 (30.3)	84.1 (28.9)	82.3 (27.9)	84.6 (29.2)
Daily mean °F (°C)	73.4 (23.0)	73.5 (23.1)	74.2 (23.4)	75.7 (24.3)	77.5 (25.3)	79.4 (26.3)	79.3 (26.3)	79.8 (26.6)	79.4 (26.3)	78.7 (25.9)	76.7 (24.8)	74.8 (23.8)	76.9 (24.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	65.6 (18.7)	65.2 (18.4)	65.7 (18.7)	67.7 (19.8)	69.8 (21.0)	71.7 (22.1)	72.1 (22.3)	72.4 (22.4)	71.6 (22.0)	70.7 (21.5)	69.2 (20.7)	67.4 (19.7)	69.1 (20.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	62.5 (16.9)	62.2 (16.8)	62.6 (17.0)	64.2 (17.9)	66.4 (19.1)	69.4 (20.8)	70.2 (21.2)	70.7 (21.5)	69.6 (20.9)	68.8 (20.4)	66.0 (18.9)	64.0 (17.8)	60.5 (15.8)
Record low °F (°C)	50 (10)	51 (11)	53 (12)	54 (12)	55 (13)	58 (14)	58 (14)	59 (15)	60 (16)	60 (16)	59 (15)	57 (14)	50 (10)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	5.09 (129)	3.16 (80)	4.07 (103)	4.91 (125)	6.21 (158)	3.41 (87)	5.35 (136)	5.36 (136)	5.67 (144)	5.67 (144)	7.59 (193)	5.39 (137)	61.88 (1,572)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	14.6	11.7	10.2	11.5	13.9	10.8	14.0	14.6	13.9	14.6	17.2	16.2	163.2
Source: NOAA^[21]^[22]

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1900	13,989	—
1910	17,240	23.2%
1920	20,100	16.6%
1930	24,838	23.6%
1940	29,366	18.2%
1950	30,449	3.7%
1960	29,354	−3.6%
1970	30,559	4.1%
1980	36,562	19.6%
1990	38,692	5.8%
2000	45,409	17.4%
2010	44,113	−2.9%
2020	39,492	−10.5%
U.S. Decennial Census^[23] 1899 (shown as 1900)^[24] 1910–1930^[25] 1930–1950^[26] 1960–2000^[27] 2010^[13] 2020^[28]

Tourism

In 2014, Manati welcomed its first hotel, the Hyatt Place Hotel and Casino, located next to Casino Atlántico and a LongHorn Steakhouse, which opened in April 2014. The hotel has an outdoor swimming pool, 3 meeting rooms and a fitness center. The official name was Hyatt Place Manati & Casino. Manati is popular for its beaches and is part of the Porta Altantico tourism district.

In 2019, Manatí began offering free tours of its city, beaches, historic places and eateries.^[30]^[31]

Landmarks and places of interest

Some of the places of interest in Manatí include:^[31]

The Acropolis Sports Complex
Biblioteca Nacional Francisco Álvarez^[2]
El Salón del Poeta
Historic Zone
Los Tubos Beach
La Esperanza Beach and Hacienda Azucarera la Esperanza
Playa Cueva Las Golondrinas, where visitors have been cited for public indecency. (Puerto Rico does not have nudist beaches.)^[32]
Mar Chiquita Beach,^[33] which is considered the most popular beach in the city.^[34]
Marqués de la Esperanza Hacienda Ruins
Ruinas de la Oficina de la Central Monserrate
The New Manati Arena
Manati Baseball Stadium
Playa Poza de las Mujeres, which is considered a dangerous beach.^[34]

Economy

Agriculture

Isidoro Colón established the "Candelaria" sugar mill in the years between 1860 and 1870, located between Manatí and Barceloneta. Manatí is the pineapple center of Puerto Rico. In addition in Manatí, there is cultivation of fruits, sugar cane, and coffee.^[3] Los Frutos del Guacabo is a farming company in Manatí that provides local fruit and vegetables to local chefs.^[35]^[36]

Industry

The industry of Manatí is shoes, woodwork, and a pineapple cannery as well as pharmaceuticals:^[37]

Bristol-Myers Squibb
Warner Chilcott
DuPont
Patheon
Actavis (inside W.C)
Janssen Ortho LLC

Retailers

Burlington store^[38]

Symbols

The municipio has an official flag and coat of arms.^[39]

Flag

This municipality has a flag.^[40]

Coat of arms

This municipality has a coat of arms.^[40]

Healthcare

Manati has two large, private hospitals, Doctor's Center Hospital, and Manati Medical Center Dr. Otero Lopez (formerly the government owned Hospital de Area). There is also the smaller Municipal Hospital.

The area surrounding PR-2 is known for having many medical offices.

Education

Manati has 3 public high schools: Petra Corretjer de O'neill High School, Fernando Callejo High School, and the Escuela Instituto Tecnologico Recinto De Manati, the latter also serving as a technical institute.

Private Schools:

Colegio Marista "El Salvador" Manatí
Colegio De La Inmaculada
Piaget Bilingual Academy
Academia Discípulos de Cristo
Colegio MLA (My Little Academy)
La Reiné Christian Bilingual School

Manati's only university is the American University of Puerto Rico, Manati Campus. There are several technical institutes, such as Instituto de Banca y Comercio, Atenas' College, EDC college and Dewey University.

Transportation

There are 15 bridges in Manatí.^[41]

Culture

Festivals and events

Manatí celebrates its patron saint festival in February. The Fiestas Patronales Virgen de la Candelaria is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.^[10]^[42]

Other festivals and events celebrated in Manatí include:

Los Tubos beach festival – June/July
Mar Chiquita festival – June
Christmas festival – December

Radio stations

WMNT (AM) - Radio Atenas 1500 AM
WNRT FM - Triunfo 96.9 FM

Notable natives and residents

Notable people from Manatí include:

Cecilia Callejo, dancer and actress
José Miguel Class, singer
Noel Cuevas, professional baseball player
Manuel Ramos Otero, poet and LGBT activist
Carlos Santana Becerra, judge
Yara Sofia, drag queen
Antonio Vélez Alvarado, father of the Puerto Rican flag
Carlos Beltrán, Professional Baseball Outfielder
Neftalí Soto, Professional Baseball Player
Iván Rodríguez, Professional Baseball Player
José Valentin, Professional Baseball Player
Luis Daniel Rivera, actor and politician

Gallery

Mar Chiquita beach and bay in Manatí
Cueva de las Golondrinas
Buildings in Manatí barrio-pueblo
Beach in Manatí

References

^ "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Manatí, PR - The Athens of Puerto Rico." Eye Tour. 2011. Web. 7 Dec 2011.<http://eyetour.com/blog/manati/ Archived 2011-11-05 at the Wayback Machine>.
^ ^a ^b Rivera, Magaly. "Manati" Welcome to Puerto Rico! 7 Dec 2011. <http://www.topuertorico.org/city/manati.shtml>.
^ Joseph Prentiss Sanger; Henry Gannett; Walter Francis Willcox (1900). Informe sobre el censo de Puerto Rico, 1899, United States. War Dept. Porto Rico Census Office (in Spanish). Imprenta del gobierno. p. 161. Archived from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
^ "María, un nombre que no vamos a olvidar. A Manatí le tocó enfrentar viento, inundaciones y la furia del mar" [Maria, a name we will never forget. Manatí faced winds, flooding and the ocean's fury]. El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). June 13, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
^ Vicens, A. J.; Meléndez, Eduardo. "Portraits of suffering and resilience in Puerto Rico six months after Hurricane Maria". Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ "Map data showing concentration of landslides caused by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
^ "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
^ "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico" (PDF). USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Manatí Municipality". enciclopediapr.org. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH).
^ Picó, Rafael; Buitrago de Santiago, Zayda; Berrios, Hector H. (1969). Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Gwillim Law (May 20, 2015). Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. McFarland. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Puerto Rico:2010:population and housing unit counts.pdf (PDF). U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
^ "Map of Manatí at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition". factfinder.com. US Census. Archived from the original on May 13, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
^ "P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Manatí Municipio, PR" (PDF). www2.census.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
^ "Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)". Puerto Rico Budgets (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2019.
^ Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 (first ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
^ "Leyes del 2001". Lex Juris Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
^ Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 (Primera edición ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, p. 273, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
^ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
^ "Report of the Census of Porto Rico 1899". War Department Office Director Census of Porto Rico. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
^ "Table 3-Population of Municipalities: 1930 1920 and 1910" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
^ "Table 4-Area and Population of Municipalities Urban and Rural: 1930 to 1950" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
^ "Table 2 Population and Housing Units: 1960 to 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
^ "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
^ "Discovery Manati". Discovery Manati. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Conoce las playas y la naturaleza en Manatí". El Nuevo Dia (in Spanish). August 9, 2019. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ "Investigan la existencia de una posible playa nudista en Manatí". Univision (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ "Encaminado un proyecto para declarar reserva ecológica en Mar Chiquita". Primera Hora (in Spanish). March 29, 2019. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ ^a ^b "Conoce las 11 playas más peligrosas de Puerto Rico [Know the 11 most dangerous beaches in Puerto Rico]". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 4, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
^ Modak, Sebastian (February 15, 2019). "Visiting Puerto Rico, and Finding the Up Beat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ "Lanzan primer proyecto del Grupo Interagencial de Impacto Social". Primera Hora (in Spanish). March 25, 2019. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
^ "Manatí | Puerto Rico | Britannica".
^ "Burlington set to re-open 2 additional P.R. stores in Río Piedras, Manatí – News is My Business". News is my Business. November 9, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
^ "Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios". LexJuris de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved June 15, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "MANATI". LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). February 19, 2020. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
^ "Manati Bridges". National Bridge Inventory Data. US Dept. of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
^ J.D. (May 2, 2006). "Manatí". Link To Puerto Rico.com (in Spanish). Retrieved July 18, 2020.

External links

Manatí, Puerto Rico on Facebook

[1] "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2021.

[athens-2] "Manatí, PR - The Athens of Puerto Rico." Eye Tour. 2011. Web. 7 Dec 2011.<http://eyetour.com/blog/manati/ Archived 2011-11-05 at the Wayback Machine>.

[manati-3] Rivera, Magaly. "Manati" Welcome to Puerto Rico! 7 Dec 2011. <http://www.topuertorico.org/city/manati.shtml>.

[OfficeSanger1900-4] Joseph Prentiss Sanger; Henry Gannett; Walter Francis Willcox (1900). Informe sobre el censo de Puerto Rico, 1899, United States. War Dept. Porto Rico Census Office (in Spanish). Imprenta del gobierno. p. 161. Archived from the original on November 15, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2020.

[5] "María, un nombre que no vamos a olvidar. A Manatí le tocó enfrentar viento, inundaciones y la furia del mar" [Maria, a name we will never forget. Manatí faced winds, flooding and the ocean's fury]. El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). June 13, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2022.

[6] Vicens, A. J.; Meléndez, Eduardo. "Portraits of suffering and resilience in Puerto Rico six months after Hurricane Maria". Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[USGS_Landslides-7] "Map data showing concentration of landslides caused by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.

[USGS_Maria_Landslides-8] "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.

[USGS_Maria_Landslides_map-9] "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico" (PDF). USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.

[PR_Ency-10] "Manatí Municipality". enciclopediapr.org. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH).

[Pico_1969-11] Picó, Rafael; Buitrago de Santiago, Zayda; Berrios, Hector H. (1969). Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social, por Rafael Picó. Con la colaboración de Zayda Buitrago de Santiago y Héctor H. Berrios. San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 31, 2018.

[Law2015-12] Gwillim Law (May 20, 2015). Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. McFarland. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3. Retrieved December 25, 2018.

[US2010Census-13] Puerto Rico:2010:population and housing unit counts.pdf (PDF). U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2018.

[14] "Map of Manatí at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.

[Barrio-Pueblo-15] "US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition". factfinder.com. US Census. Archived from the original on May 13, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2019.

[Census_map-16] "P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Manatí Municipio, PR" (PDF). www2.census.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2020.

[17] "Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)". Puerto Rico Budgets (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 28, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2019.

[18] Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 (first ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0

[Law_1-2001-19] "Leyes del 2001". Lex Juris Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 14, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2020.

[20] Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 (Primera edición ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, p. 273, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0

[NOWData-21] "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 8, 2024.

[NCEI-22] "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 8, 2024.

[23] "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

[24] "Report of the Census of Porto Rico 1899". War Department Office Director Census of Porto Rico. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

[25] "Table 3-Population of Municipalities: 1930 1920 and 1910" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

[26] "Table 4-Area and Population of Municipalities Urban and Rural: 1930 to 1950" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2014.

[27] "Table 2 Population and Housing Units: 1960 to 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

[28] "PUERTO RICO: 2020 Census". The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2021.

[USCensusEst2016-29] "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved September 21, 2017.

[30] "Discovery Manati". Discovery Manati. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[END_de_viaje-31] "Conoce las playas y la naturaleza en Manatí". El Nuevo Dia (in Spanish). August 9, 2019. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[32] "Investigan la existencia de una posible playa nudista en Manatí". Univision (in Spanish). Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[PH_Mar-33] "Encaminado un proyecto para declarar reserva ecológica en Mar Chiquita". Primera Hora (in Spanish). March 29, 2019. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[peli-34] "Conoce las 11 playas más peligrosas de Puerto Rico [Know the 11 most dangerous beaches in Puerto Rico]". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). July 4, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2021.

[NYT_2019_visit-35] Modak, Sebastian (February 15, 2019). "Visiting Puerto Rico, and Finding the Up Beat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[36] "Lanzan primer proyecto del Grupo Interagencial de Impacto Social". Primera Hora (in Spanish). March 25, 2019. Archived from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2019.

[37] "Manatí | Puerto Rico | Britannica".

[News_is_my_Business-38] "Burlington set to re-open 2 additional P.R. stores in Río Piedras, Manatí – News is My Business". News is my Business. November 9, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2019.

[39] "Ley Núm. 70 de 2006 -Ley para disponer la oficialidad de la bandera y el escudo de los setenta y ocho (78) municipios". LexJuris de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved June 15, 2021.

[LexJuris_(Leyes_y_Jurisprudencia)_de_Puerto_Rico_2020-40] "MANATI". LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). February 19, 2020. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2020.

[bridge-41] "Manati Bridges". National Bridge Inventory Data. US Dept. of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

[J.D._2006-42] J.D. (May 2, 2006). "Manatí". Link To Puerto Rico.com (in Spanish). Retrieved July 18, 2020.

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